商务英语综合教程第一册ppt课件(完整版).pptx
Unit 1International Economic and Trade OrganizationsContentWarm-up ActivitiesBackground InformationText AnalysisExtended ActivitiesWritingWarm-up activitiesI.Thefollowingisalistofabbreviationsforsomeimportantinternationalorregionalorganizations.WritedownthefullnamesandtheirequivalentsinChinese.1.ASEANAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations东南亚国家联盟（东盟）2.IMFInternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金组织3.IOCInternationalOlympiccommittee国际奥委会4.NATONorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织5.WHOWorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织6.OPECOrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国组织7.ICCTheInternationalChamberofCommerce国际商会8.WBWorldBank世界银行9.ISOInternationalStandardizationOrganization国际标准化组织10.BFABoaoForumforAsia博鳌亚洲论坛Background InformationThethreemajorinternationaleconomicorganizationsaretheWorldBank,theInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF),andtheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).The WTO emerged out of the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)in 1995;it is anarrangementacrosscountriesthatservesasaforumfornegotiationsontradingrulesaswellasamechanismfordisputesettlementsintradeissues.Bycontrast,theWorldBankandIMFdealwiththeirmember countries one at a time.They have little influence withindustrialcountriesbutcanaffectdevelopingcountriesduringtimesofeconomiccrisisandwhenthosecountriesseekadditionalforeignexchange resources.The origins and evolution of the threeorganizations are of considerable interest.Perhaps even moreimportantinlightoftherecentfinancialcrisesinMexico,EastAsia,and a few other countries,are the questions that arise about thecurrentandfuturerolesoftheIMFandtheWorldBank.InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)Time:Dec.27,1945Headquarters:WashingtonStatus:IMF&worldbankaretwomajorfinancialinstitutionsintheworldDuty:supervisethemonetaryexchangerate&providetheskill/fundoThreemajorobjectives:PromoteglobalmonetaryandexchangestabilityFacilitatetheexpansionandbalancedgrowthofinternationaltradeAssistintheestablishmentofamultilateralsystemofpaymentsforcurrenttransactionsoCombateconomicinstabilitythrough:Surveillance:Monitoringofeconomicandfinancialdevelopments,andtheprovisionofpolicyadvice,aimedespeciallyatcrisis-preventionLending:ProvidestemporaryfinancingandsupportpoliciesaimedatcorrectingtheunderlyingproblemsincountrieswithbalanceofpaymentsdifficultiesTechnicalSupport:Providescountrieswithtechnicalassistanceandtraininginitsareasofexpertise7WTOTheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)istheonlyglobalinternationalorganizationdealingwiththerulesoftradebetweennations.AtitsheartaretheWTOagreements,negotiatedandsignedbythebulkoftheworldstradingnationsandratifiedintheirparliaments.Thegoalistohelpproducersofgoodsandservices,exporters,andimportersconducttheirbusiness.TheWTOwasbornoutofnegotiations;everythingtheWTOdoesistheresultofnegotiations.The WTO has 153 members WTOfoundermembers(1January1995)WTOsubsequentmembers9WTO FunctionsTheWTOsmainobjectiveistohelptradeflowsmoothly,freely,fairlyandpredictably.Itdoesthisby:AdministeringtradeagreementsActingasaforumfortradenegotiationsSettlingtradedisputesReviewingnationaltradepoliciesAssistingdevelopingcountriesintradepolicyissues,throughtechnicalassistanceandtrainingprogramsCooperatingwithotherinternationalorganizationsText Analysis1.ThebulkoftheWTOscurrentworkcomesfromthe1986-94negotiationscalled the Uruguay Round and earlier negotiations under the GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT).WTO现行的一些工作都是源自于1986-1994年间乌拉圭回合谈判，以及早期在关贸总协定（GATT）下的一些谈判。bulk1.N-SINGYoucanrefertosomethingsbulkwhenyouwanttoemphasizethatitisverylarge.大块书面例：Thetruckpulledoutofthelot,itsbulkunnervingagainstthedawn.拂晓时分，卡车驶出了停车场，庞大的车身看起来有点儿可怕。2.N-SINGYoucanrefertoalargepersonsbodyortotheirweightorsizeastheirbulk.庞大肥硕的身躯例：Bannolloweredhisbulkcarefullyintothechair.班诺尔那肥硕的身躯小心地坐落到了椅子上。Text Analysis3.QUANTThebulkofsomethingismostofit.大部分QUANTofdef-n例：The bulk of the text is essentially a review of these originaldocuments.正文的大部分基本上是对这些原始文献的回顾。4.PHRASEIfyoubuyorsellsomethinginbulk,youbuyorsellitinlargequantities.大批地(买卖)例：Buyinginbulkismoreeconomicalthanshoppingforsmallquantities.大批采购比少量购买更经济实惠。thebulkof大多数，大部inbulk整批，散装；大批，大量bulkproduction批量生产bulkorder大宗订单bulkpurchase大量采购，成批采购bulkup胀大；形成大数目Text Analysiscomefromtobeorhavebeenaresidentornative(of)来自例：Mostpeoplewhocomefromothercountriesseemtofitinwiththewayoflifehere.大多数从外国来的人似乎适应这里的生活方式。comeoutfromtrouble从烦恼中走出来comebackfromwork下班回来comebackfromleave休假归来Comebackfromhell从地狱回来吧Comeoutfromshell走出阴影comebackfrom回来Text Analysis2.Thesystemsoverridingpurposeistohelptradeflowasfreelyaspossible so long as there are no undesirable side-effects because this isimportantforeconomicdevelopmentand well-being.Thatpartlymeansremovingobstacles.这个体系的重要目标是，只要没有不良的负面效应情况下，尽可能的帮助贸易自由流动，因为这对经济发展和社会福祉是很重要的。这部分的意味着要去除障碍。overriding1.ADJInaparticularsituation,theoverridingfactoristheonethatisthemostimportant.最重要的例：Myoverridingconcernistoraisethestandardsofstateeducation.我最关心的是提高国民教育水平。Text Analysisflow/fl/(flowing,flowed,flows)1.V-IIfaliquid,gas,orelectricalcurrentflowssomewhere,itmovestheresteadilyandcontinuously.流动例：Astreamflowedgentlydownintothevalley.一条小溪缓缓地流进山谷。2.V-IIfanumberofpeopleorthingsflowfromoneplacetoanother,they move there steadily in large groups,usuallywithoutstopping.(大量人或物)流动例：Large numbers of refugees continueto flow from thetroubledregionintotheno-mansland.大批的难民持续从骚乱地区涌进无人区。Text Analysis3.V-IIfinformationormoneyflowssomewhere,itmovesfreelybetweenpeopleororganizations.(信息)传播;(资金)流通例：A lot of this information flowed through other policedepartments.该信息大批地传到了其他警务部门。Phraseflowin流入flowfield流场，痢flowrate流量；流速processflow工序流程cashflow资金流动Text Analysisundesirable1.ADJIfyoudescribesomethingorsomeoneasundesirable,youthinktheywillhaveharmfuleffects.不受欢迎的;不利的例：Inflationisconsideredtobeundesirablebecauseofitsadverseeffectsonincomedistribution.通货膨胀因其对收入分配的反作用而被认为是不利的。remove(removing,removed,removes)1.V-TIfyouremovesomethingfromaplace,youtakeitaway.移开书面例：Assoonasthecakeisdone,removeitfromtheoven.蛋糕一烤好，就把它从烤箱里移出来。2.V-TIfyouremoveclothing,youtakeitoff.脱下;摘下书面例：Heremovedhisjacket.他脱掉了夹克。Text Analysis3.V-TIfyouremoveastainfromsomething,youmakethestaindisappearbytreatingitwithachemicalorbywashingit.去除(痕迹);洗掉(污渍)例：Thistreatmentremovesthemoststubbornstains.这个处理方法能洗掉最顽固的污渍。4.V-TIfpeopleremovesomeonefrompowerorfromsomethingsuchasacommittee,theystopthemfrombeinginpowerorbeingamemberofthecommittee.把免职例：ThestudentsenatevotedtoremoveFullerfromoffice.大学评议会投票将富勒免职了。removeoneself戏谑语挪动挪动;走开,离开：removeall删除所有；全部移除removefrom除掉；移动atoneremove隔一代(之嫡亲)Text Analysisobstacle1.N-COUNTAnobstacleisanobjectthatmakesitdifficultforyoutogowhereyouwanttogo,becauseitisinyourway.障碍物例：Mostcompetitioncarswillonlyrolloveriftheyhitanobstacle.多数赛车在撞到障碍物时都会翻车。2.N-COUNTYoucanrefertoanythingthatmakesitdifficultforyoutodosomethingasanobstacle.障碍例：Overcrowdingremainsalargeobstacletoimprovingconditions.过度拥挤仍然是改善条件的一大障碍。Text Analysis3.Traderelationsofteninvolveconflictinginterests.involve(involving,involved,involves)1.V-TIfasituationoractivityinvolvessomeone,theyaretakingpartinit.涉及例：Iftherewasacover-up,itinvolvedpeopleattheveryhighestlevelsofgovernment.如果有掩盖真相的行为，它就牵扯到了处于政府最高层的那些人。2.V-TIfyouinvolvesomeoneinsomething,yougetthemtotakepartinit.使参与Phraseinvolvein参与；涉及；卷入，陷入Exercise:I.Answer the following questions according to the text:1.CanyouuseonesentencetodescribetheWTO?2.HowmanywaysaretheretolookattheWTO?3.WhydoweconsidertheWTOasanegotiatingforum?1.Simplyput:theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)dealswiththerulesoftradebetweennationsataglobalornear-globallevel.2.ThereareanumberofwaysoflookingattheWTO.Itsanorganizationfor liberalizing trade.Its a forum for governments to negotiate tradeagreements.Its a place for them to settle trade disputes.It operates asystemoftraderules.3.Essentially,theWTOisaplacewheremembergovernmentsgo,totrytosortoutthetradeproblemstheyfacewitheachother.Thefirststepistotalk.TheWTOwasbornoutofnegotiations,andeverythingtheWTOdoesistheresultofnegotiations.4.Besidesliberalizingtrade,whatotherfunctiondoestheWTOhave?5.WhatistheroleoftheWTOagreements?6.WhatistheWTOsystemsoverridingpurpose?7.HowwilldisputesbesettledwithintheWTO?4.theWTOisnotjustaboutliberalizingtrade,andinsomecircumstancesits rules support maintaining trade barriers for example to protectconsumersorpreventthespreadofdisease.5.These documents provide the legal ground-rules for internationalcommerce.They are essentially contracts,binding governments to keeptheirtradepolicieswithinagreedlimits.6.The systems overriding purpose is to help trade flow as freely aspossiblesolongastherearenoundesirableside-effectsbecausethisisimportantforeconomicdevelopmentandwell-being.7.Themostharmoniouswaytosettlethesedifferencesisthroughsomeneutralprocedurebasedonanagreedlegalfoundation.ThatisthepurposebehindthedisputesettlementprocesswrittenintotheWTOagreements.8.WhendidtheWTObeestablished?9.HowdoyouunderstandtheWTOwas“bornin1995,butnotsoyoung”?10.ArethereanydifferencebetweentheWTOanditspredecessor,GATT?8.TheWTObeganlifeon1January1995.9.AlthoughtheWTOwasestablishedin1995,butitstradingsystemishalfacenturyolder.Since1948,theGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)hadprovidedtherulesforthesystem.ItdidnottakelongfortheGeneral Agreement to give birth to an unofficial,de facto internationalorganization,also known informally as GATT.Over the years GATTevolvedthroughseveralroundsofnegotiations.10.WhereasGATThadmainlydealtwithtradeingoods,theWTOanditsagreementsnowcovertradeinservices,andintradedinventions,creationsanddesigns(intellectualproperty).Word PracticeFill in the blanks with appropriate words from the text.Theinitial letter of each word has been supplied for you.1.Thechairmansvetowasobythecommittee.2,FactoryworkersinsouthernChinaclashedwithpolicethisweekinadaboutseverancepay,Xinhuareportedyesterday.3.Scientistsstillcannotpexactlywhereinthestatesuchaquakewilloccurorwhen.4.Whileinvestorsdidnotappreciatethedirectionofthemarket,atalltimesthemarketswereaccessible,liquidandt.5.Scientiststhinkthatbirdsprobablyefromreptiles.1.overridden2.dispute3.predict4.transparent5.evolved6.Heconsiderstheretobeplentyofroomintheworldforthetwotogrowtheireconomiesamicably,withoutc.7.Mr.Zhous comments on the currency Saturday were the mostdirectsuggestiontodatebyaChineseofficialthattheyuanscurrentdpegtothedollarwontbemaintainedindefinitely.8.Ifyouianovel,dreamresult,etc.,yougiveanexplanationofwhatitmeans.9.ForyearstheUNhasclungtoitsreputationasanarbiter,andmanagedtoavoidbecomingamilitanttarget.10.Dearathletes,rememberthatyouarerolemodelsfortheyouthofthe world.Reject doping and cheating.Make us proud of yourachievementsandyourc.6.conflict7.defacto8.interpret9.neutral10.conductWord PracticeFill in the blanks with the appropriate words or phrases given in thebox.Change the forms where necessary.leadtosolongasinotherwordssortoutbebornoutofgivebirthtolookatasaspossiblebaseonfacewith1.Fornow,Isuggestyoureadersresponsestoyourproblemandtakeheartatthenumberofotherswhoarealsodepressed-andhavefoundwaysofcoping.2.America,inshort,willcometoacountrythatmightbecomeitsgreatestrivalinthe21stcentury.3.Everyonelivestheirlifebysortofinternalizedlistofvaluesormoralcode,butmanypeopledonttakethetimetowhattheyreallybelievein.1.lookat2.facewith3.sortout4.Method,wisdomandmiraclediligence.5.Theonlywaytoimproveyourreadingabilityistoread!6.Chinaisnotsatisfiedwithinitsownborders,howcanitbesatisfiedintheworld?7.Sheisalwaysdependingonothers,sheneverdoesthingsbyherself.4.arebornoutof5.asmuchaspossible6.Solongas7.inotherwords8.Thefilmbeginsbytellingusitisactualrecollectionsofthepeopleinvolved.9.Loveisadesirethatcomesstraightfromtheheartwithawealthofexceedingpleasure.Oureyesfirstlove,andourheartsgiveitsustenance.10.Artamoreprofoundthoughtoflife,sinceartitselfisthedeeperrepresentofemotion.8.basedon9.givebirthto10.leadtoIV.TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:1.人民期待政府解决这些问题，我们会全力以赴。2.有时一个人的建树是在逆境中产生的。3.中国最近面临着严重的产品安全问题。4.只要不吃得太多，你可以吃任何东西。5.那位科学家的实验产生了一种新药。1.Peopleexpectustosortouttheseissues,wewilldoso.2.Therearetimesineveryoneslifewhensomethingconstructiveisbornoutofadversity.3.Chinahasrecentlybeenfacedwithseriousissuesofproductsafety.4.Youmayeatanything,solongasyoudonteattoomuch.5.Thescientistsexperimentsgavebirthtoanewdrug.V.ReadingcomprehensionReadthetextcarefully,andchoosethebestanswer.Packagingisaveryimportantformofadvertising.Apackagecansometimesmotivate people to buy products.For example,a little child might ask for abreakfastfoodcontainedinaboxwithapictureofaTVcharacter.Thechildismoreinterestedinthepicturethaninbreakfastfood.Picturesforchildrentocolororcutout,gamesprintedonapackage,orasmallgiftinsideaboxalsomotivatemanychildrentobuyproducts-ortoasktheirparentstobuyforthem.Somepackagessuggestthatabuyerwillgetsomethingfornothing.Foodproducts sold in reusable containers are examples of this.Although a similarproductinplaincontainermightcostless,peopleoftenprefertobuytheproductinareusableglassordish,becausetheybelievethecontainerisfree.However,thecostofthecontainerisaddedtothecostoftheproduct.Thesizeofapackagealsomotivatesabuyer.Maybethepackagehas“EconomySize”or“FamilySize”printedonit.Thissuggeststhatthelargersizehasthemostproductfortheleastmoney.Butthatisnotalwaystrue.Tofinditout,abuyerhastoknowhowtheproductissoldandthepriceofthebasicunit.The information on the package should provide someanswers.Buttheimportantthingforanybuyertorememberisthatapackageisoftenanadvertisement.Thewordsandpicturesdonottellthewholestory.Onlytheproductinsidecandothat.1.“Abuyerwillgetsomethingfornothing”inparagraph2mayprobablymean_.A)abuyerwillnotgetwhathepaysforB)abuyerwillgetmorethanwhathepaysforC)abuyerwillgetsomethingusefulfreeofchargeD)abuyerwillgetmorebutpayless2.Fromthepassageweknowthebuyerpaysmoreattentionto_.A)thesizeofacontainerB)acontainerwithattractivepictureC)awell-designedcontainerD)aplaincontainerwithlowcost3.Whatsuggestiondoesthewritergiveinthepassage?A)Itsnotgoodtobuytheproductwhichissoldinaglassordish.B)Thequalityofacontainerhasnothingtodowiththequalityoftheproduct.C)Thebestchoiceforabuyeristobuyaproductinaplainpackage.D)A buyer should buy what he needs most rather than a well-designedpackage.1.A2.C3.D4.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A)Infactglassesordishesusedforpackagingdonotcostmoneyatall.B)“Family Size”printed on the package means that it is rathereconomic.C)Toachild,eventoanadult,theformisfarmoreimportantthanthecontent.D)Wordsandpictureswrittenonthepackagearethoughttobeanadvertisement.5.Whatdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthepassage?A)HowtoPackageaProduct.B)HowtoMakeanAdvertisement.C)HowtoSellProduct.D)HowtoAttractMoreBuyers.4.A5.AWriting:WelcomeSpeechI.Whatisawelcomespeech?Itisashortandbriefspeechthatisusedduringvariouseventsandfunctions,ofbothbusinessandpersonalnaturetoeitherintroducetheeventorinsomesituationstointroduceapersonandwelcomehimorher.Ifthewelcomespeechservestointroduceaneventoranoccasion,thenitneedstobeapleasantmixofformalandinformal,sothatitsetstherightmood.Incasethewelcomespeechservestointroduceaperson,thenyouwillneedtoaddpersonalinformationtothespeechandensurethatyourefertohowthepersonsexperienceinhisvariouscapacitiesisrelevant,totheeventheispre
