初中英语语法被动语态考点归纳 讲义.docx

初中英语语法被动语态考点归纳一、主动形式表被动含义 某些系动词，如feel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell, prove, remain等用主动形式表示被动意义；主语通常是事物，且表示该事物本身具有某一固有特征。如：The material feels very soft. 这种料子摸起来很柔软。误：The material is felt very soft.The music sounds beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美妙。误：The music is sounded beautiful. 表示主语由内在品质或性能，使得主语得以实现或不能实现，用主动表示被动，常见的这类动词有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook, open, close, lock等。1. 同well, badly, easily等副词连用。如：The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。The book sells well. 那本书很畅销。The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔很好写。2. 谓语动词用否定式。如：The window wont open. 这扇窗开不了。The door wont lock. 这门锁不上。3. 主语+谓语(blow, wear等) +主补。如：The door blew open. 门被风吹开了。 某些日常用语，cook, bake, make, print, pack, build, work out等动词用于进行时态时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The fish is cooking. 鱼正在煮。The book is printing. 那本书正在印刷中。The plan is working out. 计划正在制订。 不定式在下列情况下用主动形式表示被动意义：1. 在“be+形容词+fit to do”句型中。如：English words are difficult to remember. 英语单词很难记。注：常用于此句型形容词有easy, hard, difficult, heavy, light, comfortable等。2. 在作补语的形容词后作状语的不定式。如：We found the book easy to understand. 我们觉得这本书的容易懂。3. 在This /That /These /Those be后的名词后的不定式。如：This is a difficult problem to solve. 这是一个很难解决的问题。4. 在“there be/have/with sth. to do(有要) ”结构中。如：I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。5. 在“疑问代词+不定式”结构。如：The question is what to do next. 问题是接下来做什么。6. 在“be to blame/seek/let”结构中。如：The house is to let. 此房出租。He is to blame for this. 他因此事应受到责备。 在表示“需要”的need, want, require，及be worth后的动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。如：The floor needs sweeping. 这地需要打扫了。That picture is worth looking at. 那幅画值得看。二、被动语态与系表结构的区别动词“be+过去分词”这一结构既可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构。这两种结构主要的区别是：被动语态强调动作，系表结构强调状态。我们还可以通过以下方法来判断：从形式上来看，被动语态往往接by施动者，而系表结构往往有固定的搭配，如be joined to, be connected with, be separated from, be covered with, be interested in, be surprised at, be satisfied with, be concerned about等。We were surprised at the unexpected news. 听到这个意外消息，我们感到惊讶。(系表结构)注意：句中有“by+人”时，多用被动语态；而“by+物”时，多属系表结构。如：The house was surrounded by the police. 这房子被警察包围了。(被动语态)The house was surrounded by trees. 这房子四周都是树。(系表结构，表示静止的状态)从时态上来看，被动语态的be时态要与动作发生的时间一致；而系表结构的be只有一般时或完成时，表示目前或过去的性质或状态。如：This window was broken by Kate yesterday. (被动语态) 这窗户是凯特昨天打破的。 (被动语态)This glass is broken. 这块玻璃是破的。(系表结构，指目前的状态)从句中的状语来看，过去分词前有well, very, quite等副词修饰的是系表结构；若句中有时间、方式或目的状语时，一般为被动语态。The play is well written. 这剧本写得很好。(系表结构)The play was written with great care. 这剧本是非常用心地写出来的。(被动语态，有方式状语)被动语态中的过去分词必须是及物动词，而系表结构中的过去分词可以是gone, fallen, risen等不及动词。如下列两句是系表结构：My pen is gone. 我的钢笔不见了。The sun is risen. 太阳升起来了。三、英语不能用被动语态的若干情况不及物动词没有被动语态，如rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie, disappear, last等。如：After the fire, nothing remained. 那场大火之后，什么也没留下来了。误：After the fire, nothing was remained.不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to等。如：Great changes have taken place here since 1990. 自1990年以来这里发生了巨大的变化.误：Great changes have been taken place here since 1990.有的及物动词也没有被动语态，如cost, leave, enter, reach, suit, have, wish, hold, own, lack, fit, resemble, jump, mind等。如：She entered the room just now. 他刚才进过房间。误：The room was entered by her just now.       Tom jumped the queue. 汤姆插队。误：The queue was jumped by Tom.有些及物的短语动词也没有被动语态，如agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, walk into, belong to等。如：I dont agree with him. 我不同意他的看法。误：He isnt agreed with by me. 宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、v-ing形式及抽象名词等，都不能变为被动句子的主语，如：I taught myself French. 我自学法语。误：Myself was taught French.They love each other. 他们相爱。误：Each other is loved.We live a happy life. 我们过着幸福的生活。误：A happy is lived by us.She likes to swim. 她喜欢游泳。误：To swim is liked by her.四、带双宾语动词的被动语态有何规律请看几个句子：主动：He answered me the question. (正)被动：I was answered the question by him. (正)被动：The question was answered me by him. (误)以上句子涉及带双宾语动词的被动语态问题。这个问题可以从三个方面去概括：有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语)，这类动词主要的有：buy，give，lend，pay，show，teach，tell，offer，leave，award 等：他给了她一些钱。主动：He gave her some money. (正)被动：She was given some money by him. (正)被动：Some money was given (to) her by him. (正)有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：do，make，pass，sell，sing，write 等：他给她写了封信。主动：He wrote her a letter. (正)被动：A letter was written (to) her by him. (正)被动：She was written a letter by him. (少见)有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用间接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：answer，refuse，save，spare，deny，envy 等：他们不允许我入场。主动：They refused me admittance. (正)被动：I was refused admittance by them. (正)被动：Admittance was refused me by them. (少见)学科网（北京）股份有限公司