2016人教版中考英语语法专项复习-名词(优秀).ppt

2016人教版中考英语语法专项复习-名词(优秀)Nouns名词名词2021/5/222熟熟记已学已学过的名的名词；掌握常用名掌握常用名词的数的的数的变化；化；掌握名掌握名词所有格的构成及其所有格的构成及其变化；化；掌握可数名掌握可数名词与不可数名与不可数名词的区的区别及用法。及用法。中考考查形式：中考考查形式：选择题、单词拼写及拼写及选词填填空空题、完成句子、完成句子CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XICHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI2021/5/223考点揭密考点揭密1.掌握名词的概念、分类，名词可分为：普通名掌握名词的概念、分类，名词可分为：普通名词和专有名词；词和专有名词；2.掌握名词复数的构成、用法；名词所有格的构掌握名词复数的构成、用法；名词所有格的构成方法及用法；成方法及用法；3.理解名词在句中的功能，掌握名词作主语、表理解名词在句中的功能，掌握名词作主语、表语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用法；用法；4.能够辨析部分名词的用法区别，并熟练运用，能够辨析部分名词的用法区别，并熟练运用，如：如：family,home,house;work,job等等 2021/5/224CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XICHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI名词的数名词的数名词的所有格名词的所有格名词的变化名词的变化可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词2021/5/225名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如BeijingBeijing，ChinaChina等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：一个抽象概念的名词，如：bookbook，sadnesssadness等。普等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：通名词又可分为下面四类：_|专有名词专有名词|名名|个体名词个体名词|可数名词可数名词|集体名词集体名词|普通名词普通名词|词词|物质名词物质名词|不可数名词不可数名词|抽象名词抽象名词|2021/5/2261）个个体体名名词词：表表示示某某类类人人或或东东西西中中的的个个体体，如如：gun。2）集集体体名名词词：表表示示若若干干个个个个体体组组成成的的集集合合体体，如如：family。3物质名词物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物表示无法分为个体的实物,如如air。4）抽抽象象名名词词：表表示示动动作作、状状态态、品品质质、感感情情等等抽抽象概念，如：象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。称为不可数名词。2021/5/227专有名词专有名词表示个别的人、事物、地点等专表示个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称。专有名词有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大第一个字母要大写写*Lucy*China*theSummerPalace2021/5/228普通名词普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词可数名词表示人、事物、地点等的名称。表示人、事物、地点等的名称。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式之分可数名词有单数和复数两种形式之分2021/5/229名词的单数名词的单数形式形式一般一般可用可用a来修饰来修饰 *acar*abook 在在元音发音元音发音开头的单词前用开头的单词前用an *anelephant*anapple 请区别：请区别：ausefulmachine 2021/5/2210flowerflowers找规律找规律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf-leavesbox es2021/5/2211名词的复数形式名词的复数形式 1.1.复数形式的构成方法复数形式的构成方法 (1)(1)一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/”/s/or/z/z/*dogdogs*bookbooks(2)(2)以以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加结尾的名词加“es”/iz/”/iz/*boxboxes*watchwatches2021/5/2212(3)(3)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变y为为i加加“es”/iz/”/iz/*countrycountries*factoryfactories 请区别：如果是元音字母加请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词结尾的名词则只须加则只须加“s”*boyboystwo Marystwo Marys the Henrys the Henrys holiday-holidaysholiday-holidays*monkeymonkeys2021/5/2213找规律找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes2021/5/2214radiosphotos找规律找规律zoospianos2021/5/2215(4)(4)以以o o结尾的名词加结尾的名词加“s”/z/”/z/*radioradios*zoozoos 只有只有 potatotomato加加“es”构成复数构成复数potatopotatoestomatotomatoeszero-zeros/zeroeszero-zeros/zeroes。(5)(5)以以f、fe结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变f、fe为为v再加再加“es”/vz/”/vz/roof-roofs roof-roofs *halfhalves*shelfshelves*knifeknives*leafleaves2021/5/22162.2.特殊变化的单词特殊变化的单词 (1)(1)单单 复复 数数 同同 形形Chinese Chinese fish fish Japanese Japanese sheepsheepdeerdeerlili，jinjin，yuanyuan，two two lili，three three mumu，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式 (2)(2)变元音字母变元音字母oo为为ee toothteethfootfeet2021/5/2217不规则变化不规则变化child-childrenwoman-womendeersheepman-mengoose-geese2021/5/22183.3.变变man为为menmanmenwomanwomenpolicemanpolicemenFrenchmanFrenchmen请区别：请区别：German(德国人德国人)Germans4 4.其它形式其它形式childchildrenmousemice2021/5/2219 5.5.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况 (1)(1)将中心词变为复数将中心词变为复数girlfriendgirlfriendsgrandchildgrandchildren(2)(2)man,woman构成的合成词，每个构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数名词都要变成复数amandoctormendoctorsawomanteacherwomenteachers2021/5/2220以以s结结尾尾，仍仍为为单单数数的的名名词词，如如：a.maths，politics，physics等等学学科科名名词词，一一般般 是是不不可可数数名名词词，为为单单数数。b.news 为为不不可可数数名名词词。c.the United States，the United Nations 应应视视 为为 单单 数数。The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是联合国是1945年组建起来年组建起来d.以以复复数数形形式式出出现现的的书书名名，剧剧名名，报报纸纸，杂杂志志名名，也可视为单数。例如：也可视为单数。例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.一一千千零零一一夜夜是是一一本本非非常常有有趣趣的的故故事书。事书。2021/5/22216.6.常以复数形式出现的名词常以复数形式出现的名词 peopleclothespolice trousersglasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数复数 *Myclothesarenewerthanyours.*Thepoliceoftencomehere.2021/5/22225）表表示示由由两两部部分分构构成成的的东东西西，如如：glasses（眼眼 镜镜）trousers,clothes等等，若若表表达达具具体体数数目目，要要借借助助数数量量词词 pair（对对，双双）;suit（套套）;a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers等。等。6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，货物，waters水域，水域，fishes（各种）鱼（各种）鱼 2021/5/2223 7.7.可用可用howmany，many，afew，few，any，lotsof,some，alotof等修等修饰可数名词复数饰可数名词复数*Thereareafewpeopleinthepark.*Howmanyknivesarethereinyourpencil-box?2021/5/2224不可数名词不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water，rice，fish，meat等。等。特别记住特别记住houseworkworkchalktimespacemusicmoneyweathercottonhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine2021/5/2225 1.1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数单数 *Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2.2.常用常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等来修饰不可数名词等来修饰不可数名词 *Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.2021/5/2226 3.3.常用常用apieceof,acupof,aglassof,abottleof等来表示不可数名词的量等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数单复数表现在表现在of前面的名词上，而前面的名词上，而of后始终是单后始终是单数数 *Thereisapieceofpaperinthebook.*Threeglassesoforangeareonthedesk.2021/5/2227a bottle of juicea glass of orangetwo boxes of milk不可数名词不可数名词2021/5/2228注意：注意：可数名词也可用量来表示，可数名词也可用量来表示，of后用复数后用复数*Therearetwobagsofclothesoverthere.*Wehavefiveboxesofapples.2021/5/22294.4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同(1)(1)glass(玻璃玻璃)aglass(玻璃杯玻璃杯)paper(纸纸)apaper(报纸报纸)work(工作工作)awork(著作著作)room(空间空间)aroom(房间房间)2021/5/2230(2)(2)fruit(水果水果)fruits(各种水果各种水果)fish(鱼鱼)fishes(各种鱼各种鱼)hair(所有头发所有头发)hairs(几根头发几根头发)time(时间时间)times(时代时代)2021/5/2231名词的一般用法名词的一般用法名词做定语名词做定语 1.1.修饰另一名词时修饰另一名词时,一般用单数一般用单数*Hehastwopencil-boxes.*Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.2.2.manwoman用做定语时用做定语时,应与后面的应与后面的名词保持数的一致名词保持数的一致*Weneedamanteacher.*Theyareallwomenworkers.2021/5/2232 3.3.sports,clothes做定语时做定语时,仍用复数形仍用复数形式式*asportsfield*aclothesshop 4.4.当数词与单位名词一起做定语时，当数词与单位名词一起做定语时，单位名词往往用单数形式单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位数词与单位名词用名词用“-”-”连接。连接。*Heisafourteen-year-oldboy.*Thisisatwo-hourplan.2021/5/2233名词做主语时名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。谓不一致。*Herfamilyisalargeoneandherfamilyareallteachers.她家是一个大家庭她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。她的家人都是老师。*Thereisapairofglassesonthedesk.桌上有一副眼镜桌上有一副眼镜2021/5/2234名词所有格名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系表示名词间的所有关系“的的”一一.名词所有格的构成方法名词所有格的构成方法1.1.单数名词后加单数名词后加“s”*Tomsbook*myfriendsuncle2.2.以以s结尾的复数名词结尾的复数名词,则在则在s s后加后加“”即可即可*TeachersDay*twoweeksholiday2021/5/2235 3.3.不以不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按仍按惯例加惯例加“s”*ChildrensDay*mensshoes 4.4.用用ofof加名词，构成所属关系的短语，加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系*thecolorofthewall*apictureoftheclassroom2021/5/2236二二.名词所有格的几个注意点名词所有格的几个注意点1.1.可用名词所有格表示地点可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词地点名词习惯上省略习惯上省略*myaunts(home）(我姑姑家）我姑姑家）*gototheteachers(office）(去老师办公室）去老师办公室）2.2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式有些名词的所有格可用两种形式*thecatsname/thenameofthecat*Chinascapital/thecapitalofChina2021/5/2237 3.3.表示两人共同拥有表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词在最后一个名词后加后加“s”*LucyandLilysroom露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）请区别请区别:LucysandLilysrooms露西的房间和莉莉的房间露西的房间和莉莉的房间 （两人各有一间房间）（两人各有一间房间）2021/5/2238看例题识所有看例题识所有格格 1.Beijing is the capital of China.Beijing is Chinas capital.2.This is Mary and her sisters bedroom.Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse.3.These are Toms and Lilys bags.4.She is the two boys mother.5.the door of the room the leaves of the tree 6.the girls name=the name of the girl7.He is a friend of my brothers.的的2021/5/2239看我看我“七十二七十二变变”friendfriendlylovelovely常具有赞美的意味常具有赞美的意味carehelpcolourful具有具有的性质的性质cloudsun windrainhealthy表示充满表示充满的的carehopeless没有没有的的dangerouswood-woodenwool-woolenChina-ChineseJapan-JapaneseAustralia-Australian形容词形容词2021/5/2240指点迷津指点迷津1.1.Ten years _(is,are)short time for me.Ten years _(is,are)short time for me.2.2.A pair of shoes _(is,are)under the bed.A pair of shoes _(is,are)under the bed.3.3.The number of the students in our school The number of the students in our school _(is,are)2,000._(is,are)2,000.4.4.The woman with two children _(is,are)The woman with two children _(is,are)coming ing here.5.5.Neither he nor I _(are,am)an American.Neither he nor I _(are,am)an American.is isis isis isis isamam2021/5/2241指点迷津指点迷津6.Maths _(are,is)hard to learn for the boy.6.Maths _(are,is)hard to learn for the boy.7.They are all _(woman,teachers;7.They are all _(woman,teachers;women teachers).women teachers).8.The population of China _(are,is)over 8.The population of China _(are,is)over 1,300,000,000.1,300,000,000.9.There are many _(peoples,people)in the street in 9.There are many _(peoples,people)in the street in summer.summer.10.One of the students _(have,has)gone to Shanghai.10.One of the students _(have,has)gone to Shanghai.is isis iswomen teacherswomen teacherspeoplepeoplehashas2021/5/22421.Several_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyare_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？NotveryfarItsabouttwentywalk.（2000杭州）杭州）AminutesBminutesCminutes3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春）长春）A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJanesC.AnnsandJanesCCAAB2021/5/2243()1.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()2.Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe_800metreraceyesterday.Aboys Bboys CboyDboys.()4.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies()5.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxsDDBAC选择填空：选择填空：2021/5/2244()6.Thisisnotmycap,butmy_.A.brothers B.brothersC.brothersD.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters()8._are_forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used()9.Johnbought_forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes()10.Excuseme,whereisthe_?A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menroomsBBDAA2021/5/2245根据所给单词的正确形式填空：根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_.(Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucys2021/5/2246【例【例1】Today is September 10th.Its_Day.2003，天津，天津 A.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers 典型例题解析典型例题解析【例【例2】Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my car,because there are already five people.2003，山西，山西 A.land B.ground C.room D.floor BC【例【例3】These Germans want to have some_for supper,so they decide to catch_now.2003，天津，天津 A.fish,many B.fishes,much C.fish,much D.fishes,many【例【例4】I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please?2003，广东，广东 A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs【例【例5】Some_are flying kites near the river.2003，长沙，长沙 A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs AB C2021/5/2247.将下列词组译成英语将下列词组译成英语1.三双鞋三双鞋 _2.二十个女教师二十个女教师 _3.两瓶橘汁两瓶橘汁 _4.Tom父亲的一个朋友父亲的一个朋友 _5.少年宫少年宫 _ 课时训练课时训练there pairs of shoestwenty women teacherstwo bottles of orange juicea friend of Toms fathersthe Childrens Palace2021/5/22481.The rich_not always happy.A.are B.is C.have D.has2.In Britain,_are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box3.There are four_and two_in the group.A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，Germans4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_.A.home B.family C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_.A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news 课时训练课时训练AADAB2021/5/22496.March 8th is _Day.A.Womans B.Womens C.Womans D.Women 7.We can do the work better with_money and _ people.A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few,few8.There are three_in our class.A.Zhous B.Zhous C.Zhous D.Zhouss 9.Its about ten_walk.A.minutes B.minutes C.minute D.minutes10.This room is_.A.Bill and Davids B.Bills and Davids C.Bills and Davids D.Bill and David 课时训练课时训练(B)(A)(B)(B)(A)2021/5/225011.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_in China.A.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities12.Would you like_?A.some more meat B.any more meat C.many more meat D.more much meat 13.What can I do for you,sir?Id like two_.A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks14.Toms car is more beautiful than_.A.his brothers and sister B.his brother and sister C.his brothers and sisters D.his brothers and sisters15.“Nightingal Prize”is for_.A.workers B.scientists C.doctors D.nurseBACD D2021/5/2251谢谢！