45个介词的基本用法.ppt

一、44个常见介词的基本用法介词短语=介词+名词基本介词 +单名词合成介词 +多名词双介词 +名词性从句1、about基本含义：a-b-out“A在B外面”1 1、在、在周围：周围：The kids are sitting The kids are sitting aboutabout their teacher.their teacher.I like the necklace I like the necklace about about her throat.her throat.2 2、环绕：、环绕：The bird always fliesThe bird always flies about about the forest.the forest.I plan to travel I plan to travel aboutabout the world.the world.3 3、关于：、关于：a book a book about about English studyEnglish studyThey are talking They are talking about about the new film.the new film.4 4、adv adv 大约大约固定搭配：固定搭配：1 1、How about.?How about.?2 2、something+adj+about Xsomething+adj+about X一些关于一些关于X X的的adjadj的事的事2、above基本含义：a-b-over“A在B上方”引申含义：引申含义：1 1、在、在上方上方:The sun rose:The sun rose above above the horizon.the horizon.2 2、数目大于、数目大于/重量超过重量超过/价格（能力、地位）高于价格（能力、地位）高于There is nothing in the store There is nothing in the store above above 50 cents.50 cents.“He who comes after me is“He who comes after me is above above me,because he was before me”me,because he was before me”固定搭配：固定搭配：1 1、above all:above all:首先（强调重要性）首先（强调重要性）Above all,Above all,he was an outstanding mathematician.he was an outstanding mathematician.2 2、above all things:above all things:最最最最What you need,What you need,above all things,above all things,is confidence.is confidence.3 3、be above oneself:be above oneself:兴高采烈兴高采烈=high spirit=high spiritWhen he heard the good news,he When he heard the good news,he was above himself.was above himself.3、across基本含义：a-grass“A走过一片草坪 引申含义：引申含义：1 1、穿过：、穿过：She walked She walked across across the road.the road.2 2、在、在.对面对面:The bar is just:The bar is just across across the street.the street.3 3、交叉：、交叉：He sat with his arms He sat with his arms across across his chest.his chest.The two lines pass The two lines pass across across each other at right angles.each other at right angles.固定搭配：固定搭配：1 1、A come across B.AA come across B.A偶遇偶遇B B。I came across Yu Minhong the other day.I came across Yu Minhong the other day.2 2、A ger sth across to B.AA ger sth across to B.A使某物被使某物被B B了解。了解。I want to get my theory across to all students.I want to get my theory across to all students.4、after基本含义：“A在B之后”（强调顺序）1 1、在、在之后之后 （时间顺序、空间顺序）（时间顺序、空间顺序）After After dinner,they went out for a walk.dinner,they went out for a walk.I should I should after after him,but he still went on.him,but he still went on.2 2、照着、照着的样子的样子Read the sentence Read the sentence after after me,please.me,please.The building is named The building is named after after the famous hero.the famous hero.固定搭配：固定搭配：1 1、be afterbe after寻找寻找/go after/go after 追逐追逐/run after/run after 追求追求You should run after your own dream.You should run after your own dream.2 2、after allafter all不管怎样不管怎样 （即：在任何事情之后都一样）（即：在任何事情之后都一样）After all,he is your father.After all,he is your father.3 3、look afterlook after照顾照顾5、against基本含义：a-g-e“相对”1 1、碰着、靠着：、碰着、靠着：She was leaning She was leaning against against a tree.a tree.2 2、反对：、反对：We should fight We should fight against against crimes.crimes.3 3、预防：、预防：Save money Save money against against a rainy day.a rainy day.未雨绸缪未雨绸缪固定搭配：固定搭配：1 1、go against go against 违反（故意违反某人的意志）违反（故意违反某人的意志）He chose to go He chose to go against against his family.his family.2 2、be againstbe against（1 1）违反（违反法律、制度）违反（违反法律、制度）It is It is against against the law to hunt tigers.the law to hunt tigers.(2)(2)反对反对 Lincoln was strongly Lincoln was strongly against against slavery.slavery.（3 3）不利于）不利于 What he said is What he said is against against him.him.6、around基本含义：a-round”A在一个圆里面”（在一定范围内）1 1、在、在周围周围:There are many bars:There are many bars around around the towm.the towm.2 2、在附近、到处：、在附近、到处：I showed him I showed him around around our campus.our campus.3 3、【、【advadv】大约：】大约：There are There are around around 1000 people watching the game.1000 people watching the game.7、at基本含义:“朝向一点”1 1、小地点、小地点,或小时间点或小时间点Usually,he is Usually,he is at at his office in the morning.his office in the morning.I arrived I arrived at at home at 7:00.home at 7:00.Knock at;look at;aim at;shoot at;arrive atKnock at;look at;aim at;shoot at;arrive at2 2、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因He showed no sign of pleasure He showed no sign of pleasure at at seeing her.seeing her.Be surprised/excited atBe surprised/excited at8、before基本含义：“在之前“（时间、空间、顺序）1 1、时间上：、时间上：Please come back Please come back before before 10:00pm.10:00pm.2 2、空间上：、空间上：Dont put the cart Dont put the cart before before the horse.the horse.3 3、顺序上：、顺序上：Health should come Health should come before before wealth.wealth.固定搭配：固定搭配：1 1、before longbefore long不久后不久后2 2、before time:before time:提前提前 9、behind基本含义：be+hide “在之后“1 1、空间上，在、空间上，在后面后面:A dog is running:A dog is running behind behind us.us.2 2、在后台操纵：、在后台操纵：There must be someone There must be someone behind behind it.it.3 3、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后;New York is 12 hours New York is 12 hours behind behind Beijing in time.Beijing in time.He was He was behind behind others in ability.others in ability.10、beside基本含义：be+side“在边上”引申含义：1、在.旁边=next to;by the side ofa town beside the seaShe sat beside the teacher.2、与.相比=compared withMy work is so poor beside yours.固定搭配：beside oneself 高兴（悲伤）的不得了、忘形11、besides基本含义：“除外，还有”There were 2 other students in the classroom There were 2 other students in the classroom besides besides Tom.Tom.12、between基本含义：be-two-in“在两者之间”1 1、空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间：、空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间：Between Between two strange buildings stands a tree.two strange buildings stands a tree.His age is His age is between between sixty and seventy.sixty and seventy.2 2、表示两者之间的某种关系、表示两者之间的某种关系He has to decide He has to decide between between life and death.life and death.This is a secret This is a secret between between life and deathlife and death（仅在我们俩之间）（仅在我们俩之间）.you should learn you should learn between between lineslines（字里行间）（字里行间）.13、beyond基本意思：be+yond（在彼处）=在之外1 1、“在远处、在在远处、在的那一边的那一边”What lies What lies beyond my reach.beyond my reach.2 2、“超出超出的限度的限度”（能力认识）（能力认识）The fruit was The fruit was beyond my reach.beyond my reach.3 3、“除除了了”I cant tell you anything I cant tell you anything beyondbeyond what you already know.what you already know.固定搭配：固定搭配：1 1、beyond wordsbeyond words无法形容无法形容2 2、beyond understandingbeyond understanding难以理解难以理解3 3、beyond curebeyond cure无可救药无可救药4 4、beyond endurancebeyond endurance无法忍受无法忍受14、by基本意思：by后面的名词很重要1 1、在、在旁边旁边 We prefer a table We prefer a table by the window.by the window.2 2、到、到时候时候We have studied several prepositions We have studied several prepositions by now.by now.I shall have finished the work I shall have finished the work by the time you return.by the time you return.3 3、通过、通过;根据根据;He can tell the direction He can tell the direction by the stars.by the stars.Dont judge a person Dont judge a person by his looks.by his looks.4 4、按、按计算计算Eggs are usually sold Eggs are usually sold by dozen.by dozen.The temperature has risen by The temperature has risen by 5 degrees.5 degrees.5 5、被、被；He He was shocked bywas shocked by what he had seen.what he had seen.固定搭配：固定搭配：1 1、by accident/chanceby accident/chance偶然偶然2 2、by all meansby all means想尽一切办法、一定要想尽一切办法、一定要3 3、by no meansby no means绝不、一点儿也不绝不、一点儿也不4 4、by turnsby turns轮流轮流5 5、by mistakeby mistake出于误会出于误会5、despite基本意思：尽管、不顾=in spite ofThe old professor kept on working despite his poor health.16、down基本意思：向下引申含义：引申含义：1 1、表示自上而下、表示自上而下In order to catch the bus they run down the hill.In order to catch the bus they run down the hill.Tears run down her face quietly.Tears run down her face quietly.2 2、沿着河、沿着路、沿着河、沿着路He walked down the road.He walked down the road.We sailed down the river.We sailed down the river.固定搭配固定搭配 副词副词Sth break downSth break down坏了坏了Let sb down Let sb down 令某人失望令某人失望17、during基本意思：在期间1 1、在整个、在整个期间期间Not a word did they say Not a word did they say during during the meal.the meal.I havent had any meat I havent had any meat duringduring the last several years.the last several years.2 2、在、在期间的某个时刻期间的某个时刻I saw Linda I saw Linda duringduring the meeting.the meeting.18、except基本意思：ex-cept拿出来Everyone was here Everyone was here exceptexcept Tom.Tom.【注意】【注意】besidesbesides表示表示“加加”，exceptexcept表示表示“减减”19、for基本意思：“为”1 1、为了、为了I bought a gift I bought a gift forfor you.you.He played football He played football forfor England.England.2 2、因为、因为Bejing is famous Bejing is famous forfor its long history.its long history.I thank you I thank you for for what you have done what you have done forfor me.me.3 3、作为、作为I had some chocolateI had some chocolate for for breakfast.breakfast.4 4、表示时间、距离的长短、表示时间、距离的长短I havent seen youI havent seen you for for years.years.ForFor miles and miles you see nothing but trees.miles and miles you see nothing but trees.固定搭配：long for;thirst for 渴望for the moment;for the present 现在、此刻for the sake of 为了I bear all this for the sake of my work.for my part 对我而言for fear of 唯恐./以防.for pleasure;for fun 为了消遣for sale 出售20、in基本意思：在.范围之中1 1、在、在.范围之中（时间、地点）范围之中（时间、地点）We sat down We sat down in in the shade of the trees.the shade of the trees.Rome was not built Rome was not built in in a day.a day.2 2、在、在.情绪之中情绪之中I am I am in in doubt about it.doubt about it.They are They are in in great enthusiasm about the project.great enthusiasm about the project.3 3、在、在.状态之中状态之中You have put yourself You have put yourself in in danger.danger.Their economy was Their economy was in in chaos.chaos.Please put all the books Please put all the books in in order.order.4 4、穿着、穿着.The police were all The police were all in in plain clothes.plain clothes.I was I was in in a jacket that day.a jacket that day.5 5、用、用.语言语言The letters were written The letters were written in in Chinese.Chinese.WhatWhats this s this in in Englishi?Englishi?固定搭配：固定搭配：in a sensein a sense在某种程度上在某种程度上in accordancein accordance根据根据.；按照；按照.in advancein advance提前提前in generalin general一般而言一般而言in ones opinionin ones opinion根据某人观点根据某人观点2121、insideinside基本含义：在基本含义：在.里面（静态）里面（静态）I looked I looked into into the box,only to find nothing the box,only to find nothing inside inside it.it.22、into基本含义：进入.的里面（动态）1 1、进入、进入.的里面的里面It was rainning,so they went It was rainning,so they went into into the house.the house.He immediately copied those sentences He immediately copied those sentences into into his book.his book.2 2、进入某种状态、进入某种状态I burst I burst into into tears/laughter.tears/laughter.You must put the theory You must put the theory into into practice.practice.3 3、变成、变成././成为成为.The book has been translated The book has been translated into into many languages.many languages.Those experiences have changed him Those experiences have changed him into into a true man.a true man.固定搭配：固定搭配：get sb into trouble/difficulties get sb into trouble/difficulties 使遇到麻烦使遇到麻烦look into look into 调查，研究调查，研究run into run into 碰到，邂逅碰到，邂逅2323、likelike基本含义：基本含义：“像像”He looks He looks like like his father.his father.It was It was like like fishing fishing for for a needle a needle in in the ocean.the ocean.It was not It was not like like her.her.24、of基本含义：“属于某个集合”1 1、属于、属于I am a student I am a student of of New Oriental School.New Oriental School.2 2、由、由.制成的制成的The desk is made The desk is made of of wood.wood.3 3、表示人或物的性质、表示人或物的性质They two are They two are of of the same height.the same height.English is English is of of great importance.great importance.4 4、表示后者修饰前者的、表示后者修饰前者的A of BA of BThe 2008 Olympic Games was held in the City The 2008 Olympic Games was held in the City of of Beijing.Beijing.5 5、表示前者修饰后者的、表示前者修饰后者的A of B(A of B(此时此时A A为数量词为数量词)Millions Millions of of people are celebrating the festival.people are celebrating the festival.25、off基本含义：“离开”引申含义；引申含义；1 1、从某物体上分离出来（动态）、从某物体上分离出来（动态）Cut small piece Cut small piece off off the bread.the bread.Tom fell Tom fell ofoff f the wall.the wall.2 2、表示离某物、某地有一定的距离（静态）、表示离某物、某地有一定的距离（静态）The old man lives on an island The old man lives on an island off off the coast.the coast.26、on基本含义：“吸附”引申含义：引申含义：1 1、在、在.上面上面Put the book on the desk.Put the book on the desk.2 2、在某个特定的时间上、在某个特定的时间上The accident happened on the cold winter morning.The accident happened on the cold winter morning.3 3、“关于关于”a lecture on English study.a lecture on English study.4 4、处于某种状态、处于某种状态I am on a tour to Japan.I am on a tour to Japan.The influence of China is rapidly on the rise.The influence of China is rapidly on the rise.2727、oppositeopposite基本含义：基本含义：”op-po”op-po”对立，在对面对立，在对面I am sitting opposite Tom.I am sitting opposite Tom.28、out of基本含义：“出”1 1、从、从.出发、从出发、从.出来出来He ran out of the house.He ran out of the house.2 2、从总体中、从总体中“分离出分离出“一部分一部分Three out of four people are in favor of the plan.Three out of four people are in favor of the plan.3 3、“出于出于“I study English out of interest.I study English out of interest.4 4、没有了、没有了I have run out of money.I have run out of money.I was out of breath when I got there.I was out of breath when I got there.5 5、从中提取出来（类似于、从中提取出来（类似于made frommade from）Flour is made out of wheat.Flour is made out of wheat.29、outside基本含义：out+side“在外边“引申含义：引申含义：1 1、外部的、外部的Outside the window lies a bridge.Outside the window lies a bridge.2 2、除了、除了=excepet=excepetNo one knows it outside the members of my own family.No one knows it outside the members of my own family.30、over基本含义：盖在.上面1 1、在、在.上面上面I put a cloth over the table.I put a cloth over the table.I saw a bridge over the river.I saw a bridge over the river.2 2、在、在.问题上问题上Do not cry over spilt milk.Do not cry over spilt milk.3 3、凌驾于、凌驾于.之上之上The king rules over the empire.The king rules over the empire.31、past基本含义：超过1 1、经过、经过I drove past your house yesterday.I drove past your house yesterday.2 2、时间或年龄上超过、时间或年龄上超过It is a quarter past nine.It is a quarter past nine.32、regarding基本含义：有意识地相关He wants to talk with me regarding his future.He wants to talk with me regarding his future.Regarding you recent enquiry.Regarding you recent enquiry.关于您最近的询问关于您最近的询问33、since基本含义：自从He has not written to his parents since last Christmas.He has not written to his parents since last Christmas.I have been in Beijing since 2010.I have been in Beijing since 2010.I have been here since then.I have been here since then.34、through基本含义：穿过（跐溜）1 1、通过、穿过、通过、穿过Walk through the door.Walk through the door.2 2、贯穿一段时间、贯穿一段时间It keeps raining through April.It keeps raining through April.3 3、经历、经历He has gone through the whole event.He has gone through the whole event.4 4、通过某种途径、通过某种途径The American people won their freedom through struggle.The American people won their freedom through struggle.35、throughout基本含义：全部包括1 1、在整个、在整个.地区地区The good news has spread throughout the country.The good news has spread throughout the country.2 2、在整个、在整个.时间时间He has been feeling bad throughout the day.He has been feeling bad throughout the day.36、to基本含义：“去、到”，强调目的、方向1 1、“到到”某个位置、方向某个位置、方向go to schoolgo to school2 2、“到到”某个时间、数目某个时间、数目Dont leave things to the last moment.Dont leave things to the last moment.3 3、“到到”某个状态某个状态The music can put you to sleep in a short while.The music can put you to sleep in a short while.4 4、“对着对着”某个对象某个对象Dont yell to me.Dont yell to me.5 5、“对于对于”某个对象某个对象It is important to me.It is important to me.37、towards基本含义：方向、趋势1 1