2016聚焦中考英语(甘肃)考点聚焦精品课件第26讲动词和动词短语.ppt

2016聚焦中考英语(甘肃)考点聚焦精品课件第26讲动词和动词短语【名题实战名题实战】1Lao Shes Teahouse _ _ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.(2015，天津天津)AdescribesBimprovesCprepares Dcorrects2How is Tom now?I hear the company _ _ him a good job，but he refused it.(2015，呼呼和浩特和浩特)Aprovided BofferedCpassed DintroducedAB3Fresh food is good for you.But you have to _ _ first because sometimes it is a little dirty.(2015，江西江西)AtasteBsmellCwashDplant4Tom，its cold outside._ _ your coat when you go out.OK，Mom.(2015，克拉玛依克拉玛依)ATake off BTake awayCPut away DPut onCD5You say you are short of money.Why not sell your old gold watch for some money?Oh，I cant，because it was a gift from my wife.I promised her I would never _ _ it.(2015，襄阳襄阳)Acare about Blook afterCstick to Dpart withD【考点梳理考点梳理】近近年年来来在在语语境境中中考考查查考考生生对对基基础础知知识识的的掌掌握握程程度度越越来来越越受受到到重重视视。其其中中动动词词与与动动词词短短语语是是中中考考考考查查的的重重点点之之一一。考考查查的的范范围围有有：行行为为动动词词、系系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。甘甘肃肃各各地地市市的的中中考考也也把把动动词词和和动动词词短短语语作作为为了了重重点点考考查查对对象象，同同学学们们切切不不可可掉掉以以轻轻心心，一一定定要要打打好好基基础础，牢牢记记动动词词词词组组及及特特殊殊动动词词三三式式，争争取取顺顺利完成此利完成此类题类题型。型。大大多多数数动动词词都都有有五五种种基基本本形形式式：动动词词原原形形、第第三三人人称称单单数数、现现在在分分词词、过过去式和去式和过过去分去分词词。1第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。不规则变化的有havehas等。2现在分词的构成3.过去式和过去分词的构成规则变化不规则变化需单独记忆。高频考点二实义动词词义辨析实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。1及物动词及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：动词宾语。如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)动词宾语宾补动词间接宾语直接宾语2不及物动词不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。如：He always studies hard.他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)【例1】Dreams are beautiful.However，to _ them needs lots of time and work.(2015，安徽)Adiscover Bfind Cachieve Dstop解析：“实现梦想”常常表示为：achieve ones dream。答案：_C_【例 2】It is necessary for everyone to _ a good habit of reading.(2015，济宁)Aenjoy Bchoose Cdevelop Daccept解析：根据句意：养成读书的好习惯是非常必要的。“养成习惯”可作短语：develop a habit of doing sth.来表示。答案：_C_【例3】The school network will be shut down for safety reasons.That doesnt _ me at all.Im not a networm，anyway.(2015，无锡)Asatisfy Bsurprise Cworry Dinclude解析：satisfy意为“令.满意”；surprise意为“令.意外”；worry意为“令.担心”；include意为“包括”。答案：_C_高频考点三系动词和助动词的用法1系动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。2助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。【例4】The running water makes the stones _ very smooth.(2015，安徽)Asound Btaste Csmell Dfeel解析：根据句意：流水让石头摸上去很光滑。答案：_D_【例5】Do you like watching TV?No，but my brother_.Adoes Bdo Cis Dlikes解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。答案：_A_高频考点四情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。1can(could)表能力，could为can的过去时。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。表可能性。表许可。口语中可代替may。cant表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。2may(might)用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。3must表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用neednt或dont have to，意为“不必”。注：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。must的否定形式为mustnt，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。4would作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。5should表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。【例6】You _ park here！Look at the sign，it says“No parking”Sorry，I didnt notice that sign just now.(2015，苏州)Awont Bneednt Cmustnt Dcouldnt解析：由语境可知：这里是禁止停车的。答案：_C_【例7】Harrys been driving all day，he _ be tired.(2015，杭州)Aneednt Bcan Cshall Dmust解析：根据句意，由他开了一天车推断他一定是累了。情态动词做肯定推测常用must。答案：_D_【例8】Is that man Mr.Smith?It _ be him.He has gone to New York on business.(2015，天津)Amay not Bneednt Ccant Dmustnt解析：从答语可知，他去了纽约出差，因此那个人不可能是他，情态动词做否定推测常用cant。答案：_C_高频考点五动词短语动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。1动词短语的分类：动词介词arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for及物动词副词find out，give up，look up(查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off(脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over，cut off不及物动词副词get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)动词副词介词get on(along)with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to动词名词介词take part in，make friends with，take care ofbe形容词介词be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about2初中阶段常用短语如下：look短语look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找；look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览put短语put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演，增加(体重)；put away 把暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put off推迟；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴；put sth.to good use好好利用某物turn短语turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn.into.把变成get短语get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马等)；get off下车(船、飞机、马等)；get away离开，逃脱；get in they way of挡的路，妨碍；get into陷入，参与；get out(of)(从)出来；get to到达；get together聚会；get married结婚；get used to习惯于；get mad大动肝火，气愤take短语take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸入，吞入(体内)；take away拿走；take down拆除，往下拽，记录；take after(外貌或行为)像；take breaks休息；take care of照顾；take risks冒险；take up占据(时间、空间等)，开始从事，拿起；take action采取行动；take place发生；take part in参加；take pride in为感到自豪agree短语agree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to同意(计划、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事go短语go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school/work去上学/班；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生come短语come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油；come up with想出(主意、计划等)give短语give up放弃；give off放出、发出(气体、气味、光、热等)；give out分发，散发；give away赠送，捐赠；give in屈服，让步，投降；give.a lift捎一程 make短语make a decision作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与交朋友；make up编造，组成；make a face做鬼脸；make an effort作出努力；make sure确保；make a difference影响，有作用；make ones way前往，费力地前进 be短语be friendly/kind to对友好；be different from与不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受欢迎；be interested in对感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in对某事严格；be famous/known as作为出名；be famous/known for因著名；be surprised at对惊讶；be pleased with对满意；be proud of对感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to对某人感激；be good for对有好处；be good at擅长于；be made up of由构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满；be late for迟到；be covered with覆盖着；be used to习惯于；be in control of掌管，管理；be able to能够做某事；be ready to愿意迅速做某事；be similar to与相像；be sure about确信，对有把握；be up to是的职责，由决定；be thirsty for渴望；be hard on sb.对某人苛刻 call短语call at拜访(后接地点)；call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for要求，提倡，邀请；call in召来；叫来【例9】The boy has a good habit to _ all the things in right places.(2015，呼和浩特)Aput away Bput upCtake away Dtake up解析：put away意为“把.收起来”；put up意为“举起”；take up意为“开始从事。”答案：_A_【例10】Yunnan is beautiful and Im _ visiting it again.(2015，天津)Akeeping clear of Bsuffering fromClooking forward to Drunning away from解析：keep clear of意为“不接触”；suffer from意为“遭受”；look forward to意为“期望”；run away from意为“从.逃离”。答案：_C_一、单项选择。1When I got to the bus stop.I missed the early bus and I had to _ _ the next one.(2015，德州)Agive up Bkeep off Ccall of Dwait for2We planned to meet at 10：30 at the station last Sunday，but Bob didnt _ _ until 12：00.(2015，安徽)Aturn up Bgive up Cstay up Dgrow up3Do you know our new manager?Yes，He _ _ to be a friend of my brother.(2015，苏州)Aturns up Bturn onCturns out Dturns offDAC4Bob is taking the desks away because they _ _ too much room.(2015，天津)Astand up Bpick up Ctake up Dlisten up5Whats wrong with you，Eric？You look tired.I _ _ to prepare for the final exam last night.(2015，安顺)Apicked up Bwoke upCput up Dstayed up6The exam is over and the results will be _ _ on Friday afternoon.(2015，泰安)Aput down Bput offCput up Dput awayCDC7We have to _ _ the bike ride because of the bad weather.(2015，济宁)Aput off Bturn offCtake off Dget off8Has Jane done the washing yet?You cannot _ _ her to do such a thing.(2015，苏州)Awant Bhope Cexpect Dwish9Jenny，I hear there will be an art club in our school.Wonderful！I cant wait to _ _ it.(2015，温州)Arepeat Bforget Creceive DjoinACD10They all _ _ Laura about building a museum here.(2015，重庆A/C卷)Awaited for Bhanded inCagreed with Dknocked atC二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。11I _(spend)a day drawing the picture.12We should _(protect)the nature and wild animals.13Tom _(suggest)that I write a letter to my friend to say sorry.14You can _(wear)a flower instead of a necklace.15We _(arrive)in Beijing in two hours.spentprotectsuggested/suggestswearwill arrive 谢谢观赏谢谢观赏