63it的用法.ppt
Grammar The use of“it”Discovering“It”1.Itrainsheavily.2.2.Itis20kilometersfromGranddadshousetoJames.3.ItisNovember11,2005.4.Itis9oclockatnight.5.Itllbelovelyinthegardentonight 6.Itisbadtosmoke.7.Itislikelythathewillsucceed.天气天气距离距离日期日期时间时间形式主语形式主语环境环境形式主语形式主语1.it的最基本用法是作代词，主要的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的指刚提到的事物事物，以避免重复，以避免重复:Xianisabeautifulcity,isntit?2.也可以也可以指动物或婴儿指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩未知性别的婴儿或孩子子):Isthisyourdog？No,itisnt.一、一、it作人称代词作人称代词it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：1.指天气：指天气：Itisalovelyday,isntit?Itisabitwindy.2.指时间指时间:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.3.指环境指环境:Itwasveryquietinthecaf.4.指距离：指距离：Itishalfanhourswalktothecitycentrefrommyhome.二、二、it作非人称代词作非人称代词5.指日期指日期：-Whatsthedatetoday?-ItsMay1,2007.6.指季节指季节：Itissummernow.7.指度量指度量：Itisabout5kilograms.8.指价值指价值：-WhatsthecostoftheT-shirt?-Itis150yuan.替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。三、三、it用作形式主语用作形式主语（1）Itbeadj.（forsb.）todosth.此处此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词：通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerousItisillegal（forateenager）todriveacarwithoutalicense.1.代作主语的动词不定式代作主语的动词不定式（2）Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词：通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.Itskindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.Its no good/use doingIts（well）worth doingIts（well）worth ones while doing/to doIts（well）worth while doing/to doIts no use crying over spilt milk.(3)It替代作主语的动名词替代作主语的动名词的常见句型的常见句型2.it作形式主语替代主语从句作形式主语替代主语从句Itisclear(obvious，true，possible,certain)that.该句型中该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导引导的主语从句，常译为的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然清楚（显然,真的真的）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：Itisveryclearthathesroundandtalllikeatree.Itisadj.+主语从句主语从句Itissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.)that.该句型中的该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引引导的主语从句；该结构常译为导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据说（据报道，据悉）据悉）”。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.Itisv-edthatsb/sth.=sb./sth.isv-edtodoItis+noun+主语主语从从句句Itisapity(ashame/anhonor/agoodthing/afact/asurprise/.)that.该句型中，该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：。例如：Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遗憾！他生病了，真遗憾！四、四、it作形式宾语作形式宾语 当复合宾语中的当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。补足语之前。该句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有作形式宾语，常用的动词有think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。等。构成：构成：动词动词+it+宾补宾补+to do/doing/宾语从句宾语从句Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.我认为和他争吵没有用。我认为和他争吵没有用。IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.我发现学英语非常有趣。我发现学英语非常有趣。Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthissubject.他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。五、用于强调句型中五、用于强调句型中Itis/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who.Itisnotuntil+被强调部分被强调部分+that.I met Tom in the park yesterday.1)It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.2)It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.3)It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.4)It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.It was five oclock _I got home.It was at five oclock_ I got home.whenthat强调句用以强调主语，宾语，介词宾语以及状语。（强调强调句用以强调主语，宾语，介词宾语以及状语。（强调人时用人时用that和和whowhom皆可）皆可）Itwasshewhothathadbeenwrong是她错了。是她错了。()ItwasthegirlwhomthatImetjustnow我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。()ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。（所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。（）主语主语宾语宾语状语状语Itisnotuntil+被强调部分被强调部分+that.该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语“直到直到才才”，可以说是，可以说是not.until.的强调形的强调形式。例如式。例如:ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.六、六、It常用的固定搭配常用的固定搭配 1.makeit（1）在口语当中相当于）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：，表示：成功、成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达做到、说定、赶上、及时到达Itshardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.（2）在口语中相当于）在口语中相当于fixthedatefor，表示，表示“约定好时间约定好时间”Shallwemeetnextweek？OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.takeit/thingseasy相当于相当于Dontworryordonthurry.用来劝告别人，用来劝告别人，表示表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气不要慌，别担心，沉住气”Takeiteasy！Hewilldoitwell.3.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中，相当在口语中，相当于于ithasntbeendecidedyet，表示，表示“那得看情况，那得看情况，还没有定下来还没有定下来”Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday？It/Thatalldepends.4.Itsuptosb.在口语中，相当于在口语中，相当于itsdecidedbysb.表示表示“由由决决定，由定，由负责，取决于负责，取决于”Shallwegooutfordinner？Itsuptoyou.Rewrite the following sentences,using“Its that”.Exercises1.Imstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometersinanafternoon.Thatisamazing.2.Myfatherhasquitsmoking.Thatiswonderful.3.Youcouldsufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.(Itislikely).4.China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes.It is reported.It is amazing that I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking.It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.It is reported that China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes.5.Birdflu(禽流感禽流感)hitChinaagain.Thatisknowntous.6.LiYuchungotmorethanonemillionyuanfortheadvertisement.Peoplesaythat.7.Someyoungpeoplethinkthattheylookattractivewhentheysmoke.ItseemsthatIt is known to us that bird flu(禽流感禽流感)hit China again.It is said that Li Yuchun got more than one million Yuan for the advertisement.It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.1.Reviseandmastertheuseofit.2.Pre-viewtheReading:HIV/AIDS:Areyouatrisk?HomeworkSee you next time!
