初中英语非谓语动词用法详解.ppt

初中英语非谓语动词用法详解不定式、动名词用作主语不定式、动名词用作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语1 1。直接作主语：。直接作主语：。直接作主语：。直接作主语：（1 1）眼见为实。）眼见为实。）眼见为实。）眼见为实。（2 2）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。（3 3）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。1.Seeing is believing.2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for health3.Smoking is not a good habit2.2.用用用用it it作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhilenouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile连用连用连用连用（1 1）广说不做没用）广说不做没用）广说不做没用）广说不做没用（2 2）做无益的后悔没用）做无益的后悔没用）做无益的后悔没用）做无益的后悔没用（3 3）吸烟太多无益）吸烟太多无益）吸烟太多无益）吸烟太多无益（4 4）学好英语是值得做的）学好英语是值得做的）学好英语是值得做的）学好英语是值得做的1.Its no use talking too much without1.Its no use talking too much without doing anything doing anything2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk.2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk.3.Its no good smoking too much3.Its no good smoking too much4.Its worthwhile learning English well.54.Its worthwhile learning English well.5不定式作主语不定式作主语1 1。直接作主语。直接作主语。直接作主语。直接作主语（1 1）眼见为实）眼见为实）眼见为实）眼见为实（2 2）今天早晨做早操对身体无益）今天早晨做早操对身体无益）今天早晨做早操对身体无益）今天早晨做早操对身体无益（3 3）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险1.To see is to believe1.To see is to believe2.To do morning exercises today is not 2.To do morning exercises today is not good for health.good for health.3.To smoke here is dangerous3.To smoke here is dangerous2 2。用。用。用。用it it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1 1）你这么说真是太好了）你这么说真是太好了）你这么说真是太好了）你这么说真是太好了（2 2）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了（3 3）我们学好英语是必要的）我们学好英语是必要的）我们学好英语是必要的）我们学好英语是必要的（4 4）你们学好英语语法并不难）你们学好英语语法并不难）你们学好英语语法并不难）你们学好英语语法并不难1.It is very kind of you to say so.1.It is very kind of you to say so.2.Its very foolish of him to say such things2.Its very foolish of him to say such things3.It is necessary for us to learn English well3.It is necessary for us to learn English well4.Its not difficult for you to learn well English 4.Its not difficult for you to learn well English grammargrammar3.3.固定句型固定句型固定句型固定句型（1 1）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业（2 2）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？1.It takes LiLei two and a half hours to complete his homework.1.It takes LiLei two and a half hours to complete his homework.2.How long did it take you to finish writing your composition?2.How long did it take you to finish writing your composition?小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别一、对称原则一、对称原则二、特殊表达二、特殊表达三、固定句型三、固定句型四、习惯用法四、习惯用法主语和表语对称主语和表语对称主语和表语对称主语和表语对称动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作It takes sb some time to do sthIt takes sb some time to do sthIts no use/no good/useless/worthwhile +doing Its no use/no good/useless/worthwhile +doing Its kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts important/necessary/hard for sb to do sthIts important/necessary/hard for sb to do sthTask:complete the following sentencesTask:complete the following sentences1.1._(_(没有用没有用没有用没有用)learning without practice)learning without practice2.2.Its no good _Its no good _（广说不做）（广说不做）（广说不做）（广说不做）3.3.Its necessary _(Its necessary _(我们学好英语）我们学好英语）我们学好英语）我们学好英语）4.4.It very kind _ It very kind _ （你帮助我）（你帮助我）（你帮助我）（你帮助我）5.5.How long _How long _（你每天参加体育活动？）（你每天参加体育活动？）（你每天参加体育活动？）（你每天参加体育活动？）6.6.Because of the heavy sand storm,_(Because of the heavy sand storm,_(今天做晨练）今天做晨练）今天做晨练）今天做晨练）7.7.is of no benefit to you.is of no benefit to you.Multiple choiceMultiple choice1.It is very generous _ you to buy me such a nice gift1.It is very generous _ you to buy me such a nice giftA.A.of B.for C.to D.withof B.for C.to D.withB.B.2.You are clever;it will be easy _ you to work out the word puzzle2.You are clever;it will be easy _ you to work out the word puzzleC.C.of B.for C.to D.withof B.for C.to D.withD.D.3.I think it no good _ without doing anything.3.I think it no good _ without doing anything.E.E.A,to play about B,play around C.playing about D.played aroundA,to play about B,play around C.playing about D.played aroundItsnouseItsnousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganythingtalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganythingforustolearnEnglishwellforustolearnEnglishwellofyoutohelpmeofyoutohelpmedoesittakeyoutodosporteverydaydoesittakeyoutodosporteverydaytodomorningexercisestodaytodomorningexercisestoday不定式、动名词作宾语不定式、动名词作宾语一、句型转换一、句型转换一、句型转换一、句型转换 I think it no use doing sth I think it no use doing sth I feel it stupid of him to say such silly things to her I feel it stupid of him to say such silly things to her I find it uneasy for you to learn your subjects well without hard work I find it uneasy for you to learn your subjects well without hard work Can you tell me how many hours it took you to do your homework?Can you tell me how many hours it took you to do your homework?二、二、二、二、A A 下列动词只能带动名词作宾语：记住下面这句话，巧记共下列动词只能带动名词作宾语：记住下面这句话，巧记共下列动词只能带动名词作宾语：记住下面这句话，巧记共下列动词只能带动名词作宾语：记住下面这句话，巧记共3535个多动词个多动词个多动词个多动词Miss Rescall can enjoy five apples at dusk Miss Rescall-miss,mind,risk,recall,resistMiss Rescall-miss,mind,risk,recall,resistCan-cant help,consider,cant resist,complete,cant stand(bear)Can-cant help,consider,cant resist,complete,cant stand(bear)Enjoy enjoy escape,excuse,endure Enjoy enjoy escape,excuse,endure Five finish,fancy feel like,favorite(Five finish,fancy feel like,favorite(利于）利于）利于）利于）imagine,includeimagine,include-advise,avoid,appreciate,admit,allow-advise,avoid,appreciate,admit,allow-practise,postpone,pardon,prevent,put off-practise,postpone,pardon,prevent,put offdusk-delay,understand,suggest,keep(denydusk-delay,understand,suggest,keep(deny否认）否认）否认）否认）D.D.下列动词只能带不定式作宾语：记住下面这句话，下列动词只能带不定式作宾语：记住下面这句话，下列动词只能带不定式作宾语：记住下面这句话，下列动词只能带不定式作宾语：记住下面这句话，(2HD3A4P,worst fem(2HD3A4P,worst fem各一各一各一各一)巧记近巧记近巧记近巧记近2020个多动词个多动词个多动词个多动词afford,agree,attempt,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,manage afford,agree,attempt,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,manage,offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wish,offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wish B B 以以以以介介介介词词词词toto结结结结尾尾尾尾的的的的常常常常用用用用短短短短语语语语be/get be/get used used to,come to,come to,devote to,devote oneself oneself to,to,listen to,look forward to object to/get down to,prefer.to,listen to,look forward to object to/get down to,prefer.to,pay attention to,refer to stick topay attention to,refer to stick to C C 特殊句型特殊句型特殊句型特殊句型 1 spend(waste).(in)doing 1 spend(waste).(in)doing 2 be busy(in)doing 2 be busy(in)doing 3 have difficulty(trouble,fun,pleasure,a good,hard time)in doing 3 have difficulty(trouble,fun,pleasure,a good,hard time)in doing 4 stop prevent.(from)doing 4 stop prevent.(from)doing 5 There is no use no harm no hurry.(in)doing sth 5 There is no use no harm no hurry.(in)doing sth 在在在在forget,remember,regret,want,need,require,try,stop,go on,meanforget,remember,regret,want,need,require,try,stop,go on,mean等动词后，可接不定式等动词后，可接不定式等动词后，可接不定式等动词后，可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语，但含义差别也可接动名词做宾语，但含义差别也可接动名词做宾语，但含义差别也可接动名词做宾语，但含义差别。1 forget,remember,regret+doing 1 forget,remember,regret+doing 动作已经发生动作已经发生动作已经发生动作已经发生+to do+to do 动作未发生动作未发生动作未发生动作未发生2 want,need,require+doing 2 want,need,require+doing 表被动表被动表被动表被动=to be done=to be done注：注：注：注：be worth doing=be worthy to be donebe worth doing=be worthy to be done3 try doing 3 try doing 试着做试着做试着做试着做 try to do try to do 尽力做，想要做尽力做，想要做尽力做，想要做尽力做，想要做4 stop doing 4 stop doing 停止做某事，停止做某事，停止做某事，停止做某事，(先后是一件事先后是一件事先后是一件事先后是一件事).).stop to do stop to do 停下来做某事停下来做某事停下来做某事停下来做某事,(,(先后不是同一件事先后不是同一件事先后不是同一件事先后不是同一件事)5 go on doing 5 go on doing 继续敌某事，继续敌某事，继续敌某事，继续敌某事，(先后先后先后先后 是同一件事是同一件事是同一件事是同一件事)go on to do go on to do 接下来做某事，接下来做某事，接下来做某事，接下来做某事，(先后不是同一件事先后不是同一件事先后不是同一件事先后不是同一件事)6 mean doing 6 mean doing 意味着做某事意味着做某事意味着做某事意味着做某事 mean to do mean to do 故意或想要做某事故意或想要做某事故意或想要做某事故意或想要做某事 7 cant help doing sth 7 cant help doing sth 抑制不住、禁不住做某事抑制不住、禁不住做某事抑制不住、禁不住做某事抑制不住、禁不住做某事 cant help(to)do sth cant help(to)do sth 无帮助、无助于做某事无帮助、无助于做某事无帮助、无助于做某事无帮助、无助于做某事8 ,only to do 8 ,only to do 结果是结果是结果是结果是（出乎预料）（出乎预料）（出乎预料）（出乎预料）,only doing ,only doing 结果是结果是结果是结果是 (必然是必然是必然是必然是)E.注意下列注意下列11 11种不同动词或句型的用法种不同动词或句型的用法 9 prefer to do rather than do 9 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿宁愿宁愿宁愿 而不而不而不而不 prefer doing to doing prefer doing to doing would rather do than do would rather do than do would do rather than do would do rather than do 10 have nothing to do/do nothing but/except do 10 have nothing to do/do nothing but/except do 只好做（别无选择）只好做（别无选择）只好做（别无选择）只好做（别无选择）enjoy doing nothing but doing enjoy doing nothing but doing 只喜欢做只喜欢做只喜欢做只喜欢做 want nothing but to do want nothing but to do 只想做只想做只想做只想做1111在在在在 begin begin,start,start,continue,continue 等等等等词词词词后后后后可可可可接接接接不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语，也也也也可可可可接接接接动动动动名名名名词作宾语，意义区别不大词作宾语，意义区别不大词作宾语，意义区别不大词作宾语，意义区别不大.但要注意但要注意但要注意但要注意1 1）本身是）本身是）本身是）本身是-ing-ing 形式时，其后要接不定式形式时，其后要接不定式形式时，其后要接不定式形式时，其后要接不定式2 2）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多用动名词）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多用动名词）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多用动名词）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多用动名词3 3）主语是物多用不定式）主语是物多用不定式）主语是物多用不定式）主语是物多用不定式4 4）其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关的，不用）其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关的，不用）其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关的，不用）其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关的，不用 v-ing v-ing 形式形式形式形式know,realize,hate,love,understand,wonder,remember,forget know,realize,hate,love,understand,wonder,remember,forget Task:Task:Task:Task:complete the following sentencescomplete the following sentencescomplete the following sentencescomplete the following sentences1.1.Doyouremember_Doyouremember_（以前见过这个人吗）（以前见过这个人吗）（以前见过这个人吗）（以前见过这个人吗）?2.2.Hedenied_Hedenied_（冤枉了他的父母）（冤枉了他的父母）（冤枉了他的父母）（冤枉了他的父母）3.3.Sheregreted_(Sheregreted_(在会上给领导提了意见）在会上给领导提了意见）在会上给领导提了意见）在会上给领导提了意见）.4.4.Dontwastetime_(Dontwastetime_(劝他戒烟）劝他戒烟）劝他戒烟）劝他戒烟）5.5.Iwouldratherstayathome_(Iwouldratherstayathome_(也不出去玩）也不出去玩）也不出去玩）也不出去玩）6.6.Doyouthinkitnecessary_(Doyouthinkitnecessary_(我们学好英语）？我们学好英语）？我们学好英语）？我们学好英语）？7.7.Howlongdidittakeyou_(Howlongdidittakeyou_(写完作文）？写完作文）？写完作文）？写完作文）？8.8.Hehasdonenothingbut_Hehasdonenothingbut_（玩了一整天）（玩了一整天）（玩了一整天）（玩了一整天）.9.9.Onhearingthenews,Tom_(Onhearingthenews,Tom_(抑制不住哭了）抑制不住哭了）抑制不住哭了）抑制不住哭了）.10.10.LittleSophiawentthetheater,only_(LittleSophiawentthetheater,only_(被告知演出结束了）被告知演出结束了）被告知演出结束了）被告知演出结束了）seeingthemanbeforeseeingthemanbeforedoingwrongtotheirparentsdoingwrongtotheirparentsputtingforwardthesuggestiontotheirleaderputtingforwardthesuggestiontotheirleaderadvisinghimtogiveupsmokingadvisinghimtogiveupsmokingthangoouttoplaythangoouttoplayforustolearnEnglishwellforustolearnEnglishwelltofinishedwritingyourcompositiontofinishedwritingyourcompositionplayalldaylongplayalldaylongcouldnthelpcryingcouldnthelpcryingtobetoldthattheperformancehadbeenovertobetoldthattheperformancehadbeenoverMultiplechoice1.Wouldyoumind_thedoor?Multiplechoice1.Wouldyoumind_thedoor?A.A.openB,openingC,toopenD,openedopenB,openingC,toopenD,opened2.2.“So“So muchmuch forfor thethe newnew wordswords andand expressions;expressions;letslets gogo onon_3.3.thetext.”theteachersaidwithasmile.thetext.”theteachersaidwithasmile.A.A.totalkaboutB,talkingaboutC,tobetalkingD,talkabouttotalkaboutB,talkingaboutC,tobetalkingD,talkabout3.3.Imsorry,butIveforgotten_myhomeworkwithme.Imsorry,butIveforgotten_myhomeworkwithme.4.4.A,tobringB,tobebringC,bringingD,broughtA,tobringB,tobebringC,bringingD,brought4.4.Thisroomneeds_.Itstooshabby.Thisroomneeds_.Itstooshabby.A.A.paintB.paintingC.topainD.paintedpaintB.paintingC.topainD.painted5.5.Haveyouconsidered_toimproveyourspokenEnglish?Haveyouconsidered_toimproveyourspokenEnglish?A.practisinglisteningandspeakingB.practisingtolistenandspeakA.practisinglisteningandspeakingB.practisingtolistenandspeakC.topractiselisteningandspeakingD.topractisetolistenandspeakC.topractiselisteningandspeakingD.topractisetolistenandspeak6.Attheageof18hebegan_theimportanceofknowledge.6.Attheageof18hebegan_theimportanceofknowledge.A.understandB.understandingC.understoodD.tounderstandA.understandB.understandingC.understoodD.tounderstand7.Intheolddays,manypeoplecouldntafford_theirchildrento7.Intheolddays,manypeoplecouldntafford_theirchildrentoSchool.A.sentB,sendingC,tosendDsendSchool.A.sentB,sendingC,tosendDsend8.-WehaventheardfromJaneforalongtime.8.-WehaventheardfromJaneforalongtime.-Whatdoyousuppose_toher?-Whatdoyousuppose_toher?A.washappeningB,tohappenC,hashappenedD.havinghappenedA.washappeningB,tohappenC,hashappenedD.havinghappened9.Weallappreciate_wheneveryouhavetime.9.Weallappreciate_wheneveryouhavetime.A.JanedropinB,JanesdroppinginC,JanetodropinD.JanedropsinA.JanedropinB,JanesdroppinginC,JanetodropinD.Janedropsin10.Haveyougotused_inHarbin?10.Haveyougotused_inHarbin?A.tolivingB,toliveC,livingD,tobelivingA.tolivingB,toliveC,livingD,tobeliving11.Nobodyiswillingtogotoapartywithout_.11.Nobodyiswillingtogotoapartywithout_.A.askingB,tobeaskedC,beingaskedD,havingaskedA.askingB,tobeaskedC,beingaskedD,havingasked4,B;5,A;6,D;7,C;8,C;9,B;10,C;11,C4,B;5,A;6,D;7,C;8,C;9,B;10,C;11,C非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词作表语动名词作表语动名词作表语动名词作表语动名词作表语1 1对称原则，主语是动名词，表语一般也用动名词对称原则，主语是动名词，表语一般也用动名词对称原则，主语是动名词，表语一般也用动名词对称原则，主语是动名词，表语一般也用动名词SeeingisbelievingSeeingisbelieving2 2动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容（有时可与主语互换）动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容（有时可与主语互换）动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容（有时可与主语互换）动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容（有时可与主语互换）MyjobisteachingyouEnglishTeachingyouEnglishismyjob.MyjobisteachingyouEnglishTeachingyouEnglishismyjob.不定式作表语不定式作表语不定式作表语不定式作表语:(1)(1)计划，趋势将要做的计划，趋势将要做的计划，趋势将要做的计划，趋势将要做的sheistogetmarriednextweek.sheistogetmarriednextweek.(2)(2)责责责责任任任任，义义义义务务务务必必必必须须须须做做做做的的的的 ImIm toto seesee youyou offoff atat thethe airportairporttomorrowtomorrow(3)(3)祁祁祁祁使使使使,命命命命令令令令不不不不得得得得不不不不做做做做的的的的 YoureYouretotostandstandherehere,do,doyouyouunderstandunderstand.(4)(4)命运安排命运安排命运安排命运安排,注定做的注定做的注定做的注定做的 DisneymetthemouseandhewastobecomeDisneymetthemouseandhewastobecome afamousartist.afamousartist.分词作表语表示主语的特点特征分词作表语表示主语的特点特征分词作表语表示主语的特点特征分词作表语表示主语的特点特征.现在分词表示主动，过去分词表现在分词表示主动，过去分词表现在分词表示主动，过去分词表现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动；不及物动词的过去分词表示完成示被动；不及物动词的过去分词表示完成示被动；不及物动词的过去分词表示完成示被动；不及物动词的过去分词表示完成Thebookisinterestingandthestudentsaremoved.Thebookisinterestingandthestudentsaremoved.Heiscome.Thequestsaregone.Theleavesarefallen.Heiscome.Thequestsaregone.Theleavesarefallen.非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 动名词作定语动名词作定语动名词作定语动名词作定语表示被修饰词用途表示被修饰词用途表示被修饰词用途表示被修饰词用途drinkingwater=thewaterthatis(used)fordrinkingdrinkingwater=thewaterthatis(used)fordrinking drinkingwater,livingroom,sittingroom,washingpowderdrinkingwater,livingroom,sittingroom,washingpowder分词作定语，分词作定语，分词作定语，分词作定语，表被修饰词的特点、特征表被修饰词的特点、特征表被修饰词的特点、特征表被修饰词的特点、特征.单个分词作定语前置，分词单个分词作定语前置，分词单个分词作定语前置，分词单个分词作定语前置，分词短语作定语，放在所修饰词之后。现在分词和过去分词的区别：时短语作定语，放在所修饰词之后。现在分词和过去分词的区别：时短语作定语，放在所修饰词之后。现在分词和过去分词的区别：时短语作定语，放在所修饰词之后。现在分词和过去分词的区别：时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成；语态上，态上，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成；语态上，态上，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成；语态上，态上，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成；语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动boilingwater=thewaterthatisboiling.fallenleaves,boiledwaterboilingwater=thewaterthatisboiling.fallenleaves,boiledwatersleepingchild=thechildwhoisasleepamovingfilm,amovedgirlsleepingchild=thechildwhoisasleepamovingfilm,amovedgirlTherewasasurprisedlookonherfaceatthenews.Therewasasurprisedlookonherfaceatthenews.动词不定式作定动词不定式作定动词不定式作定动词不定式作定1.1.后置，表示将来后置，表示将来后置，表示将来后置，表示将来Intheyearstocome,wewillstudyharderandharder.Intheyearstocome,wewillstudyharderand