英语高三一轮复习系列人教学案导学版文档第二部分重难增分篇第二讲含答案2.docx

第二讲非谓语动词第一课时知识过关课不定式（主动/将来/具体）：I Ie decided io work hard al English.他决定努力学习英语。分类-ing形式动名诃（主动/习惯/抽象）：Leaming is important to us.学习对我们很重要。 现在分同（主动 进行）：We stood there. chatting.我fl 站在那里聊天。-ed形式（过去分诃）（被动/完成）：The novel wrill6nby Mo Yan is very popular.莫言那部小说很流彳j。、名师指津复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点:1.句法作用（除谓语外的其他成分）种类具有下 列词类 之特征在句中的作川主 语宾 语表 语定 语状 语补 语不定式名词、形 容词、副词x/-ing 形式动名词名词77现在分词分词形容词、 副词-cd形式（过去分词）2.时态和语态（以do为例）不定式ing形式过去分词主动一般式to dodoingdone是唯f式进行时to be doing完成时to have donehaving done被动一般式to be donebeing done完成式to have been donehaving been done时态与语态的判断方法:5.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.(陕西卷)答案have-shaving 句中谓语动词为sat,且句中无连词，故have应该改为现在分词短语 作伴随状语。6.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o'clock at night.(全国卷 H)答案 HaveHaving 谓语动词为provides,根据句子结构可知，其前应该为主语，故用动 名词having作主语。第三课时写作增分课非谓语动词在写作中的增分点一、用不定式或动名词作主语写句子1 .如果你想上一个好的大学，学好英语是一件必须做的事情。(be admitted to a key college, learn English well, a must)Learning English well is a must if you want to be admitted to _a_key colle 品(也可用To learn0用Learning时句子表达的是一般常识；用To learn, you指的是具体的一 个人)2 .经常锻炼身体不仅对我们的健康有好处，还可以使我们学习更高效。(take exercise regularly, do a lot of good to, learn more effectively)Taking exeicise regularly will do a lot of good to_ our health, which can al so help, us leam more effectively.3 .现在辍学不是个好主意，你以后会后悔的。(drop out of school, regret)To diop out of school now is not good idea, for which you will icgret in the future.二'用非谓语动词作表语写句子.我的爱好是听音乐和踢足球。(hobby)My hobbies listening to ynusic and playing football.1 .我的职责是照看所有这些花。(duty, take care of)My duty is taking care of all these floweis.2 .我的梦想是上重点大学。(dream, go to a key college)My dream is o go tQ a key college.三、用不定式作宾语、动名词作宾语写句子1 .我下决心尽我最大努力来赶上别人。(determine, do one's best, catch up with others)I determined to try my best to catch up with others.2 .由于下雨，我没能按时到达那里。(because of, fail)Because, of the rain, I failed, o get there on time.3 .我向我们的老师求助，他建议我每天练习说英语。(turn to somebody for help, suggest, practice, speak English)I tumed to oui teacher for help, and he suggested practicing speaking English eveiy day.4 .为什么不试着坐火车去旅行呢？坐火车既舒适又安全。(why not, try doing, comfortable and safe)Why not try iavelling on a tiain? It's comfortable and safe.5 .我想集中注意力学习，但我整天总是情不自禁地想起这个事。(concentrate on, can9t help, keep on thinking about it)try to concentrate on my studies, but I can't help keeping on thinking ab out it all day.6 .除去向你求助，我别无选择。(have no choice, but, turn to)I have no choice but_ to turn to you for help./I have nothing to do but urn to you for help.7 .我盼望快点收到你的来信。(look forward to, hear from)I am looking forward, to hearing from you soon.8 .当谈到学英语，每个人都有自己的方法。(when it comes to, method)When it comes to learning English, everyone, has his own method.四'用非谓语动词作定语写句子.解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。(the best way, solve the problem, depend on)The best way to solve the problem to depend 0n yourself.1 .有许多人认为学生在学校不应带手机。(there be, take.with them at school)There are many people thinking that students, shouldn't take cell phones with them at school.2 .仍有许多问题有待解决。(there be, remain to be done)There aie many problems remaining to be solved.3 .我写信申请昨天中国日报上所登广告的那个职位。(apply for the position, advertise)am writing to apply for the position advertised jn yesterday's China Daily.4 .三分之二被采访的学生说他们赞成这个主意。(two thirds, interview, in favor of)Two thiids of the students inteiviewed say they a】e in favor of the idea.五'使用非谓语动词作状语，轻松写高级句式.因此，他这次考试考得非常好，在班级排第一名。(as a result, rank first)As lesult, he did very well in the exam, lanking first n his class.1 .我相信，你要赶上别人，不会有什么困难。(have trouble, catch up with)I am suie you will have no trouble catching up with others.2 .每节课你都应当认真听讲，尽力不要错过任何要点。(listen with full attention, try to, miss any point)In every lesson, you should listen with full attention, trying not_ to miss any point.3 .我每天夜里睡得都很晚，在为即将到来的考试做准备。(stay up late, make preparations for, the coming exams) Stayed up late every night, making preparations for the coming exams.4 .再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。(give me another chance)Given another chance, I can do better./Give _me another chance, and I can d o better.5 .面对这样一个问题，我不知道该怎么办。(facing/faced with, at a loss)Faced with/Facing such a problem,am at a loss_ what to do.六'使用非谓语动词作宾语补足语写句子.在你离开的时候，不要让(自来)水流着。(leave the water running)Don't leave the water running when you leave.1 .我各沙卮人去机场接你。(have someone do something, pick up)I will have someone pick you up at the airport.2 .我们要求采取更多的措施来阻止这样的事情再次发生。(ask more to, prevent.from)We ask more to be done to prevent such things from happening again.七、用非谓语动词的完成式、进行式' 被动式和否定式写句子.由于没有经常给你写信，我应向你道歉。(owe you an apology)I owe you an apology for not writing more often.1 .不知道该怎么办，我向我们的老师求助。(turn to sb for help)Not knowing what do, I tumed to our teacher for help.2 .我后悔没有听我们老师的建议。(regret, follow one's advice)I regret not following/having followed my teacher's advice.3 .我考试不及格使我的父母非常生气。(failing the exam)My failing the exam made my parents very angiy.4 .我碰巧也去过那里。(happen to, have been there)happened to have been theie before.八'运用独立主格结构，轻松写高级句式.上周六没有课，我们去参观了长城。(there be, pay a visit to)There being no classes last Saturday, we paid a visit to the GreatWalL.我们的校园非常美丽,花儿香，鸟儿唱。(schoolyard, smell sweet, sing happily)Our schoolyard is very beautiful, flowers smelling sweet and birds singing hap 曲.天气很糟，我们不得不放弃爬上山顶的计划。(weather, give up, the top of the mount)The weather being bad, we had to give up the plan to climb upthe top of the mount.1 .每天有如此多的作业要做，我感到身心疲惫。(with, assignment, exhausted, physically and mentally)With so many assignments to complete every day, I feel exhausted physically and mentally.九'用动名词复合结构和动词不定式复合结构写句子.我想学法律专业，但我的父母却坚持让我学医。(major in, insist on, medicine)I would like o major in law, but _my parents insist on _me/my learning me dicine.1 .我还清楚地记得你带着我们参观你们城市的情形，我真的很感激。(remember, show around, appreciate)I still lemember clearly your/you showing us aiound your city and J leally a ppreciate it.2 .他没通过考试使他这几天很不高兴。(failing to pass the exam, make sb upset)His failing to pass the exam made him upset these days.4我们多读点英文故事书的这个建议是解决我们问题的最好办法。(suggestion of, perfect solution to)The suggestion of us/our reading more_ English story books is a perfect soluti on to our problems.5 .如果能为我约定个时间，我将不胜感激。(appreciate doing, make an appointment for)I would appreciate you/your making an appointment for me.6 .你给我如此多实用的建议真是太好了。(it's kind, so many practical suggestions)It's very kind of you to give me so many practical suggestions.'时态:非谓语动词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作 之前，用完成式；否则，就用一般式。语态：当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，用主 、动式；是被动关系，用被动式。3 .非谓语动词的逻辑主语充当句子成分宾语和表语状语定语宾补逻辑主语句子的主语所修饰的词句子的宾语4 .有特殊要求的动词或动词短语 有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。如ask, demand（要求），plan, intend, mean（计戈tl）, manage, do/try one9s best, make an attempt, learn（学习），wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer（希望、愿意），agree, promise（同意）, decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up one's mind（决定），offer（主动提出），apply（申 请），help（帮助），fail（不能、没有），prepare（准备），pretend（假装），refuse（拒绝），happen（碰巧）, afford（负担得起）等。（2）有的动词或动词短语后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。如allow, permit（允许），consider（考 虑），suggest, advise（建议）,keep（on）（反复;不停），finish（完成），imagine（想象），practise（练 习），understand（明白），appreciate, enjoy（喜欢），miss（错过；怀念）,prevent（阻止）,forbid（禁 止），escape（避免）,include（包括）,forgive, pardon, excuse（原谅）,dislike（厌恶）,discuss（讨 论）,report（报道），admit（承认）,mind（介意），risk（冒险），can't stand（不能忍受）,burst out（突 然开始）,feel like（想要），insist on（坚持）,delay（推迟,延误），put off（推迟），give up（放弃）， be busy（忙于），be worth（值得）等。下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同：remember to do（记住去做）， remember doing（记得做过）；forget to do（忘记去做），forget doing（忘记做过）；regret to do（遗憾 地做），regret doing（后悔做了）； try to do（设法做），try doing（试做）；go on to do（接着做另一事）, go on doing（继续做同一事）；mean to do（打算做），mean doing（意味着）；stop to do（停下来去做）, stop doing（停止做）；canl help to do（不能帮助做），caift help doing（情不自禁做）。prevent/stop/keep.from 定句式（其中有的介词有时会被省略）：prevent/stop/keep.from doing（阻 止做）；spend/waste time or money in doing（在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱）；How/What about doing sth（做怎么样？）； have some difficulty/trouble in doing（在做方面有些困难）;have a hard time in doing sth（做某事很艰难）;there is no sense in doing（做是没有理由/道理的）；thank/excuse/admire/praise/blame/scold/punish sb for doing sth（因做某事而感 谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人）等。devote.to/be 多，常见的有：look forward to（盼望），devote.to/be devoted to（致力于），be/get used to（习惯），lead to（导致），get down to（开始认真），pay attention to（注意）,refer to（谈到），point to（指 向）,turn to（转向），object to（反对）,be equal to（等于，能胜任），belong to（属于）等。（6）在表示“需要”的need, want, require等后用o.ing的主动式表示被动含义，此时也可 用不定式的被动式。在make, let, have（使，让）等使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号t。，但在被动 语态后作主补时要加上to。在hear, see, watch等感官动词后，作宾补时，用原形表示动作 全过程；用现在分词表示当时动作正在发生；若是被动语态，原形前要加上t。此外，表示情感的动词，其分词作形容词用时，仇一ing表示“令人的”事物；o.一ed表 示“感到的"。如：surprising令人吃惊的（事物）；surprised（人）感到吃惊的。、熟读深思读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，留意领悟黑体画线的非谓语动词。思考：是哪类 非谓语动词，在句中作什么成分。gentlemen.Iton, Ladies and gentlemen.lt is a great honor for me t。 jntrodnceWcontest.Asish speech contest.As we all know , to master21 us .Taking_partuage is very important for us.Taking part in English speech is a helpful way tq jear口 English Evervone wants tq §how their best.When we have been preparing for it , we can improve our listening aM speaking ability, developingt7J a good habit of learning E11 或 ish 网In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the rules madg by ps First, you should make your voice heard1101 clearly by everyone, so reading aloud"" is very necessary.Second, you should try your best to express1121 yourself in English fluently.Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes.I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied1131 with our performance.Thank you!1 .to introduce this English speech contest是不定式作真正的主语，it是形式主语。2 .to master a foreign language 也是不定式作主语。3 .Taking part in English speech 是动名词短语作主语。4 .to learn English是不定式作定语，修饰way。5 .to show their best是不定式作宾语，在want, hope, decide等动词后，若用动词作宾语，只 能用不定式。6 .listening and speaking是动名词作定语，修饰ability,表示类别。7.developing a good habit of learning English 是现在分词短语作状语。1.1 earning English是动名词短语作介词of的宾语。9 .made by us是过去分词短语作后置定语。10 .heard clearly by everyone是过去分词短语作宾补。11 .reading aloud是动名词短语作主语。12 .to express yourself in English fluently 是不定式作 i 的状语。13 .satisfied是过去分词作形容词，在句中作表语，意为“感到满意的”。、灵活运用I .单句填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空)1 .Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing(wear)sunglasses.2.1 noticed a man sitting(sit)at the front.3.He spat it out, saying(say) it was awful.4.She wished that he was as easy to please(please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.5.For example, the proverb, "plucking up a crop to help(help) it grow”, is based on the following story.6.Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.7.His first book to be published(publish) next month is based on a true story.8.Lydia doesn't feel like studying(study) abroad.Her parents are old.9.Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying(say) nothing about the argument.10.1 had great difficulty finding(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.11.It rained heavily in the south, causing(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.12.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and weighing(weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.13.1 can't stand working(work) with Jane in the same office.She just refuses to stop(stop) talking04/14while she works.14.As a result of the serious flood , two thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing/to be lepaired(reDair).15.Isn't it time you got down to marking(mark) the papers?16.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting(set) up some schools for poor children. 17.Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 191L is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 18.Li Jian put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded(remind) of his own dreams.19 . Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy had got a chance to become famous.20 .Claire had her luggage checked(check) an hour before her plane left.21 .Alexander tried to get his work recognized(recognize) in the medical circles.22 .A great number of students questioned(question) said they were forced to practise the piano.n.单句改错(下列每句中最多有两处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请 指出并改正。)»动词不定式1 .He managed escape from the fir已在 manage 后力口 to.Nothing will make me to change my mind.去掉 to2 .Mary doesn't have to be made learn because she always works hard.在 be_ made 后力口 to.He hurried to the train station, only find the train had gone.在 find 前力口 to3 .Tired from work, he wants to do nothing but to watch TV,去掉 watch 前的 to.At present, I have no choice but wait.在 but 后力口 to4 .You feel stressed out.Why not having a chat with our teachers ? havingf havedon't think it possible to mastering a foreign language without much memory work, masteringf master9 .Fve worked with children before, so I know what expect in my new job.在 expect 前力口 to.A11 of you can have another try if you want.在 want 后力口 to»动词一ing形式11.In our city, there are a lot of restaurants that serving western food.去掉 that/servingserve12.You can't imagine how excited it is to listen to top scientists share their prediction on what the world will be like in a century.excitedexciting13.Sit beside me, my beloved daughter gave me a vivid description of what she experienced in herdream .SitSitting14.We were kept to waiting for quite a long time before the host turned up.去掉 waiting 前的 to15.On the Dragon Boat Festival, we saw the seashore crowded with people watched the dragon boat iace. watched f watchinglt is no good copy the answer without trying to understand it.copyf copying17 .Missing the train mean waiting for another hour.meanmeans.The majority of the people questioned in an online survey are opposed to increase retirement age, increasef increasing18 .As a senior 3 student preparing for the coming test, he spends most of his time improve this problem-solving ability.improvvimproving.lt is reported that the hurricane caused great damage to the constructions of the town, with tens of hundreds of houses destroyed by the fallen trees.faHenf falling»动词一ed形式.Now when people refer to England you find Wales including as well.includingf included21 .Exhausting, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.Exhaustingf Exhausted.The paintings being stolen from the museum haven't been found.去掉 stolen 前的 boieg22 .The murderer was brought in, with his hands tying behind.tyings tied.Mr.Smith, tired of the bored speech, started to read a novvl.boredf boring23 .Seeing from the space, the earth looks blue.Seeing->Seen.The architects inviting by the king thought highly of the brid