专题03阅读理解说明文-2023年高考英语阅读完形名校好题100篇(原卷版).docx

阅读理解说明文1. 2022北京人大附中校考三模2. 2022江苏南京南京市第一中学校考一模3. 2022吉林长春长春吉大附中实验学校校考模拟预测4. 2023浙江舟山舟山中学校考模拟预测5. 2022山东山东省实验中学校考模拟预测6. 2022湖北武汉武汉二中校考模拟预测7. 2022.广东.华南师大附中校考一模8. 2022重庆重庆一中校考模拟预测9. 2021.四川成都成都外国语学校校考模拟预测10. 2022全国高考真题A(2022北京人大附中校考三模)The art of fabric dyeing is an ancient one dating back to 3500 BC. Over the centuries we humans have sought to brighten our appearance with clothing that reflects the vibrant natural colours seen in nature, and many colourants were originally sourced from the natural world around us.Waste chemicals from the dyes themselves arc often highly toxic Azo dyes which account for 60 70 per cent of all dyes used become toxic when broken down and metabolized and the fixing agents used which can contain formaldehyd and chlorine compounds, are no better, with links to allergies and cancer, not only hazardous to humans but also to the environment.When synthetic dyes were discovered in 1856 an even greater array of colours became possible, and with the advent of the industrial revolution the fabric industry boomed. In the modern age, consumer demand fuels the fashion houses and colour is king: but the dyeing of fabrics comes at a price.In total over 8(X)() chemicals have been identified as being used in the dyeing process, many of which have been noted as hazardous to health. Add to this the vast amount of water required for the dyeing process in which huge water baths arc needed at every stage of the process and we can see why the industry is one of the most environmentally damaging on earth, responsible for at least 17 20 per cent of total water pollution.So is there another way? Well synthetic biologist Orr Yarkoni certainly thinks so. His company CoIorifix have pioneered a new technique which bypasses traditional dyeing techniques in favour of an approach based on nature'sWhat is the author's purpose of writing this passage?A. To introduce the advantages of cooperation.B. To compare cooperation with competition.C. Td suggest enhancing competitive skills.D. To advocate teaching children to cooperate.G（2022广东华南师大附中校考一模）Washing clothes by hand sounds like a simple task, but for many women around the world it can do harm to their well-being and living. What would you do with your time if you could spend less time washing your clothes? "Paid vork, replied A leas, a 49-ycar-old woman from a family of 10 with no access to an electric washing machine. She spent 8-12 hours every week washing everyone's clothes by hand and described how the required body position of sitting on her feet caused her back pain.Washing Machine Project provides low-income communities with an accessible washing solution. Its task is to help women save （he time to take charge of their lives. t4A mother or a child doesn't have to spend 20 hours a week washing clothes by hand, said Nav Sawhney, an engineering student at University of Bath in the UK.Sawhney has created a movable washing machine that is operated by hand. He came up with the idea when Divya, a woman he met in southern India, explained the struggle of washing clothes without a machine. This burden is often shouldered by women and girls in many developing countries. Now, Sawhney's washing machines, which he named Divya after the woman, could greatly reduce the time of washing clothes and allow women and young girls to receive education and have paid work.After research in Iraq. Lebanon, the Philippines and Jordan, as well as India, Sawhney came up with a machine that uses only 10 liters of water every time, compared with 30 by a typical electric machine, extremely important in places where water is short Il's also made out of things that are easy to get and replace, which means it doesn't need much money to make it. Sawhney and his volunteers won the support of University of Bath, and already received orders from Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda.24. What does washing clothes by hand mean to Aleas?A. A hard way of making a living.B. A simple method of killing time.C. The tiring housework she has to do.D. The family duty she volunteers to do.25. Why was the washing machine named after Divya?A.She inspired the invention.B.She helped with the design.C.She was the first to order it.D.She thought up the idea first.26. What can we learn about the washing machine “Divya”?A.It is cheap and water-saving.B.It is mainly promoted in India.C.It is shared by a community.D.It is free to use.27. What is the main purpose of Sawhney's washing machines?A. To develop (he market in developing countries.B. To reduce women's burden in low-income areas.C. Td take the place of traditional washing machines.D. To wash clothes in an cnvironmentally-friendly way.H(2022重庆重庆一中校考模拟预测)Social media giant Meta (formerly Facebook) says it has created a supercomputer that it expects to be the world's fastest when it is completed later this year. Meta has recently announced that the supercomputer is currently operating and calls it the AI Research SuperCluster, or RSC.Meta hopes RSC will help build entirely new AI systems that can, for example, power real-time voice translation to large groups of people, each speaking a different language. Such an operation fits with Meta's stated goal of developing technologies to build a future umetaverse, a term used to describe a non-physical world. Meta's CEO Mark Zuckerberg says, UI believe the metaverse, a highly virtual world where people in the world gather to socialize, play, and work is the next chapter fbr the Internet." Such a system requires very powerfi.il computers. The supercomputer will be able to deal with written information, images and videos that are in hundreds of different languages, up to 20 times faster than current systems.Meta said with access to “real-world examples,' from its social platfbnns, its supercomputer will train new AI to recognize different kinds of content and perform actions examining huge amounts of data. It added that data used will be encrypted before entering the training process to ensure that it is not accessible without authority.Now, Meta still uses a combination of humans and AI to identify and remove, what it considers, harmful content and misinformation. Some critics say the company is not doing enough to block bad content. It has also face government examination over its business methods and users' privacy in the United States and Europe. But the company believes its supercomputer will be helpflil in “its first priority no threatening users' infbmiationsecurity while approaching harmful contcnt.What can we infer about the metaverse in Paragraph 2?A. The metaverse is designed to escape from life for fun.B. Meta's CEO Mark Zuckerberg created the metaverse.C. Current technology is not sufficient for the metaverse.D. The metaverse will replace the Internet in the next step.30. What can take the place of the underlined word ''encrypted” in Paragraph 3?A. Recorded. B. Processed. C. Acquired.D. Exchanged.31. What is the major concern tor Meta when dealing with harmful content?A. The removal of bad content.B. The identification of information.C. The protection of users' privacy.D. The combination of humans and AI.32. Which of the following can be the best title fbr the text?A. RSC: a faster way to deal with data. B. Meta: a company dedicated to the metaverse.C. Meta: a social media platform to train new AI. D. RSC: Meta' fastest supercomputer in the world.I（2021四川成都成都外国语学校校考模拟预测）Not only does the use of plastic waler bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $ 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.It is a convenient, clear water hottie that can either be drunken or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane（薄膜）or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour （he water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles（水泡）without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind aslitter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied a patent for their new advancements. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but （hey cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London, San Francisco, Boston, a（ conferences, festivals, and so on.Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $ 1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest while the production machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a risc,so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.33. How is most plastic dealt with in America?A. It's sold.C. It's buried.34. Why did the team invent Ooho?A. To make a profit fbr a company.C. To make people eat as they drink.B. It's recycled.D. It's wasted.B. To protect the environtnent.D. To reduce the cost of plastic bottle.35. What can we infer about Ooho from the text?A. It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.B. It has become popular since it began to be sold.C. It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.D. It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.36. What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph?A. Ooho is to be a success in the future.B. Ooho is being supported by smart people.C. Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.D. Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.J（2022全国高考真题）Can a small group of drones （无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky,5 technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施)worldwide arc safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (i高效)across the board.That includes huge savings in mainienance costs and better protection of railway personnel safely. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services fbr railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don,t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of (he train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and (ravelling ahead of the (rain could guide i( like a co-pilot. With (heir ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in lime.37. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones* ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones5 reliable performance in remote areas.38. What docs “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.39. What function is expected of the rail drones?A.Td provide early warning.B.Td make trains run automatically.C.To eam profits fbr thecrews.D.To accelerate transportation.40. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesHow Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedWhat Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceHow Drones Will Change the Future of Railwaysown methods. Rather than fighting nature he believes we need to tap into it in order to solve the complex environmental issues that challenge us today.Colorifix is very much inspired from nature'' he says, “nature has created a whole palette of colours that we see on a daily basis''.Sourcing colours from a range of natural pigments, he then engineers microorganisms using DNA to convert agricullural by-products into dyes. When the microorganisms burst, they “fix" ihe colour to the fabric, thus reducing the need fbr massive amounts of water. The organisms (hemselves can be grown, or fermented, once the DNA code fbr the necessary colourant has been implanted and this natural reproduction is fast and efficient. Overall the whole process uses less water, produces less waste, and needs far less chemicals. A new way forward inspired by nature.1. According to the passage, dyeing fabrics comes at a price because.A. The dyeing materials arc poisonousThe dyeing materials are rather expensiveThe dyeing process pollutes the environmentThe dyeing process needs plenty of water2. What is a feature of (he dyeing technique proposed by CoIori fix?A. It is environmentally friendly.B. It takes a longer time to acquire raw materials.C. It employs natural color which does not stay long.D. It needs less water but produces poisonous pollutants.3. What can we infer from the passage?A. The dyeing process can be pollution free.B. Dyeing fabrics causes (he main pollutants.C. The color of nature only comes from plants.D. Human has a long history of pursuing beautiful “color”.4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?A. Breathing life into a dyeing artB. History of dyeing industryC. Unknown danger behind dyeingD. Color comes with a priceB（2022江苏南京南京市第一中学校考 i模）Metin Sitti at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, and his colleagues ha