黄金卷04 (赢在高考 黄金8卷)备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版）.docx

【赢在高考黄金8卷】备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版）黄金卷04第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I've been farming sheep on a hillside ibr 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.One morning I 1 a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his scat.Lamb and mother 2.1 turned back to (he tractor only to see i( move suddenlyaway from me. This was so3 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.Obviously, Don had somehow made the 4 move.My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the 5.1 randesperately but failed to 6. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. Thelast thing I saw was Don's face, looking calmly back at me.Heart in mouth, I reached (he fence and looked over. The tractor was 7 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously (奇迹般地)crossed the8 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn't see Don, but as I 9 the tractor, he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt and raced back to me. Don was given a special10 that night I didn't want him to think I was angry with him.1. A. droppedB. spottedC. carriedD. returnedA. freedB. switchedC. reunitedD. examined we're trained fbr this!” Dominic added.(约瑟夫说，“你肯定会的，因为我们每个人都会这 么做。“我们没想太多，我们只是想把她弄出来就是这样！再说，我们受过训练!”多 米尼克说。)”可知，他们救人时没有想那么多，只是想把人救起来而已。由此推知，尽 管他们现在被视为英雄，但很低调。故选C项。3. A. unexpected B. dangerousC. embarrassingD. difficultCAbout 20 years ago, Daniel Hoffman, a classically trained violinist met a young musician playing in the town square in Marrakech, an ancient city in Morocco. They communicated in the little French they both knew, but their main common language was music. On the back of a motorbike of the fellow violinist, Hoffman weaved through the back streets of the city and then learned his first lessons in Andalusian music, the classical music of North Africa.That experience gave birth to an idea: What would it be like to try to learn how to play different violin styles around the world in just one week? Oh. yes, and at the end of that week, play a concert. He even got a name fbr the concept “musical extreme sports.It (ook him almost two decades (o launch that dream with a friend, who introduced him to the wonders of Kickstarter, a funding platform for creative projects. Up to now, the dream has taken the form of a new documentary currently airing on American public television stations called “Otherwise, It's Just Firewood.”In the documentary, Hoffman travels to County Clare, Ireland, where he takes lessons with James Kelly, a master Irish violin player, for less than a week and then performs together with him in front of an audience, many of whom are star Irish musicians.The film is what Hoffman hopes will be the first of an eventual series of short documentaries, showing him learning to play the violin in a variety of styles, including the folk music of south India, Sweden, Greece, Romania, and West Virginia.That would add to his extensive repertoire (全部曲 目),which already includes Balkan, Middle Eastern, and Turkish styles. tlThc big joke is what's the difference between the fiddle and the violin? Il's the person who plays il,“ says Niall Keegan, a traditional flute player. "Il's (he music you make on it (hat makes it Irish or English or French or classical or jazz or whatever else. It's how we imagine it and how we create through it that make it and give it character.''“Otherwise, it's just firewood/' he says, words that became the film's title.28. Where does Hoffman idea of musical extreme sports come from?A. His exploration of the local music.B. His cooperation with the young violinist.C. His sightseeing tour on a motorbike seat.D. His constantly changing taste in violin styles.29. According to the passage, the series of documentaries.A. help Hoffman to become a master violin playerare funded by American public television stationsB. introduce different styles of musicians around the worldrecord Hoffinan's experience in learning various violin styles30. The title of the documentary “Otherwise, It's Just Firewood“ is used to emphasize A. the power of diversified artistic expression the pleasure in learning traditional music C. the technique of instrument playing D. the importance of famous artists【答案】28. A 29. D 30. A【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小提琴家Daniel Hoffman尝试学习如何演 奏世界各地不同风格的小提琴，并将这段经历拍成了纪录片。28.细节理解题。根据第一段“On the back of a motorbike of the fellow violinist, Hoflman weaved through the back streets of the city and then learned his first lessons in Andalusian music, the classical music of North Africa.（坐在小提琴手同伴的摩托车后座上，霍夫曼穿 梭于城市的后街，然后开始学习安达卢西亚音乐，这是北非的占典音乐。）”和第二段“That experience gave birth to an idea: What would it be like to try to learn how to play different violin styles around the world in just one week? Oh. yes, and at the end of that week, play a concert. He even got a name fbr the concept 4musical extreme sports'.（这段经历让我产生了 一个想法：在短短一周的时间里，尝试学习如何演奏世界各地不同风格的小提琴，会是 什么感觉?哦。是的，在那个周末，开一场音乐会。他甚至为“音乐极限运动''这个概念 取了个名字。）”可知，霍夫曼关于音乐极限运动的想法来自于对北非当地音乐的探索。 故选Ao29.细节理解题。根据第五段“The film is what Hoffman hopes will be the first of an eventual series of short documentaries, showing him learning to play the violin in a variety of styles, including the folk music of south India, Sweden, Greece, Romania, and West Virginia. （霍夫曼希望这部电影能成为系列短纪录片的第部，展示他如何学习以各种风格拉 小提琴，包括南印度、瑞典、希腊、罗马尼亚和西弗吉尼亚州的民间音乐。）”可知，这 个系列纪录片记录了霍夫曼学习各种小提琴风格的经历。故选Do30.推理判断题。根据第六段“'The big joke is what's the difference between the fiddle and the violin? It's the person who plays it,' says Niall Keegan, a traditional flute player. 'It's the music you make on it that makes it Irish or English or French or classical or jazz or whatever else. It's how we imagine it and how we create through it that make it and give it character/ （“最大的笑话是fiddle和violin有什么区别?”，传统长笛演奏家尼尔基根说：”是你在.I： 面演奏的音乐让它成为爱尔兰音乐、英国音乐、法国音乐、占典音乐、爵士乐或其他任 何音乐。是我们如何想象它，如何通过它创造，成就并赋予了它个性。可推知，小 提琴的价值在于多元的艺术表现，你在上面演奏的音乐赋予它个性，“否则，它就是一 根木柴”，所以纪录片的标题“Otherwise, Ms Just Firewood”强调了多元艺术表达的力量。 故选A。DHumans are fascinated by the source of their failings and virtues. This preoccupation inevitably leads to an old debate: whether nature or nurture （养育）shapes us more. A revolution in genetics has poised this as a modern political question about the character of our society: if personalities are hard-wired into our genes, what can governments do to help us? It feels morally questionable, yet claims of genetic selection by intelligence are making headlines.This is down to “hereditarian （遗传论的）“ science and a recent paper claimed “differences in exam performance between pupils attending extraordinary and ordinary schools mirror the genetic differences between them”. With such an assertion, the work was predictably greeted by a lot of absurd claims about “genetics determining academic success”. What the research revealed was the rather less surprising result: the educational benefits of extraordinary schools largely disappear once pupils5 inbom ability and socio-economic background were taken into account. That is to say, there's nothing to support strongly either a hereditary or environmental argument.Yet the paper does say children are ''unintentionally genetically selected'' by the school system. Central to hereditarian science is a tali claim: that identifiable variations in genetic sequences can predict an individual's ability to learn, reason and solve problems. This is problematic on many levels. A teacher could not seriously tell a parent their child has a low genetic tendency to study when external factors clearly exist. Unlike-minded academics say the inheritability of human traits is scientifically unsound. At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence. Yet sophisticated statistics arc used to create a frightening atmosphere of scientific certainty.While ihere's an undoubted genetic basis to individual difference, it is wrong to think (hat socially defined groups can be genetically accounted for. The fixation on genes as destiny is surely false too. Medical predictability can rarely be based on DNA alone; the environment matters too. Something as complex as intellect is likely to be affected by many factors beyond genes. If hereditarians want to advance their cause it will require more balanced interpretation and not just acts of advocacy. Genetic selection is a way of exerting influence over others, “the ultimate collective control of human destinies,“ as writer H. G. Wells put it. Knowledge becomes power and power requires a sense of responsibility. In understanding cognitive (认 知的)ability, we must not elevate discrimination to a science: allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest. This will need a more skeptical eye on the science. As technology progresses, we all have a duty to make sure that we shape a future that we would want to find ourselves in.31. What did a recent research paper claim?A. The type of school students attend makes a difference to (heir future.B. Genetic differences between students are far greater than supposed.C. Students' academic performance is somewhat determined by their genes.D. The advantages of extraordinaiy schools are too obvious to ignore.32. What docs the author say about the relationship between DNA and intelligence?A. It is one of scientific certainty.B. It is not one of cause and effect.C. It is subject to interpretation of statistics.D. It is no( fully examined by genescientists.33. What do hereditarians need to do to make their claims convincing?A. Take all relevant factors into account in inteipreting their data.B. Conduct their research using more sophisticated technology.C. Gather gene data from people of all social classes.D. Cooperate with social scientists in their research.34. Whal does the author wam against in the passage?A. Losing sight of professional ethics in conducting research.B. Misunderstanding the findings of human cognition research.C. Promoting discrimination in the name of science.D. Exaggerating the power of technology in shaping the world.【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要通过最近的一篇论文提醒大家，要以科学的视角来看 待事物，不能以科学的名义鼓吹歧视。31 .细节理解题。根据第二段“a recent paper claimed "differences in exam performance between pupils attending extraordinary and ordinary schools mirror the genetic differences between them”.”（最近的一篇论文称“就读于特殊学校和普通学校的学生在考试成绩上的 差异，反映了他们之间的遗传差异”）可知，这篇论文称：学生的学习成绩在某种程度上 取决于他们的基因。故选C。32 .细节理解题。根据第三段“At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence.''（充其量，DNA和智力之间只有微弱的统计关联，而 没有因果关系）可知，在作者看来，基因和智力之间没有因果关系。故选B。33 .细节理解题。根据最后一段“If hereditarians want to advance their cause it will require more balanced interpretation and not just acts of advocacy.” （如果遗传学家想要推进他们的 事业，就需要更加平衡的解释，而不仅仅是倡导行为）可知，遗传学家想要让他们的观 点更加的让人信服，在解释他们的数据时就要考虑所有相关因素，有更加平衡的解释。 故选Ao.推理判断题。根据最后一段“In understanding cognitive （认知的）ability, we must not elevate discrimination to a science: allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest. This will need a more skeptical eye on the science.”（在理解认知能 力方面，我们绝不能把歧视提升为一门科学：只允许人们在细胞可能暗示的范围内攀登 生命的阶梯。这将需要一个更加怀疑的眼睛对科学）可知，作者反对的是以科学的名义 鼓吹歧视。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Public Speaking and Critical ThinkingWhat is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it's a matter of logic - of being able to spot weaknesses in other people's arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking (he ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas.35 The greatest thinkers, scientists, andinventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking.36 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good dealof time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If (he structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have.37What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking.38 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately.39 As you learn to listen critically tospeeches in class, you will be better able to assess (he ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.A. Rathen it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.【答案】35. D 36. E 37. A 38. F 39. G【导语】本文是一篇说明文。公共演讲需要批判性思维，本文介绍的是如何提升演讲者 的批判性思维。35. 根据下文中的"The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.（最 伟大的思想家、科学家和发明家经常将现成的信息以不同的方式组合在一起，以产生新 的想法。）”可知,此空处的内容与new ideas相关。选项D“It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.（人们常说，世界上很少有新思想， 只有重组的思想。户符合题意。故选D项。36. 根据下文中“As the class goes on, fbr example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches.（例如，随着课程的进行，您可能会花费大量时间组织演讲。）” 以及下 句“While this may seem like a purely mechanical exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking.（尽管这似乎是一种纯粹的机械练习，但它与批判性思维密切相关。户 可知，该空处讲述的内容与speaking class相关。选项E的内容“If you are wondering what （his has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lol.（如果你想知道这与 你的公开演讲课有什么关系，答案是很多。户位于段首，引出下文中讲述的话题。故选 E项。37. 根据 上文“Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you al