新高考英语二轮复习讲义高频解密05形容词和副词（原卷版）.docx

2021年新高考英语二轮复习讲义+典例训练高频解密05形容词和副词考点详解【命题趋势】1 .对与形容词和副词有关的构词法的考查仍会成为语法填空的重点之一。2 .形容词、副词的题目侧重考查考生在具体语境中灵活运用形容词、副词的能力。3 .高考主要考查：形容词和副词的比较等级；形容词和副词之间的转换；名词转 换为形容词等。【考法指导】形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点 主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式 考查考生。1 .形容词可作定语、表语、补语。因此，在做语法填空时，若句子缺定语、表语或补语， 要首先想到用形容词。2 .副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或整个句子。因此当设空 处作状语时，首先考虑要填副词。3 .做语篇型语法填空时，考生还需根据上下文及形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型来判断。短文改错中，本该用形容词时却用了副词或其他词性，或本该用副词却用了形容词，要 根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断。此外平时复习时还要注意一些常见的形容词副词辨析。考向1形容词、副词的比较等级一、平级比较L ”as +形容词+ (a/an) +名词+ as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自 所在的位置。寸It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2. ” as+形容词/副词的原级+ as "与" not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+ as ”表示同级比较，economic一economicallyscientific一scientificallyenergetic一energeticallyeconomic一economicallyscientific一scientificallyenergetic一energeticallybasic一basicallyautomatic一automatically.以辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y,如：simplesimplyconsiderable一considerablyterrible一terriblygentle一gentlypossible一possiblyprobable一probably元音字母加le时加ly,如：sole-solelyo但是whole-wholly例外。5 .以-11结尾时,只须加-y,如：dulldullyshrillshrilly需注意：有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：friendly peoplemotherly carelovely dogmonthly examheavenly peacea manly sport二、形容词后缀1. -able以“一able”结尾的形容词一般有两种情况：（1）v. + able-adj.以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能的”、“可以（被） 的”、“适合于的”、“值得的”等，即有被动含义。reliable （可以依靠的）drinkable （可以饮用的）eatable （可食用的）（2） n. + able->adj.这种形容词意为“具有特点的”。valuable （有价值的）reasonable （有道理的）comfortable （舒适的）。2. -al该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。不过，有些“一al”后缀则仅体现了该词 的形容词性，并非以这种方式构成形容词。“一al”意为“属于的” “有特性的”。 如：actual, medical 等。3. ful这一后缀有两种情况：加在名词之后构成形容词，表示“充满的” ”有性质的"，如beautiful,colourful,helpful,powerful,successful,useful,wonderful o加在动词之后，所构成的形容词意为“易于的"，如forgetful。4. -ical “一ical”同“ic” 一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词，意为“的”、“ 似的”、“与有关的“，如 physical,political,practical,technical 等。注意：有些形容词的词尾可能是“一ic”和“一ical”并存，且可以互相替代，但这不是说两者 就没有任何区别。一般来说，词尾“ic”与词根的关系比较密切，而词尾“ical”与词根的 关系比较含糊，一般作“与有关的”解。 请比较：an electric light (电灯)，electrical engineering(电气工程)historic意为“历史上有名气的"，historical则意为“关于历史的”。 以“ic”结尾的形容词，其相应副词 则往往是pacfcally,scientifically。5. -ive “一ive”意为“的”、”与有关的"、“具有性质的”等。如：native, active,passive,attentive,expensiveo-less “一less”加在名词、动词后，表示“无”、"缺”。6. - (i) ous该形容词后缀意为“充满的”、"具有特征的"，加在名词、动词 和形容词 之后 o 例如：curious,famous,dangerous,obvious,poisonous,serious,various。(2016全国新课标卷 I ) The title will be (offical) given to me at a ceremony in London.【答案】officially【解析】修饰动词given应用副词。(2015全国新课标卷H)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modem of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able) to "air condition, a house without 4 (use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow)during cool nights, thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cool) the house during the hot day:7 the same time, they warm up again for the night Thiscycle 8 (go) day after day: The walls warm up During the day and cool off during the nightand thus always a timely offset什氐消）for the outside temperatures. As 9 （nature） architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.1. built【解析】the adobe dwellings与build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定 语。2. the【解析】根据下文的most可知，这里是形容词的最高级，所以用the。3. ability【解析】根据上文的their可知此处应用名词。4. using【解析】without是介词,后面接动名词。5. slowly【解析】slowly副词修饰动词短语give out。6. to cool【解析】adj.+enough+to do sth.意思是“足够以至于at【解析】at the same time固定短语，意为"同时”。7. goes【解析】这句话讲的是一个事实，所以用一般现在时。主语为单数，所以用第三人称 单数形式。8. natural【解析】形容词修饰后面的名词。9. how【解析】thick是形容词，用how修饰形容词，表示墙需要有多厚。难点详解意义有别的同根副词hard努力地near附近high 高most大多数deep深入地wide广阔地late 迟close靠近free自由地just正好hardly几乎不nearly几乎，将近highly高度地mostly主要地 de叩ly深深地 widely广泛地 lately最近，近来closely密切地freely免费地justly 公正地检测训练（高考真题+名校检测）一、单项选择1.（2017全国卷）A woman and a child had a escape yesterday when their car left the road.A.closeB.smallC. narrowD.near2. （2017.全国卷）2. （2017.全国卷）My brother lent me the money,I couldn't have afforded the trip.A.FurthermoreB.OtherwiseC.MoreoverD.Nevertheless3. （2020江苏卷）3. （2020江苏卷）The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant anchange in our life and work.A. absurdB.abruptC.allergicD.authentic4. （2020天津卷）According to Professor Johnson, we don't have to read the book if we don't want to, as it isA.worthwhileB.necessaryC.optionalD.serious5. （2020天津卷） With the widespread use of the Internet, communications across the world have developed over the years.A.steadilyB.differentlyC.independentlyD.formally（2019江苏卷）Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people options toexercise.A.casualB.regularC.flexibleD.tight（2016江苏卷） His comprehensive surveys have provided the most statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.A.explicitB.ambiguousC.originalD.arbitrary6. （2018江苏卷） Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is to invest insufficient training for his staff.A.keenB.reluctantC.anxiousD.ready7. （2009天津卷）I'm not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a imagination.A.clearB.cautiousC.funnyC.funnyD.vivid10. （2010.福建卷）Drunk driving, which was once aoccurrence, is now under control.A.generalB.frequentC.normal.particular11. （2007江苏卷）With April 18's railway speedup, highway and air transport will have tocompete withservice for passengers.A.goodB. betterC.bestD.the best12. （2017江苏卷）The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomicalincidents. Butexplanations are hard to find.A. al ternativeB.aggressiveC.ambiguousD.apparent13. （2017江苏卷）Only five years after Steve Jobs5 death, smart-phones defeatedPCsin sales.A.controversialB.contradictoryC.confidentialD.conventional14. （2017天津卷）一I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.I'm sorry, but he is notat the moment, for the meeting hasn't ended.A.busyB.activeC.concernedD.available15. （2012湖1 匕卷）Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained people are still looking for other possible solutions.B.relevantA.unchallengedC.controversialC.controversialD.contradictory16. （2012浙江卷）17. （2012浙江卷）Mike was usually so careful,this time he made a small mistake.A.yetB.stillC.evenD.thus18. （2016浙江卷）In this article , you need to back up general statements withexamples.A.specificB. permanentC. abstractD.universal18. （2012湖南卷）18. （2012湖南卷）Bicycling is good exercise;,it does not pollute the air.A.neverthelessB.besidesC.otherwiseD. therefore（2016浙江卷）A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,if you are travelling at high speed.A.eventuallyB. strangelyC. merelyD.especially19. （2015浙江卷）Listening is thus an active, not a, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.A.considerateB.sensitiveC.reliableD.passive20. （2015浙江卷）Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was alive.A.steadilyB.instantlyC. formerlyD.permanently21. （2015四川卷）Andy is content with the toy. It is he has ever got.A.a betterB.the betterC.a bestD.the best22. （2015江苏卷）The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and review of the case.A.comprehensiveB.complicatedC.consciousD.constant23. （20151胡 J匕卷）The girl used to be shy, but is getting active in group work and is morewilling to express herself.A.graduallyB.usuallyC.previouslyD.merely24. （2015胡；|匕卷）Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be.A.accurateB.punctualC.efficientD.reasonable25. 一 Actually,you hurt Mary yesterday.Sorry,! didn't mean to be so.A.ambitiousB.abruptC. a wk wardD.allergic27,Now that you are in charge of the department, you are to carry out the plan.A.voluntaryB.boundC.anxiousD.ambitious.While the content of tobacco advertising may not be targeted at teenagers, the attractiveimages in the ads are impressive to them.A.explicitlyB.extremelyC.elegantlyD.ethnically.Most labor in the past has been replaced by modern machines.A.manualB.liberalC.fragileD.casual1 don't think it serves anyone if you force yourself to be selfless in a way that's notA.optimisticB.systematicC. automaticD.authentic.The first Winter Olympic Games took place in 1924. It had a participation of only 293athletes from 16 countries.A. narrowB.shallowC.modestD.slight.一Were you hurt in the accident?一I was shocked, but wasn't hurt at all. My car was damaged,.A.insteadB.otherwiseC.anywayD.though.Love will always be a topic of interest regardless of race, religion or nationality.A.spiritualB.universalC.fundamentalD.conventional.The city has its pleasures, but Christine wished for the quiet of country life.A.evenB.thusC.eitherD.instead.Or students, preparing for Gaokao is a difficult but challenge that will shape their future.A.controversialB.arbitraryC.tentativeD.worthwhile36.Visitors who have booked tickets online can show their ID cards or other documents toenter the museum.A.blankB.validC.lameD.plain37.It's a(n)choice between taking the job and staying out of work.Better not waste more time on it!A.straightB.flexibleC.intelligentD.important38.Mary is very towards her colleagues in the company, so they are willing to cooperatewith her.A.sensitiveB.considerateC.thankfulD.aggressive39.It seems that the waiter knows you well.一You are right. I am one of the bar*s customers.A.currentB.regularC.potentialD.frequent40.People tend to doubt whether paintings purchased at a relatively low price are authentic A.authenticB.controversialC. tentativeD.flexible二、语法填空Luoyang is one of the cities in China 4L artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed like never before. Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple 4Z (build) in the city. This special spot is not only the hometown of China's most famous 乱 (invent) including papermaking, printing and the compass, but also home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters.Today, Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year. Located in the middle reaches (中游) of the Yellow River in Central China's Henan Province and 44. (surround) by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies 4S. important strategic (战略的)location.As one of China's ancient capitals, Luoyang was a seat of power for 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid historical and 46. (culture) background. Its long history endows (赋予)it with rich culture, which is 47. (easy) seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is also well known 48. the"City of Peony”. In spring, many tourists travel to Luoyang 49. (appreciate) the beautiful peony. Luoyang is now an energetic and charming tourist place that 50. (welcome) guests from all over the world to explore its glorious past.即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同（不同）。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。【特别提醒】as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。如：寸The building is as tall as 100 meters. = The building is 100 meters tall.这栋楼有 100 米。©Believe it or not, swimming is as any to lose unwanted weight.A. a way as goodB.as a good wayC. as a way goodD.as good a way【答案】D【解析】 考查固定短语。as.as表示"和一样"，固定表达方式有“ as + adj./adv.+as " “ as + adj. + a/an + n.+as ” 等。It's getting dark, but Mr. Chen is still at his office.一No surprise. Who else can work as（hard） as him?【答案】hard【解析】句意:天黑了，但是陈先生还在办公室。不奇怪，还有谁像他一样那么努 力工作呢？此处用Who else can work as hard as him表示Mr. Chen工作最卖力。二、比较级.比较级的修饰语有：rather, much, still, any（否定句、疑问句中）,even, far, a lot, a bit, a little, a great deal 等。少He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。才The book is better by far than that one.这本书比那本书要好得多。1 .比较级的常见结构：（1）“比较级+than”结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。寸You look much younger than I do.你看上去比我年轻多了。bShe doesn't work harder than you.她工作不如你努力。（2）由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级more "比多”，后接复数名词或不可数名词6 have more news books than my cousin.bHe has more milk than I.less “比少”，后接不可数名词才He has less water than me.fewer "比少”，后接复数名词者They have fewer flowers than we .3.比较级的特殊结构(1) The more,the more. .表示“越，就越"(more代表比较级)寸The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。bThe happier you are, the more friends you will make.你越快乐，你将会交越多的朋友。2. “比较级+比较级”和“more and more+多音节词原级”表示“越来越”bOur school is cleaner and cleaner.我们的校园越来越干净。寸Our city becames more and more beautiful.我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。3. ” the+比较级+ofthetwo +名词”表示“两者中较的那个”。牙The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4. “no+比较级+than”结构表示“和一样不”“not+比较级+than”结构意为“不及”，表示前者不如后者才You are no taller than I.你和我一样矮。才My handwriting is not better than yours.我的书法没有你的好。(2017江苏卷任务型阅读)The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71)than it was in the 20th.【答案】lower【解析】根据 n declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21 stn 可知,21 世纪的出生率 比20世纪低，且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修饰比较级，故填lowero(2017新课标 I 卷语法填空)As65(a) result, people will eat more food to try to makeup for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.【答案】worse【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。(3) 一How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016?一I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was than T expected.A. even much interestingB. far more interestingC. so far interestingD. far from interesting【答案】B【解析】考查形容词。根据后面的“than I expected可知，此处运用比较级more interesting, 而far可以修饰比较级。故选B。 My brother is much at tennis than me. He has won every match between us.A. worseB. worstC. betterD. best【答案】c【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：我哥哥比我更擅长网球。他赢了我们之间的所有比赛。 根据than可知此处应用比较级,排除BD两项;结合句意可知应用good的比较级better, 故选C。三、最高级.最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like。才The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。寸I'd like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。1 .最高级意义的表达法the +最高级+比较范围防This apple is the biggest of the five.never.a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数6 have never read a better book than this.比较级+than + any other+单数名词Y 比较级+ than + all the other +复数名词也较级 + than + anyone else比较级+ than + any of the other +复数名词比较级+ than + the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词eg:朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)©Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.Julia is the tallest girl in her class.否定词+比较级=最高级。身There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。寸一Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的