新应用大学英语第一册新版课件unit-4-honesty (2).ppt

新应用大学英语第一册新版课件unit-4-honesty After studying this unit,you will be able to:know the importance of telling the truth;understand the real meaning of honesty;write a paragraph in chronological order;use the present participle and the past participle correctly;plan an on-campus event to promote the virtue of honesty.ObjectivesContent123456Further ReadingFurther ReadingContentTask 1 Are you an honest person?Please have a self-reflection and evaluate your honesty.I am truthful,sincere and straightforward.Yes or No I never lie,cheat or steal.Yes or No I tell white lies occasionally.Yes or No I dont intentionally mislead others.Yes or No I think/I dont think I am an honest person because _Clip 1Clip 1Clip 2Clip 2Pamela MeyerPinocchioPartA_1Task 2 Have you ever cheated in exams?In your opinion,why do some students cheat in exams?Work in pairs to discuss this question and then propose some possible solutions.ReasonsReasonsSolutionsSolutionsNot fully prepared for an exam;Spending more time preparing for an exam;Having no confidence in passing an exam;Correctly understanding the purpose of taking an exam;Wanting to score high in an exam;Correctly understanding the meaning of getting high scores;No one really gets punished for cheating.Cheating behavior should be taken seriously and punished accordingly._TextTextText OrganizationText OrganizationComprehensionComprehensionVocabularyVocabularyStructureTranslationTopic Preview:Most of us tell about 11 lies a day.One little white lie here,another there.It seems that your pants arent going to catch on fire and your nose isnt growing longer.So what would it hurt?Actually plenty.A new study suggests that honesty may indeed be the best policy,for both your mental and physical health.How Telling the Truth How Telling the Truth Could Boost Your HealthCould Boost Your Health 3 The studys author is Anita E.Kelly,a psychology professor at the University of Notre Dame who runs a Templeton Foundation-funded research project called The Science of Honesty.She presented findings from the projects latest study at the national convention of the American Psychological Association last week and wrote about them at her Psychology Today blog,“Insight.”1 A man goes to see his doctor.He says,“Doctor,I want to be healthier.”The doctor says,“No problem.From now on,always mean what you say.”2 That may sound like the start of a joke,but its actually a short version of results from a new study suggesting that sincerity and honesty are keys to good health.Translation4 Kelly and her team found 72 adults and randomly assigned them to two groups:a Sincerity group and a Control group.The Control group wasnt given specific instructions(other than theyd be in a study for the next five weeks,topic uninformed),but the Sincerity group was given the following instructions:5 “Throughout every day of the next five weeks,you must speak honestly,truthfully,and sincerely not only about the big things,but also about the small things,such as why you were late.You must always mean what you say in situations where your statements are to be taken seriously,as opposed to when joking or obviously exaggerating.While you certainly can choose not to answer questions,you must always mean what you say.”Translation6 During the next five weeks,both groups came to the lab for periodic polygraph tests and standard measures of physical health.By the final week,Kelly says that the results were“amazing.”The Sincerity group reported significantly less physical health problems than the Control groupespecially fewer sore throats,headaches,and nausea.They also reported fewer mental health complaints like feeling tense.7 The average age of the study participants was 41,and other than the Sincerity groups instructions to“always mean what you say,”there were no other major distinctions between the groups.The important factor over the five-week period was always telling the truth.Translation8 Arguably,honesty is not the normal state of affairs for most humans.Research from lying expert Robert Feldman suggests that about 60 percent of us have a hard time getting through a ten minute conversation without lying at least twice.Kelly estimates that the average person lies about 11 times a day.Perhaps all of that lying causes a continual level of physical and mental stress that handicaps our immune system.9 Why might it have taken five weeks to see results?Possibly because it takes a while for the average human to retool for honesty.According to Kelly,“Being sincere is a process.”Going from daily lying to a clean slate takes time.It could also be that the health benefits of telling the truth increase slowly.Translation10 Whatever the case,the results are intriguing.Kelly adds her personal story at her blog,saying,“Ever since the fall,I too have been following these instructions.Normally I get 8 hours of sleep and have 5-7 colds in a winter.Now at only 3 hours of sleep,I have never been sick since the fall.”11 If youre skeptical that sincerity and honesty can boost health,the studys methodology is certainly simple enough(though its execution may be anything but simple)to give a try and see what happens.If you do,let us know how it goes.Translation 讲真话促健康讲真话促健康 1 有一个人去看医生。他对医生说：“医生，我想要更健康。”医生回答道：“没问题。从现在起，你要保持诚实。”2 这听起来像一个笑话的开头，但是事实上它简要概括了一项新研究的研究结果。该研究结果表明真挚和诚实是身体健康的关键。3 诺特丹大学心理学教授阿妮塔E凯利主持了这个由邓普顿基金会资助的研究项目“诚实的科学”。在上星期的美国心理学会全体大会上，她介绍了这个项目的最新研究成果，并且在她的今日心理学博客“见解”上谈到了这项研究。参考译文参考译文参考译文参考译文：4 凯利和她的团队找来了72名成年人，随机地把他们分为两组：诚实组和对照组。对照组没有获得任何特别的指示（除了被告知他们接下来要参加一个为期五周的实验，实验主题未知）；诚实组得到的指示如下：5“在接下来五周的每一天里，你的言语一定要诚实、真实和真诚事无巨细都得实话实说，比如：你为什么迟到。你所说的话必须真实可靠，就如在你的言论会被认真对待的情况下，不是开玩笑或者吹牛。当然，你可以选择不回答问题，但是你所说的一切必须是真实的。”6 在接下来的五周里，两组人员定期去实验室接受测谎试验和身体健康标准测量。到最后一周，凯利发现实验结果“非常令人吃惊”。诚实组报告的身体健康问题明显要比对照组少特别是喉咙疼、头疼、恶心反胃等症状少很多。同时他们也较少有感到紧张等心理问题。7 这项研究的参与者的平均年龄为41岁，除了诚实组被告知“必须要一直说实话”以外，两组参与者没有其他明显的不同之处。影响这个实验的重要因素就是，在五周的时间里诚实组的成员要一直说实话。8 可以说，诚实并不是大多数人的常态。撒谎研究专家罗伯特费尔德曼的研究表明，大约有60%的人会在一次十分钟的交谈中至少撒谎两次。据凯利估计，一个普通人一天大概会撒谎11次。也许正是因为撒谎所引起的持续的身心压力损害了我们的免疫系统。9 为什么需要五周的时间才可能获得研究结果呢？也许是因为一般人需要经过一段时间才能具备诚实的品质。凯利认为“做到诚实需要一个过程”，从每天撒谎到改过自新需要一定的时间。也有可能说实话给身体健康带来的好处是慢慢呈现出来的。10 无论如何，该研究结果引人注目。在凯利的博客里，她还分享了其个人经历：“从秋天起，我也在遵守这些讲实话的指令。通常，我每天的睡眠时间为8个小时，在冬天会感冒5至7次。现在，我每天只睡3个小时，但从秋天开始没有生过一次病。”11 这项研究的实验方法非常简单（虽然实施过程决非容易），如果你对诚实能够促进健康持怀疑态度，你可以试试，看看会发生什么。如果你照这样做了，请告诉我们结果。Part 1 Part 1 (1 2)(1 2)introduces the topic.Part 2 Part 2 (3 9)(3 9)introduces the research project and its findings.Part 3 Part 3 (10-11)(10-11)Text OrganizationText Organizationcalls upon people to try the method of telling the truth.1.That may sound like the start of a joke,but its actually a short version of results from a new study suggesting that sincerity and honesty are keys to good health.1)画线部分为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰results，该部分可改写为定语从句which suggest that sincerity and honesty are keys to good health。2)be keys to:be important factors or elements to 是的关键 e.g.Investment and knowledge are keys to a countrys advance.2.The studys author is Anita E.Kelly,a psychology professor at the University of Notre Dame who runs a Templeton Foundation-funded research project called The Science of Honesty.1)画线部分为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的 research project。该部分可改写为定语从句which is called The Science of Honesty。2)a Templeton Foundation-funded research project 包含了复合形容词的一种构词方法：“名词+v.-ed”，Templeton Foundation作为一个专有名词与过去分词funded用连字符连接，构成一个复合形容词来修饰research project。再如：a state-run factory,heart-feltthanks。3.randomly:ad.任意地，随便地 e.g.He was drawing something randomly on a piece of paper when waiting for his dish.【同义词组】at random:随便地，任意地4.other than:除以外；不，非，而不是 e.g.Sean was starving,but he found nothing was left in the refrigerator other than a carton of yogurt.There were three passers-by at the scene other than the victim.I want to visit Europe other than America.【辨析】except:除了 besides:除以外，还 rather than:而不是5.throughout:prep.during the whole period of 从始至终;in or into every part of 遍及 e.g.They have never had a quarrel throughout their marriage.People were worried as the disease spread throughout the country.6.take sth.seriously:be serious about sth.认真对待某事 e.g.Dont wander around every day.You should take your duty seriously.7.as opposed to:in contrast to 与截然相反 e.g.Students should be encouraged to express their ideas,asopposed to being spoon-fed.【拓展】oppose to/against:与相对抗 be opposite to:在对面；与相反8.Arguably,honesty is not the normal state of affairs formost humans.1)该句可以解释为：It is arguable that most people are usually not honest.2)arguable:a.capable of being supported by argument可论证的，可断言的;capable of being doubted有争议的，有疑义的 e.g.Its arguable that honesty is always the best policy.Its arguable whether it is the best solution.9.get through:完成；熬过 e.g.Barry got through his homework by midnight.The old poor man didnt get through this winter.【拓展】get through to sb.:接通某人的电话；使某人理解，懂得10.estimate:vt.估计，估算 e.g.The cost of the project has been estimated at about 10million dollars.【辨析】calculate:v.估计，计算 evaluate:v.评价，评估11.retool:v.1.使自己适应；做好准备（常作retool for）2.重组，重新安排；更换，重装 e.g.The company is retooling its sales strategies.re-作为前缀，可加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词。re-主要有以下意思：表示“回”或“向后”，如return、recall；表示“再，重新，重复”，如review、restart；表示“相反，反对”，如reverse、resist。12.Going from daily lying to a clean slate takes time.该句中a clean slate意为“清白的历史，良好的记录”。（Its an English idiom which means that everything bad or wrong someone has done in the past is forgiven or forgotten,and they can make a new start.)e.g.He looked forward to starting his life again with a clean slate.13.Whatever the case,the results are intriguing.1)whatever在该句中为连接代词，引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么，不管怎样”。whatever还可以用作关系代词，引导名词性从句，意为“任何东西，一切东西”。e.g.Dont lose your heart whatever difficulties you meet.Ill just say whatever comes into my head.2)intriguing:a.激起兴趣的，引发好奇心的 e.g.This kind of toy is quite intriguing to kids.【拓展】intrigue:vt.激起兴趣，引发好奇心 vi.搞阴谋诡计14.skeptical:a.怀疑的 其常见用法为：be skeptical of/about 对怀疑。e.g.He is skeptical about her sincerity.16.anything but:决不，根本不 e.g.I was anything but happy about going.【辨析】nothing but:只有，仅仅，不过15.execution:n.U 实施，执行 e.g.The plans were finally put into execution.【拓展】execute:v.实施，执行Task 1 Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F)according to the text.(F)1 Jokes could make people relaxed,so they can boost their health.(F)2 The Sincerity group wasnt given any instructions except that they were selected for a study.(F)3 There are many significant distinctions between the two groups.(T)4 People in the Sincerity group were asked to tell nothing but the truth._ComprehensionComprehension_Task 1 Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F)according to the text.(F)5 In the end of the study,the Sincerity group reported less physical health problems but more mental problems.(T)6 It takes five weeks to see results because it takes time for people to regain the virtue of honesty.(T)7 Kelly has also been following the instructions of telling the truth and her health has been improved.(F)8 The studys methodology is not simple,so it can only be conducted by scientists.ComprehensionComprehension_RESEARCH REPORTRESEARCH REPORTThe ProcessFind 72 adults and assign them to two groups:The Sincerity groupThe Control groupInstructionsSpeak honestly,truthfully,and sincerely.No specific instructions.Task 2 Complete the following research report according to the text.Write no more than three words on each line.ComprehensionComprehensionFindingsLess physical problems,especially fewer sore throats,headaches and nausea;and fewer mental problems.ReasonsLying causes a continual level of physical and mental stress which may handicap our immune system .SuggestionsTry this methodology and see what will happen._1 sincerity the quality of being truthful and frank2 uninformed lacking knowledge or information3 assign send someone for a task or duty4 obviously in a way that is easy to see5 participant someone who takes part in an activity6 significantly in an important way7 boost contribute to the progress or growth of something8 stress pressure or worry resulting from difficultiesTask 1 Work out the words on the left according to their meanings on the right._VocabularyVocabulary_Task 2 Complete the following sentences with the words or phrases given below.Change the form if necessary.fundtensedistinctionassignestimategetthroughhandicapanythingbut1 Telling lies will handicap a persons health.2 Roberts research has been funded by several big companies in the IT industry.3 Jenny felt tense in the interview and her mind went blank.4 There are obvious distinctions between country music and folk songs.5 To achieve your goal is anything but daydreaming.6 Michelle was assigned to take charge of the new project.7 The tornado destroyed our house,but somehow we got through unharmed.8 The cost of repairing the car was estimated at over 4,000 dollars._VocabularyVocabulary_Task 3 Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the word bank.You may not use any of the words more than once.A)assignmentsB)applyC)opposedD)checkE)academicF)presentG)downloadH)significant Honesty is important for your education.You wont learn how to write if you simply(1)G papers from the Internet.You wont learn French or computer programming if you dont complete the(2)A by yourself.If you dont do the earlier work yourself,you will simply lose the chance to(3)D what you have learned.Even your mistakes can be valuable.Theyll show you and your teachers where you need more help and more practice.Correcting your mistakes is a(n)(4)H part of learning.As (5)C to honest work,if you are caught cheating,youll miss what is most valuable about college:getting a real education.The only way to get that education is to work honestly._VocabularyVocabulary_Task 3 Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the word bank.You may not use any of the words more than once.What does it mean to do honest work?When you say you did the work by yourself,you actually did it.When you rely on others work,you cite it.When you(6)F research materials,they should be fair and truthful.Thats true whether the research involves data,documents,or writings of other scholars.Of course,there are plenty of detailed rules about (7)E honesty.They(8)B to everybody in college,students and teachers alike.Follow them and youll do fine._VocabularyVocabulary_Task 1 Combine two short sentences into a long one after the model.Model 1:You must speak honestly,truthfully,and sincerely about the big things.You must speak honestly,truthfully,and sincerely about the small things,such as why you were late.You must speak honestly,truthfully,and sincerely not only about the big things,but also about the small things,such as why you were late.1 The participants were shocked by the sudden change of the super stars attitude.The organizer was shocked by the sudden change of the super stars attitude,too.Not only the participants but also the organizer was shocked by the sudden change of the super stars attitude._StructureStructureTask 1 Combine two short sentences into a long one after the model.2 She had th