初中英语语法总结--倒装.pdf

1 倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here，there,now，then，thus 等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用 be,come，go，lie，run。There goes the bell。Then came the chairman。Here is your letter.2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词.Out rushed a missile from under the bomber。Ahead sat an old woman.注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装.Here he comes。Away they went.2 倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does 或 did,并将其置于主语之前.1）句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no，not，never,seldom，little,hardly,at no time，in no way,not until 等。Never have I seen such a performance。Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room。当 Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装,从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep。典型例题1）Why can t I smoke here？At no time_ in the meeting room A。is smoking permitted B。smoking is permitted C.smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 答案 A。这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括 no，little，hardly,seldom，never，not only,not until等。本题的正常语序是Smoking is permitted in the meetingroom at no time.2)Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is。A。man did know B.man know C。didnt man know D.did man know 答案 D。看到 Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个.改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th。现在将 not 提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装如 Not onlybut also,Hardly/Scarcelywhen，No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift，he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her。No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily。A。the game began B。has the game begun C。did the game begin D.had the game begun 答案 D。以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句（谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有 never，seldom，scarcely，little，few，not,hardly,以及 not only but（also）,no sooner than，hardly when scarcely when 等等。注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的 Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构.Not only you but also I am fond of music。4 so，neither，nor 作部分倒装以 so/neither起首的倒装句，结构为so/neither+谓语（助动词/be 动词/情态动词)+主语，用于说明上文所描述的情况也同样适用于下文的人或物。该结构中谓语动词的选择在形式上要和上文的谓语保持一致，数要由下文的主语来决定。注意，在“so+谓语+主语”的结构中，主语是另外的人或物,而在“so+主语+谓语 的结构中，主语仍是上文的人或物，表示对上文所讲事实的肯定或强调,如，She can play the piano，so she can。（她会弹钢琴，她的确会。)（1)He can sing a lot of English songs，so can she.他会唱很多英语歌曲，她也是.（2)She speaks English very well，so do I。她英语说得好，我也是。(3）Li Lei hasnt read this book,neither has Lin Feng.李蕾没看过这本书，林风也没看过.She went to school just now。So did I.她刚才去学校了，我也是She has finished the work。So have I。她已经完成了工作,我也完成了.She will go to school。So will he.她将去学校，他也是。典型例题-Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother？-I don t know，_。A.nor dont I care B.nor do I care C.I don t care neither D。I don t care also 答案：B。nor 为增补意思”也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A 错在用 don t 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D 缺乏连词。注意:当 so 引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此.Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.-It s raining hard.-So it is。5 only在句首要倒装的情况Only in this way，can you learn English well。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill,does he ever stay in bed.6 as,though 引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前）。注意：1）句首名词不能带任何冠词。2）句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will，he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily。注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和 yet 可连用7 其他部分倒装1）so that 句型中的 so 位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch。2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中:May you all be happy。3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had，should 等词，可将 if 省略，把were，had，should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you，I would try it again。典型例题：1)Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat is A.man did know B。man knew C。didnt man know D.did man know 答案为 D。否定词 Not 在句首,要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2）Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted。A。didnt I realize B。did I realize C。I didn t realize D。I realize 答案为 B。3)Do you know Tom bought a new car？I dont know，_。A。nor dont I care B。nor do I care C。I don t care neither D。I don t care also 解析：答案为B.句中的 nor 引出部分倒装结构,表示 也不。由 so，neither，nor 引导的倒装句,表示前一情况的重复出现。其中，so 用于肯定句，而 neither，nor 用在否定句中。