大学英语竞赛改错(20220319204942).pdf

1 1.Until the very latest moment of his existence,man has been bound to the planet on which he originated and developed.Now he had the capability to leave that planet S1._ and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only directly.Men have explored S2._ parts of the moon,put spaceships in orbit around another planet and possibly within the decade will land into another S3._ planet and explore it.Can we be too bold as to S4._ suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet S5._ within the not-too-distant future?Some have advocated such a procedure as a solution to the population problem:ship the excess people off to the moon.But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might S6._ spend in carrying out the project.To maintain the earths population at its present level.we would have to blast off into space 7,500 people every hour of every day of the year.Why are we spending so little money on space S7._ exploration?Consider the great need for improving S8._ many aspects of the global environment,one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources that they are poured into the space exploration efforts.S9._ But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions.S10._ 00.6 When you start talking about good and bad manners you immediately start meeting difficulties.Many people just cannot agree what they mean.We asked a lady,who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the way they occupied the S1._ space around them for example,when such a person walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of S2._ others.Such people never bump into other people.However,a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners.S3._ Instead,this other person told us a story,it he S4._ said was quite well known,about an American who had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries S5._ of the Middle East.The American hasnt been S6._ told very much about the kind of food he might expect.If he had known about American food,he S7._ might have behaved better.2 Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked,to him,very much as a napkin(餐巾).S8._ Picking it up,he put it into his collar,so that it falls across his shirt.His Arab host,who had been S9._ watching,said of nothing,but immediately copied S10._ the action of his guest.And that,said this second person,was a fine example of good manners.01.6 More people die of tuberculosis(结核病)than of any other disease caused by a single agent.This has probably been the case in quite a while.During the early stages of S1._ the industrial revolution,perhaps one in every seventh S2._ deaths in Europes crowded cities were caused by the S3._ disease.From now on,though,western eyes,missing the S4._ global picture,saw the trouble going into decline.With occasional breaks for war,the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily S5._ through the 19th and 20th centuries.In the 1950s,the introduction of antibiotics(抗菌素)strengthened the trend in rich countries,and the antibiotics were allowed to be imported to poor countries.Medical researchers S6._ declared victory and withdrew.They are wrong.In the mid-1980s the frequency of S7._ infections and deaths started to pick up again around the world.Where tuberculosis vanished,it came back;in S8._ many places where it had never been away,it grew better.S9._ The World Health Organization estimates that 1.7 billion people(a third of the earths population)suffer from tuberculosis.Even when the infection rate was falling,population growth kept the number of clinical cases more or less constantly at 8 million a year.Around S10._ 3 million of those people died,nearly all of them in poor countries.02.1 Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior.Viewing biologically,the modern footballer is revealed as a S1._ member of a disguised hunting pack.His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth.If his aim is inaccurate S2._ and he scores a goal,enjoys the hunters triumph of killing his prey.3 S3._ To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors.They spent over a S4._ million year evolving as co-operative hunters.Their very survival S5._ depended on success in the hunting-field.Under this pressure their whole way of life,even if their bodies,became radically changed.They became S6._ chasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwers and prey-killers.They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers.S7._ Then,about ten thousand years ago,when this immensely long S8._ formative period of hunting for food,they became farmers.Their improved intelligence,so vital to their old hunting life,were put to a new S9._ use-that of penning(把关在圈中),controlling and domesticating their prey.The food was there on the farms,awaiting their needs.The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival.S10._ 02.6 A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities,except in their scale.Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new one.And any large or rich city is going to attract poor S1._ immigrants,who flood in,filling with hopes of prosperity S2._ which are then often disappointing.There are backward towns on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia,just as though there were S3._ on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nine-teenth-century Paris.This is new is the scale.Descriptions S4._ written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico City,and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there,S5._ are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today the S6._ poor can still be numbered in millions.The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity,but behind it lies two myths:the myth of the city as a S7._ promised land,that attracts immigrants from rural poverty S8._ and brings it flooding into city centers,and the myth of the S9._ country as a Garden of Eden,which,a few generations late,S10._ sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.03.6 The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm thathas recognized the need for change and done something aboutit.In the newspaper industry,papers must reflect the diversityof the communities to which they provide information.4 It must reflect that diversity with their news coverage or risk S1._losing their readers interest and their advertisers support.Operating within Seattle,which has 20 percents racialS2._minorities,the paper has put into place policies andprocedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce.The S3._underlying reason for the change is that for information to befair,appropriate,and subjective,it should be reported by theS4._same kind of population that reads it.A diversity committee composed of reporters,editors,andphotographers meets regularly to value the Seattle TimesS5._content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff aboutdiversity issues.In an addition,the paper instituted a contentS6._audit(审查)that evaluates the frequency and manner ofrepresentation of woman and people of color in photographs.S7._Early audits showed that minorities were pictured far tooinfrequently and were pictured with a disproportionate number of negative articles.The audit results fromS8._improvement in the frequency of majority representation andS9._their portrayal in neutral or positive situations.And,with aS10._result,the Seattle Times has improved as a newspaper.The diversity training and content audits helped the SeattleTimes Company to win the Personnel Journal Optimal Awardfor excellence in managing change.03.9 Home,sweet home is a phrase that expresses an essential attitude in the United States.Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet.The cherished ideal of home has great S1._ importance for many people.This ideal is a vital part of the American dream.This dream,dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of the American West,was to find a piece of place,build a house for ones S2._ family,and started a farm.These small households were portraits of S3._ independence:the entire family-mother,father,children,even grandparents live in a small house and working together to supportS4._ each other.Anyone understood the life and death importance of family S5._ cooperation and hard work.Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms,but the ideal of home ownership is just as strong in the twentieth5 S6._ century as it was in the nineteenth.When U.S,soldiers came home before World War II,for S7._ example,they dreamed of buying houses and starting families.But there S8._ was a tremendous boom in home building.The new houses,typically in the suburbs,were often small and more or less identical,but it S9._ satisfied a deep need.Many regarded the single-family house the basis ofS10._ their way of life.03.12 Thomas Malthus published his Essay on the Principle of Population almost 200 years ago.Ever since then,forecasters have being warning that worldwide famine was just around the S1_ next corner.The fast-growing populations demand for food,they warned,would soon exceed their supply,leading to S2_ widespread food shortages and starvation.But in reality,the worlds total grain harvest has risen steadily over the years.Except for relative isolated trouble spots S3_ like present-day Somalia,and occasional years of good harvests,S4_ the worlds food crisis has remained just around the corner.Most experts believe this can continue even as if the population S5_ doubles by the mid-21st century,although feeding 10 billion people will not be easy for politics,economic and environmental S6_ reasons.Optimists point to concrete examples of continued improvements in yield.In Africa,by instance,improved seed,S7_ more fertilizer and advanced growing practices have more than double corn and wheat yields in an experiment.Elsewhere,rice S8_ experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few stems S9_ and more seeds.There is no guarantee that plant breeders can continue to develop new,higher-yielding crop,but most researchers see their success to date as reason for hope.6 S10_ 04.6 Culture refers to the social heritage of a people-the learned patterns for thinking,feeling and acting that characterize a population or society,include the expression of these S1._ patterns in material things.Culture is compose of non-material S2._ culture-abstract creations like values,beliefs,customs and institutional arrangements and material culture-physical object like cooking pots,computers and bathtubs.S3._ In sum,culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything S4._ we make.In ordinary speech,a person of culture is the individual can speak another language-the person who S5._ is unfamiliar with the arts,music,literature,philosophy,or S6._ history.But to sociologists,to be human is to be cultured,because of culture is the common world of experience we S7._ share with other members of our group.Culture is essentially to our humanness.It provides a S8._ kind of map for relating to others.Consider how you find your way about social life.How do you know how to act in a classroom,or a department store,or toward a person who smiles or laugh at you?S9._ Your culture supplies you by broad,standardized,S10._ ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.Therefore,if we know a persons culture,we can understand and even predict a good deal of his behavior.05.1 The World Health Organization(WHO)says its ten-year campaign to remove leprosy(麻风病)as a world health problem has been successful.Doctor Brundtland,head of the WHO,says a number of leprosy cases around the world has S1._ been cut of ninety percent during the past ten years.She says S2._ efforts are continuing to complete end the disease.S3._ Leprosy is caused by bacteria spread through liquid from the nose and mouth.The disease mainly effects the skin and S4._ nerves.However,if leprosy is not treated it can cause permanent damage for the skin,nerves,eyes,arms or legs.S5._ In 1999,an international campaign began to end leprosy.The WHO,governments of countries most affected by the disease,and several other groups are part of the campaign.This alliance guarantees that all leprosy patients,even they S6._ are poor,have a right to the most modern treatment.Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a disease 7 that requires life-long treatments by medical experts.Instead,patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy.This S7._ modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months,depend on the form of the disease.The treatment combines S8._ several drugs taken daily or once a month.The WHO has given multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five S9._ years.The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to target the countries which still threatened by leprosy.Among S10_ the estimated 600,000 victims around the world,the WHO believes about 70%are in India.The disease also remains a problem in Africa and South America.05.12 Every week hundreds of CVs(简历)land on our desks.We ve seen it all:CVs printed on pink paper,CVs that are 10 pages long and CVs with silly mistakes in first paragraph.A S1 _ good CV is your passport to an interview and,ultimate,to S2_ the job you want.Initial impressions are vital,and a badly presented CV could mean acceptance,regardless of whats in it.S3_ Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile.S4_ Print your CV on good-quality white paper.CVs with flowery backgrounds or pink paper will stand out upon all the wrong reasons.S5_ Get someone to check for spelling and grammatical errors,because a spell-checker will pick up every S6_ mistake.CVs with errors will be rejectedit shows that you dont pay attention to detail.Restrict your self to one or two pages,and listing any publications or referees on a separate sheet.S7_ If you are sending your CV electronically,check the formatting by sending it to yourself first.keep up S8_ the format simple.Do not send a photo unless specifically requested.If you have to send on,make sure it is one taking in a S9_ professional setting,rather than a holiday snap.Getting the presentation right is just the first step.What about the content?The Rule here is to keep it factual and truthful-exaggerations usually get find out.And remember S10_ to tailor your CV to each different job.06.6 Until recently,dyslexia and other reading problems were a mystery to most teachers and parents.As a result,too many 8 kids passed through school without master the printed page.S1_ Some were treated as mentally deficient;many were left functionally illiterate(文盲的),unable to ever meet their potential.But in the last several years,theres been arevolution in that weve learned about reading and dyslexia.S2_ Scientists are using a variety of new imaging techniques to watch the brain at work