英沃国际英语测试卷4.docx

英沃国际英语-大学英语六级测试卷4(满分710,及格425,时间2h)Part I Writing (30 minutes)满分 106.5Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 inures to write a short essay onAnti-bully In Campus. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part n Listening (30 ainutes)满分 248.5Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only orxe After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1 A) It can benefit professionals and non-profe$ional$ alike.B) It lists the various challenges physicists arc confronting.C) It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved.D) It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written.2. A ) physicists' contribution to humanity.B) Stories about some female physicists. n Beverly Hills and Chicago' $ Palmer House, as well as _31. nightclubs featuring A-li$t stars. Healso expanded internationally. And in 1949, he bought the 'greatest of them all* : New York City's magnificent Waldorf- Astoria. Typically American. Hiltons were _32_ too: the first to haverooms with air-conditioning, TVs, ironing boards and sewing kits. Even modern hotel-reservations systems _33_ from one Hilton which was established in 1948Today the Hilton Hotels Corp. owns some 3,300 _34_ in 78 countries. Last year more than a quarter-billion guests checked in.A) souredB) motivatedQ nicknameD) cateredE) previouslyF) luxuriousG) propertiesH)features1) fortuneJ) evolvedK) casualL) severeM) inheritedN) creativeO) stateSection BGenetically Modified Foods-Feed the World?A) If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic about genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental.health, safety and ethical questions. Particularty in countries with long agrarian traditions-and vocal green lobbies-the idea seems against nature.B) In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and half the soybeans and cotton grov/n in the U. S. last year were the product of biotechnology. accordir>g to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U S. this year. The genetic is out of the bottle.C)Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain,genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about bio-tech i$ tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from-and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-grov/ing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of bio-tech outweigh the nsks?D) The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will be probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the world's available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has declined steadily since 1960 and will decrease by half over the next 50 years, according to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) How can bio-tech help?E) Bio-technologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene(朝萝卜案)which the body converts into vitamin A-and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Bio tech can also improve farming productivity in places v/hcre food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi (H3).F ) Damage caused by pests is incredible. The European corn borer, for example, destroy 40 million tons of the world's corn crops annually, about 7% of the total.lncorporating pest-resistant genes into seeds can help restore the balance. In trials of pest- resistant cotton in Africa, yields have increased significantly. So far. fears that genetically modified, pest-resistant crops might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded.G) Viruses often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries. Two years ago. Africa lost more than half its cassava (W8)<rop-a key source of calories- -to themosalC Virus(花 叶病也).Genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought- tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation.Bio-tech can also help w>lve the problem of soil that contains excess aluminum, which can damage roots and cause many staple-crop failures. A gene that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity(毒性)in rice has been identified Many scientists believe bio-tech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25% and help prevent the loss of those crops after they are harvested.H ) Yet for all that promise, bio tech is far from being the v/hole answer. In developing countnes, lost crops are only one cause of hunger. Poverty plays the largest role. Today more than 1 billion people around the globe live on less than 1 dollar a day. Making genetically modified crops available will not reduce hunger if farmers cannot afford to grow them or if the local population cannot afford to buy the food those farmers produce.I) Bio-tech has its own distribution, problems. Private-sector bio-tech companies in the rich countries carry out much of the leading- edge research on genetically modified crops.Their products are often too costly for poor farmers in the developing world, and many of those products won't even reach the regions where they are most needed. Bio-tech firms have a strong financial incentive to target rich markets first in order to help them rapidly recoup the high costs of product development. But some of these companies are responding to needs of poor countries.J) More and more bio-tech research i$ beir>g carried out in developir>g countries. M to increase the impact of genetic research on the food production of those countries, there i$ a need for better collaboration between government agencies-both local and in developed countries-and private bio tech firms. The 1SAAA, for example, is successfully partnenng with the U. S. Agency for International Development, local researches and private bio-tech companies to find and deliver bio-tech solutions for farmers in developing countries. Will 'Franken- foods- feed the world?K) Bio-tech is not a panacea C台百病的药)，txJt it does promise to transform agriculture in many developing countries If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers v/ill be their people, who could suffer for years to come.L) The world seems increasingly to have been divided into those who favor genetically modified foods and those who fear them. Advocates assert that growing genetically altered crops can be kinder to the environment and that eating foods from those plants is perfectly safe. And, they say. genetic engineering-which can induce plants to grow in poor soils or to produce more nutritious foods - -will soon become an essential tool for helping to feed the world's burgeoning(ffli8发展的)population Skeptics contend that genetically modified crops could pose unique nsks to the environment and to health-risks too troubling to accept placidly. Taking that view, many European countries are restricting the cultivation and importation of genetically modified agncultural products. Much of the debate are concerned about of safety. But what exactly does recent scientific research say about the hazards?M ) Two years ago in Edinburgh, Scotland, eco-»andals .stormed a field, crushing canola plants. Last year in Maine.midnight raiders hacked down more than 3,000 experimental poplar trees. And in San Diego, protesters smashed sorghum and sprayed paint over greenhouse walls This far- flung outrage took aim at genetically modified crops. But the protests backfired: all the destroyed plants were conventionally bred. In each case, activists mistook ordinary plants for genetically modified vaneties.N) It's easy to understand why. In a way, genetically modified crops- now on some 109 million acres of farmland worldwide-are invisible. You can t see. taste or touch a gene inserted into a plant or sense its effects on the environment. You can't tell, just by looking, whether pollen containing a foreign gene can poison butterflies or fertilize plants miles away. That invisibility is precisely what worries people How, exactly, will genetically modified crops affect the environment-and when will we notice?O) Advocates of genetically modified or transgenic crops say the plants will benefit the environment by requiring fewer toxic pesticides than conventional crops. But critics fear the potential nsks and wonder how big the benefits really are. ,We have so many questions about these plants, Iremarks Guenther Stotzky, a soft microbiologist at New York University. "There's a lot we don't know and need to find out."As genetically modified crops multiply in the landscape, unprecedented numbers of researchers have started fanning into the fields to get the missing information. Some of their recent findings are reassuring; others suggest a need for vigilanceAccording to the UN's prediction, the population growth from nov/ to 2050 is nearly all in developing countries.46. Those people and countries restricting and opposed to planting and importing of genetically modified $ plants worry about their safety.47. The boosters of genetically modified crops argue that these altered plants need fewer toxic pesticides.48. The mosaic virus led to the loss of more than half of African main food two years ago.49. Genetically modified crops can help to improve nutrient contents and farming productivity.50. The most important factor that leads to hunger in developing countnes is poverty, not crops lost.51. The far-flung outrage destroys fields and plants because they misidentified ordinary plants for genetically modified varieties.52. The debate on genetically modified foods is more heated in developing countries with fast-growing and half-starved populations.53. One third of corn planted in America was genetically modified com last year.54. Majority of people believe genetically modified crop causes environmental problems.55. According to the UN's prediction, the population growth from nov/ to 2050 is nearly all in developing countries.Section CPassage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the fol loving passage.A study published in the New England journal ofMedicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights everyday. Most of them are not grave; fainting, dizziness and hyperventilation (换度)are the most frequent complaints. But 13% of the<n-roughly four a day-are serious erxxjgh to require a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies include heart trouble (46%), strokes and other neurological problems (18%), and difficult breathing (6%). Let s face it: plane riders are stressful For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly what they would be if you lived at 5.000 to 8,000 feet above sea level Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty easily, but passengers with heart disease may experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flov/ing through their Wood. Low pressure can also cause the air in body cavities to expand-a$ much as 30%* Again, most people won't notice anything beyond mild stomach cramping. But if you've recently had an operation, yotir wound could open. And if a medical device has been implanted in your body asplint. a tracheotomy（气管切开术）tube or a catheter（导管）it could expand and cause injury.Another common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis（深血检）the so-called economy-dass syndrome. When you sit too long in a cramped position, the blood in our legs tends to clot. Most people just get sore calves. But blood dot$r left untreated, could travel to the lungs, causing breathing difficulties and even death Such clots are readily prevented by keeping blood flowing; walk and stretch your legs v/hen possible.Whatever you doz don't panic. Things are looking up on the in-flight-emergency front. Doctors who come to passengers' aid used to worry about getting sued; their fears have lifted somewhat since the 1998 Aviation Medical Assistarxe Act gave them'good Samaritan, protection. And thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits with automated defibrillators （电2fr£19器）to treat heart attacks.Are y（xj still wondering if you are healthy enough to fly? If you can walk 150 ft. or climb a flightof stairs without getting winded, you'll probably do just fine. Having a doctor cloe by doesn't hurt either46.Heart disease takes up about of the in-flight medical emergencies on US flights.A） 13%460/OB） 18%6%47.According to the passage, the expansion of air in body cavities can result inheart attackA) chest painstomach crampingB) difficult breathing.According to the passage, why does deep venous thrombosis usualty happen?A) Because the economy class is not spacious enough.B) Because there are too many economy-class passengers.C) Because passengers are not allowed to walk during the flight.D) Because the low pressure in the cabin prevents blood flowing smoothly.48 .According to the J998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act, Doctors who came to passido not have to be worried even if they give the patients improper treatmentA) will not be submitted to legal responsibility even if the patients didn't recoverare assisted by advanced emergency medical kitsB) will be greatly respected by the patient and the crew.The phrase -getting winded' (Line 2. Para 5) is closest in meaning to.A) falling overbeing out of breathengers'B) spraining the ankle D) moving in a curving linePassage 2 Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage :To understand the marketing concept ii is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago. most industries corxentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on 'persuasive salesmanship, to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand focuses on the wants of consumers. It be