重难点11 翻译解题技巧（解析版）-2023年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（上海专用）.docx

重难点11翻译解题技巧满分技巧一、确立主干1、确立主语(1)避免主语机械对应这个地区雨比较多。It rains a lot in this area.(2)方位词或时间词在主语位置山下住着一位老妇人。There lives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.(3)用it做主语翻译主语是复合结构的汉语信不信是你的事。It is your concern whether you believe me or not.最好是等他们回来。It is advisable to wait till they come back.勤能补拙 It is diligence that makes for deficiency.2、确立谓语：英语的动词通常只能由某个动词或者系表结构担任在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。We shouldn't be too romantic about personal relationship.当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间向向地浪费掉。As long as he is living, he always works and studies as hard as possible, unwilling to dream his life away, let alone waste even a single moment of life.二、语序调整1、定语的位置：英语中，单词充当定语时多为前置，短语和从句充当定语时多为后置。钓鱼是一项能陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。Fishing is an outdoor sport that can cultivate your mind and it is good for your mental and physical health.2、状语的位置他是 1970 年 5 月 20 日在北京朝阳区出生的。He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20. 1970.3、汉英语言叙事重心不同：汉语先叙事，后表态或评论，以突出话题，这叫主题句。汉译英有时会译为掉尾句，即先表态或评论，后叙事，以突出主语。万一有什么困难，给我们一个信。Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.参考答案：1. When did the twin brothers begin to emerge as the leading figures of the contemporary Hungarian literature?【详解】考杳特殊疑问句和时态。此处用特殊疑问词when表示“何时”，在讲述过去发生的事情，故用一 般过去时，助动词用did,主语the【win brothers表示“双胞胎兄弟”，begin to do表示“开始做某事“，emerge as 表示“成为",the leading figures of the contemporary Hungarian literature 表示“匈牙利当代文学的领军人物 故翻译为 When did the twin brothers begin to emerge as the leading figures of the contemporary Hungarian literature?2. Eveiyone marveled at the beautiful pattern the little girl drew with her crayons.【详解】考查固定短语、动词时态、冠词、名词。结合句意可知，事情己经发生，故句子时态为一般过去 时；表示“对惊叹不已'为固定短语marvel al；表示“图案”为名词pattern,结合句意可知为特指，故需 要用定冠词the修饰；表示“用（工具）”为介词wilh；表示“蜡笔”为crayon,结合常识可知，画一个 精美的图案需要用到多支蜡笔，故用复数形式。故翻译为Everyone marveled at the beautiful pattern the litde girl drew with her crayons.3. Obviously, the image in the photo looks nothing like the person in front of me.【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和短语。根据所给中文提示词，“显而易见”应该做状语，修饰后面整个句子， 译为“obviously”，本句主语是“形象”，“照片上的”做定语修饰主语，所以译为“the image in the photo”，谓 语动词根据题干要求，需用look,再根据句意此处应该用固定搭配：look like意为“看起来像”，“与我眼前 的这个人一点不像”应译为“look nothing like the person in front of'me”描述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时, 主语是“the image”为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用“looks”。故译为：Obviously, the image in the photo looks nothing like the person in front of me.4. The loss in this match exposed the shortcomings of this new team.【详解】考查时态，动词和短语。根据句意，句子用一般过去时，主语“这场失利”可译为the loss in this match, 根据提示谓语动词用expose“暴露”，宾语“这支全新队伍的不足之处”译为the shortcomings of this new team, 故答案为 The loss in this match exposed the shortcomings of this new team.5. The projecl-based learning is meant to develop students' ability to solve practical problems.【详解】考查固定短语,时态和主谓一致。“项目化学习”是the projectbased learning, “旨在做某事”是be meant to do,“培养学生解决实际问题的能力”翻译为 develop students5 ability to solve practical problems,句 子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语the project-based learning是不可数名词，其后be动词用is,因 此整句话翻译为"The projcct-bascd learning is meant to develop students* ability to solve practical problems”。故 答案为 The project-based learning is meant to develop students5 ability to solve practical problems.6. You should wear a mask and keep a distance with fellow passengers on public transport.10【详解】考查短语和情态动词。wear a mask戴口罩；keep a distance with与 保持距离；fellow passengers 同车的人；public transport公共交通。情态动词should,表示“应该，应当“，后接动词原形。根据句意，故 翻译为 You should wear a mask and keep a distance with fellow passengers on public transport.7. Under the cover of smoke, she slipped through the side door.【详解】考查介词短语和时态。“在 的掩护下”是under (he cover of, “烟雾”是smoke, “她从边门溜走 了“用一般过去时，“溜走”是slip,“从边门”是through the side door,因此整句话翻译为“Under the cover of smoke, she slipped through the side door”。故答案为 Under (he cover of smoke, she slipped through (he side door. 8. Theoretically speaking, touch screen advertising is highly interactive and eye-catching, which makes its role in product promotion incomparable.【详解】考查定语从句，时态和主谓一致。分析句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“从 理论上讲”是theoretically speaking,“触屏广告”是touch screen advertising,是不可数名词,其后be动词用 is, “互动性很强”是highly interactive, “吸引眼球”是eye-catching, “这使得其在产品推广方面的作用无可 比拟”用which引导非限制性定语从句，“使得”是make, “其在产品推广方面的作用”是its role in product promotion,“无可比拟''是 incomparable,因止匕整句话翻译为“TheoreticaHy speaking, touch screen advertising is highly interactive and eye-catching, which makes its role in product promotion incomparable”。故答案为 Theoretically speaking, touch screen advertising is highly interactive and eye-catching, which makes its role in product promotion incomparable.9. The popularity of cycling shows that the public arc pursuing a healthy lifestyle.【详解】考查固定短语和宾语从句。表示“骑行的流行”短语为the popularity of cycling； show作谓语，句子 用一般现在时。后跟ihai引导的宾语从句，从句为现在进行时，表示“公众对健康生活方式的追求”翻译为 the public are pursuing a healthy lifestyleo 故翻译为 The popularity of cycling shows that the public are pursuing a healthy lifestyle.10. Considering that these reference books have been damaged due to poor maintenance, please be sure to label each one with a barcode for filing and follow-up tracking.【详解】考查宾语从句，非谓语动词，时态，语态和主谓一致。“考虑到”是consider,其后跟that引导的 宾语从句，consider用现在分词作状语，”这些参考书“是由ese reference books, “因维护不利”是due to poor maintenance, “已破损不堪”用现在完成时，书是被破坏，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，翻译为have been damaged,“请务必做某事”是 please be sure to do,“在每一本上贴上条码''是 label each one with a barcode,“以 便归档和后续追踪”是 for filing and follow-up tracking,因此整句话翻译为“Considering that these reference books have been damaged due to poor maintenance, please be sure to label each one with a barcode for filing and follow-up tracking”。故答案为 Considering that these reference books have been damaged due to poorII maintenance, please be sure (o label each one with a barcode for filing and follow-up (racking.11. This restaurant features vegetarian dishes, but it also attracts meat lovers to come and have a taste.【详解】考查时态。讲述现在的种情况，用一般现在时，表示“以为特点”应用动词feature；表示“这 家餐厅”应用this restaurant,作动词feature的主语;表示“素菜”应用vegetarian dishes；表示“但是"应用but： 表示“吸引某人做某事”应用attract sb. to do sih.的结构；表示“爱好者”应用lovers：表示“来尝鲜”应用短语 come and have a laste。故翻译为 This restaurant features vegetarian dishes, but it also attracts meat lovers to come and have a taste.12. Please check the shopping list just in case something is missing.【详解】考查短语、时态、祈使句和状语从句。incase以防，万一，在句中引导目的状语从句。表达建议， 用祈使句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为Please check the shopping list just in case something is missing.13. The poet prefers the relaxed pace of life in the country.【详解】考查冠词、动词时态、形容词。结合句意可知，题干为陈述这位诗人的生活习惯，故用一般现在 时即可;表示“这位诗人''要用定冠词Ihe表示特指，位于句首需要大写字母“T”；表示“偏爱”用提示词prefer, 主语为The poet,故谓语动词需要用第三人称单数的形式；表示“悠闲的”为形容词relaxed；表示“节奏”为 名词 pace,表示"生活节奏”可用固定短语 pace of life。故翻译为 The poet prefers the relaxed pace of life in the country.14. Our Party has led the people in overcoming many difficult problems that have remained unsolved for a long time, and in accomplishing many important tasks concerning the long term.【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。主语为parly,表示“带领人民攻克了许多长期没有解决的难题”翻译 为 lead the people in overcoming many difficult problems that have remained unsolved for a long time； 表示“办 成 J许多事关长远的大事”翻译为 accomplish many important tasks concerning the long term, accomplish 作介 词的宾语应用动名词。句子应用现在完成时。故翻译为Our Party has led the people in overcoming many difficult problems that have remained unsolved fbr a long time, and in accomplishing many important tasks concerning the long term.15. Companies made some big decisions, which can directly affect employees' financial earnings.【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。此处主语为companies,表示“做出一些重大决定“可知短语为make some big decisions；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“可能直接影响到员工的经济收入”翻译为can directly affect employees' financial earnings,为一般过去时。故翻译为 Companies made some big decisions, which can directly affect employees' financial earnings.16. Compared with similar products, this one has achieved the goals of smaller volume, lighter weight, more12 complete functions and higher precision.【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。根据所给中文提示词，本句主语是“这款产品”应译为“this one”，谓语动 词为“实现了“，根据题干要求，应该用achieve,根据句意可知，表达“已实现”之意，应该用现在完成时， 故译为“hasachieved"，“目标”做宾语译为“thegoals”，“体积更小、重量更轻、功能更全、精度更高的''做定 语，修饰目标，应译为“of smaller volume, lighter weight, more complete functions and higher precision”, “与 同类产品相比”做本句比较状语，"比较”译为"compare”，此处应该用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语this one之间 是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，故译为“compared wilh similar products”。故译为：Compared with similar products, (his one has achieved the goals of smaller volume, lighter weight, more complete functions and higher precision.17. Over the past three years, this once deserted village has attracted a large number of tourists.【详解】考查动词、短语和名词。表示“过去的三年里''应用over the past three ycarsr作时间状语；表示“这 个曾经无人问津的小村庄”可以用this once deserted village作主语;表示“吸引”用动词attract，时间状语是“过 去的三年里”,用现在完成时，主语“小村庄”是单数，故用has attracted；表示“大量游客”可以用a large number of touristso 故翻译为 Over (he past three years, this once deserted village has attracted a large number of touristso 18. Autumn, when the sky is clear and blue, is the best time to observe the habits of these eagles through telescopes.【详解】考查不定式和定语从句。分析句子结构，该句子的主句是主系表结构，即“秋天是最好时节”，可 译为 Autumn is the best lime：“碧空如洗的“可用 when 引导的定语从句，即 when the sky is clear and blue； 动词“观察”译为observe,宾语“这类老鹰习性”可译为(he habits of these eagles,方式状语“用望远镜”译为 through telescopes；”用望远镜观察这类老鹰习性的“可整体用不定式作后置定语，修饰ihe besl lime,即lo obsene the habits of these eagles through telescopes, 故答案为 Autumn, when the sky is clear and blue, is the best time to observe the habits of these eagles through telescopes.19. No one is in the dormitory with the door wide open, and what if a thief comes in?【详解】考查what if的句型。根据句意可知，本句表示的是说现在的状况，所以时态用一般现在时；表示 “宿舍里空无一人”用no one is in the dormitory；表示“门户大开”用with的更合结构with the door wide open, 作状语；表示“如果怎么办？”用句式whai if；表示“贼进来了"用a thief comes in,结合汉语,故翻译为：No one is in the dormitory with (he door wide open, and whai if a thief comes in?20. Although Confucianism, which has been prevalent/widespread in China for thousands of years,is not as important as it used to be, it is still a key to understanding the splendid Chinese civilization.【详解】考查状语从句，定语从句和固定短语。表示“虽然”用although,其引导让步状语从句；表示“儒教'' 用 Confucianism：表示“儒教在中国历代盛行数千年“用 which has been prcvalcnt/widcsprcad in China for13 thousands of years,该结构中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文的Confucianism,同时句子表述动作 发生在过去对现在有影响，使用现在完成时，表示“盛行，流行''用prevalent或者widespread；表示“地位不 如昔日举足轻重''用is not as important as it used to be；表示“仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙''用it is still a key to understanding the splendid Chinese civilizationo 故翻译为 Although Confucianism,which has been prevalcnt/widesprcad in China for thousands of years,is not as important as it used to be, it is still a key to understanding the splendid Chinese civilization<>21. If you don't work hard, how can you know whether there will be more possibilities in life?【详解】考查动词、名词和宾语从句。表示“不努力一把”可以用条件状语从句If you don't work hard；表示 “怎么知道”可以用how can you know：表示“更多的可能”用名词复数more possibilities；表示"会不会''可以 用whether；表示“人生会不会有更多的可能''用there be句型，放在动词know后是宾语从句，用陈述语序， 表示将来发生的事，用一般将来时。可以表示为whether there will be more possibilities in life。故翻译为If you don,t work hard, how can you know whether there will be more possibilities in life?22. Though electronic products of all kinds make people's work and life more convenient, how to deal with abandoned electronic products has become a big challenge.【详解】考查让步状语从句和动词。表示“各类电子产品”应译为electronic products of all kinds在句中作主 语，表示“方便了人们的工作生活”也就是“使得人们的工作和生活更加便利”应译为make people's work and life more convenient 其中 make 在句中作谓语，people's work and life more 在句中作宾语，more convenient 作宾补，所以前半句翻译为 electronic products of all kinds make people's work and life more convenient：后半 句话的主语为“如何处理废旧电子产品''为"疑问词+to do”结构，“处理”应为deal wilh, “废弃的”为abandoned, 故主语翻译为how to deal with abandoned electronic products,后半句“成为一大难题”为“系表”结构应译为 become a big challenge,结合句意，此处表示的是如何处理废旧电子产品造成现在的结果，故使用现在完 成时态，其句子主语是“疑问词+t。do”结构，所以谓语动词是单数与主语为主动关系，故后半句翻译为how to deal with abandoned electronic products has become a big challenge.：根据汉语意思可知> 前半句为让步状 语从句，需使用提示的连词though将两个句子连接起来。故翻译为Though electronic products of all kinds make people's work and life more convenient, how to deal with abandoned electronic products has become a big challenge. oOnline activilies are intended to encourage children to experience (he happiness of sports anytime and anywhere.【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。根据所给中文提示词，以及题干要求，需用intend,所以将原句转 化为“开展线上活动旨在鼓励孩子们随时随地体验运动的快乐。“，从而可以用固定搭配：be intended I。意 为“目的是,旨在”,其中主语是“开展线上活动”译为“online activities”,谓语动词用be intended to,描述的14 是客观事实，用一般现在时，故应是“are intended to"，“鼓励孩子们''作宾语，译为“encourage children"，“体 验运动的快乐”应该用固定搭配：encourage sb to do sth to do,所以此处是不定式作宾语补足语，译为“2 experience the happiness of sports”，“随时随地”作状语，译为"anytime and anywhere”。故译为：Online activities are intended to encourage children to experience the happiness of sports anytime and anywhere.23. At the request of the students, the teacher from Portugal sang a folk song from their country.【详解】考查介词短语、动词时态和名词。表示“在的要求下”应用介词短语aiihe request of,作状语； 表示“唱''应用动词sing,作谓语，动作发生在过去应用一般过去时；表示“一首他们的民歌”应用a folk song from their country,做宾语；表示“来自葡萄牙的”应用介词短语from Portugal,作定语，修饰teacher。故翻 译为 At the request of the students, the teacher from Portugal sang a folk song from their country。24. When I was worried that no one could take care of my kitten while I was away on a business trip, my neighbor offered a helping hand.【详解】考查时态，从句和短语。根据句意用一般过去时，“正当我因为出差无人照顾家中小猫而一筹莫 展时''是时间状语从句，用when引导从句，“我一筹莫展”译为Iwas worried, “无人照顾家中小猫”作宾语 用宾语从句，译为no one could take care of my kitten,“出差”用while引导时间状语从句，译为while I was away on a business trip,句子主句“邻居主动伸出了援助之手“译为my neighbor offered a helping hand.注意主 谓一致，故答案为 When I was worried that no one could take care of my kitten while I was away on a business trip, my neighbor offered a helping hand.25. In his opinion, any effort to promote the Shanghai dialect is worth making.【详解】考查固定短语和动词。表示“在他看来”应使用固定短语in his opinion； “任何努力”应该为any effort 作句子主语;“有助于沪语推广”应该为promote the Shanghai dialect在句子中作定语修饰effort,且修饰effort 的非谓语动词应该用不定式形式；表示“值得做某事“应该是be worth doing sth.,与effort搭配的“做出”应 该是make,所以“值得去做的“应该为be worth makingo句子主语any effort为单数，所以be动词为单数， 结合句意可知，此处描述的为现在的事情。故翻译为In his opinion, any effort to promote the Shanghai dialect is worth making, oThe children complete their reading assignment every week as required by their teacher, which reminds me of my summer homework.【详解】考查定语从句。"小朋友''翻译为ihechHdren； “每周”翻译为every week； '完成阅读作业”翻译为 complete their readingassignment”；跟着学校老师的要求”翻译为 as required by their teacher；“让我想起"翻 译为remind me of；“我的暑假作业”翻译为my summer homeworko根据句意可知，此处可用非限制性定语 从句，关系代词which指代“小朋友每周跟着学校老师的要求完成阅读作业”这件事情，并在从句中作主语， 且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，主谓一致，故翻译为：The children complete their reading15 assignment every week as required by iheir teacher, which reminds me of my summer homeworko26. Having the courage to be disliked is the first step toward living life to the fullest.【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。分析句子，句了表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“有勇气 去做某事"用have the courage to do sth,此处使用动名词作主语，表示“被讨厌”用不定式的被动结构，即lo be disliked：表示“是第一步去做某事“用be the first step toward doing：表示“对于活得淋漓尽致”用is the first step toward living to the fullesto 故翻译为:Having the courage to be disliked is the first step toward living life to the fullestoIn a sense, financial support can narrow the current gap between the rich and (he poor.【详解】考查短语和情态动词。in a sense从某种意义上来说