重难点04 十一选十解题技巧（解析版）-2023年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（上海专用）.docx

重难点04十一选十解题技巧命题趋势十一选十只考察四类实词，即：名迥、效回、形容词、副词。做题看所给词汇时，我们要么在内心谨记题H中所给的十一个词中每个词的多种词性和意思，只可惜 有时候你可能会很难做到这一点，所以还是老老实实花个两分钟左右仔细看清每一个单词，记住都有谁, 并在每个单词旁边按注其含有的词性及诸如现在分词、过去分词、动名词以及各种分词式的形容词这类非 词性方面的语法层次的特征（只出现在媚中）。这样接下来在面对某一个空格时，只要根据上下文的语法结构或逻辑关系不再是从10个词中去选1 个答案了，可以是4选1甚至2选1,从而缩小了选择的范围，提高做题的准确率。满分技巧一.词性判断1.如何确定空格为名词：（1）空格前面出现冠词、形容词,空格内应填名词。如： Douglass grew up to become the first black _45 to hold a government officeas US minister and consul general （总领事）to Haiti.析：45空格前有定冠词+序数词+形容词,所以空格内应填入名词。备选名词有 set, citizen, route 和 restoration。从全句意思来推测选citizen比较合适。Douglass长大后成为了第一个在政府任职的黑人公民。其他三 个词都不合句意。（2）空格前面出现及物动词,空格内应填名词作宾语,（即所谓的：动宾结构）如: Mr. Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed _49_ with people interested in similar projects from as far as Berlin and London.析：空格前是主语he +谓语动词has signed,所以空格内应填入名词作宾语。备选名词有contents内容，packaging包装，contracts合同。空格前谓语动词has signed解释为“签署”，to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science.But there is a growing(39)that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects.For instancexngineering provides opportunities to be creative through problem solving, and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened, and what(40)those involved.【答案】31-40 DACBHLFIGKD【解析】此处的形容词global (全球的)应修饰名词，结合前面提到的“当你想到创造力时，你可能会想 到像莫扎特、达芬奇或爱因斯坦这样极具创造力的人。他们都被认为是“天才”，因为他们有些独特的才能”， 这里讲的是创造力，分析选项，只有“innovation”符合语境及逻辑。此处句意为“他们都被认为是“天才”， 因为他们有些独特的才能，导致了他们所在领域的全球创新(innovation)”,故选D。innovation n.创新。31 A【解析】该空对应的是前面提到的“hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano.”,分析选 项可知“水彩画或弹钢琴”可以说是“追求”，句意为:当被问及创造力是什么样子时，人们通常会想到这些类 型的追求(pursuits)。故选A。pursuits n.追求。32 .C【解析】此处考查固定搭配be comparable with(与可比较的,比得上的)，此处旬意为“我们完成的作 品可能无法与大师们的作品相提并论(comparable),但通常这个过程是有益的，最终的结果是令人赏心悦目 的"，故选C。comparable dj,可比的,可比较的。33 B【解析】该空与hobbies并列，且它们的意思应该是相近的，分析选项可知应选“interests”。句意为“除 了爱好和兴趣(interests),我们都拥有创造性的属性，可以帮助我们解决生活中的问题和做决定”，故选B。 interests n,兴趣“.H【解析】根据后面的"io get to the same destinalion(到达同一个目的地)”可以反推出我们需要先计划路线， 此处句意为“正是这种创造力使我们能够计划不间的路线(routes)到达同一个目的地”，故选H。routes n路 线:路途。36E【解析】分析透项可知“当我们的时间表看起来很满时”符合语境及逻辑，此处句意为”或者当我们的时 间表(schedule)看起来很满时如何安排去超市的旅行”，放选Eo schedule,计戈表)，进度表:时间表。37 F解析】分析选项，根据后面的"as well as how to make decisions biased on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or infomially (以及如何根据个人之前的经验或我们正式或非正式地学到的知识做出 决定)”可以推测出我们考虑的是“选择”，句意为:这听起来可能不是很有创意，但这方面的创造力依赖于我 们考虑选择(options)和评估其适用性的能力，以及如何根据个人之前的经验或我们正式或非正式地学到的 知识做出决定。故选F。options n.可选择的事物:选择，选择权。1.1 1【解析】根据后面的"but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science" 可知此处应为“subjects”。句意为“我们之前的研究表明。教师通常能够给出艺术科目(subjects)中创造性活10 动的例子，但当被要求描述科学等科目中的创造性时，他们发现很难做到这一点"，故选io subjectsn学科: 科比主题。39 .G【解析】分析选项，“创新的机会在更广泛的学科中存在“属于一种”认识。意识”，此处句意为“但人们 越来越意识到(realization),创新的机会在更广泛的学科中存在",故选G。realization n.认识,领悟。40 K【解析】分析句子结构可知此空是一个谓语动词，且时态为一般过去时，应选motivated。此处句意 为“例如，工程学提供了通过解决问题来发挥创造力的机会，而历史则提供了机会来创造性地思考事件发 生的原因,以及是什么激发了(motivated )参与者”,故选K。motivated v.成为的动机，是的原因;激励，激发。22年上海名校模拟真题一、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文 (2023上海高三专题练习)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. applause B. backed C. conditions D. creative E. emphasisF. fix G. level H. loyal I. pass J. rewards K. suspendedKick-starter-funding successKick-starter is an online crowdfunding platform. It is an Internet space where entrepreneurs can I the need for traditional investors such as banks or venture capitalists, and instead gather together a group of financial backers from among members of (he public.The project creators 2 the amount they want to raise and then set a deadline by which to do this. If the amount is not reached by the designated time, then no funds are collected from backers. The projects themselves tend to be in the 3 sphere-technology and design, music and dance, film and theatre, the arts and publishing. Co-funder, Perry Chen, describes the system as a mixture of4patronage and commerce': that is to say, the supporters for the project may simply benefit from the knowledge that they have 4 something worthwhile or they may benefit in some more concrete and commercial way. For example, a project to start a women's history magazine in Sweden offered funders a range of 5 from a 'big thank you and shout out on Facebook5 to a full page advertisement in the magazine, depending on the 6 of their contribution.Unlike some other crowdfunding sites, Kick-starter requires no ownership or stake in the project itself; they simply take a five per cent fee on the total amount of money raised. In this way it leaves the creator in control of the their own success. The 1 it places on the project owners-that the project is original, genuine and realizable-are largely based on trust, and projects have been occasionally 8 which are not honest or feasible.Kick-starter has been a witness to many such successes. To date, nearly $2 billion has been raised through its efforts, and several film and theatre projects have enjoyed critical 9. Perhaps as important as thefunding that enables the project to get off the ground is the 10 community of followers that eachproject then takes with them.【答案】I 2. F 3. D 4. B 5. J 6. G 7. C 8. K 9. A 10. H【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个在线众筹平台Kick-starter的机制和成果。1 .考查动词。句意：这是个互联网空间，在这里，企业家可以超越对银行或风险投资家等传统投资者 的需求，而是从公众中聚集一群金融支持者。情态动词can后接动词原形，动词pass为“超过，超越”之意, 符合题意。故选I。2 .考查动词。句意：项目创建者确定他们想要筹集的金额，然后设定一个截止日期。分析句子结构可知， 本句缺少谓语动词。动词fix为“确定”之意，符合题意，根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。故选F。 3.考查形容词。句意：这些项目本身往往属于创造性领域技术和设计、音乐和舞蹈、电影和戏剧、 艺术和出版。名词sphere-technology and design前用形容词修饰。形容词creative为“创造性的”之意，符合 题意。故选Do.考查动词。句意：该项目的联合发起人佩里陈(Perry Chen)将该系统描述为“赞助和商业”的混合体：也 就是说，项目的支持者可能只是因为他们支持的是有价值的东西而受益，或者他们可能以一些更具体的商 业方式受益。分析句子结构可知，这里的动词应用过去分词形式，与空前have构成现在完成时。动词back 为“支持”之意，符合题意。故选B。4 .考查名词。句意：例如，一个在瑞典创办女性历史杂志的项目为资助者提供了一系列奖励，根据他们 的贡献程度，从“在Facebook上感谢并大声说出来“到在杂志上刊登整页广告。名词reward为“奖励''之意， 符合题意，空格前的限定词a range of可知空格处应填入名词复数。故选J。5 .考查名词。句意：例如，一个在瑞典创办女性历史杂志的项目为资助者提供了一系列奖励，根据他们 的贡献程度，从“在Facebook上感谢并大声说出来”到在杂志上刊登整页广告。冠词【he后接名词形式。名 词level为“程度”之意。故选G。6 .考查名词。句意：它赋予项目所有者的条件即项目是原创的、真实的、可实现的在很大程度 上是基于信任，而不诚实或不可行的项目偶尔会被暂停。冠词the后接名词形式。名词condition为“条件” 之意，符合题意，根据句意可知，用名词的复数形式。故选C。7 .考查动词。句意：它赋予项目所有者的条件一即项目是原创的、真实的、可实现的在很大程度12 上是基于信任，而不诚实或不可行的项目偶尔会被暂停。动词suspend为“暂停”之意，符合题意，根据空 格前的have been可知这里应填入动词过去分词形式。故选K。8 .考查名词。句意：迄今为止，通过其努力，近20亿美元的资金已经筹集到位，一些电影和戏剧项目获 得了评论界的热烈掌声。形容词critical后接名词形式。名词叩plause为“掌声”之意，符合题意。故选A。 10.考查形容词。句意：或许与使该项目得以启动的资金同样重要的是，每个项目带来的忠实粉丝群体。 名词community前用形容词修饰，形容词loyal为“忠实的”之意，符合题意。故选(2023上海杨浦统考一模)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. justify B. trend C. theory D. restricted E. diversifying F. obviously G. termed H. climate I. suddenly J. seeking K. evidentThe Lipstick Effectin 2020, the world was plunged into an economic downturn as the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread closures to businesses. Under these circumstances, millions of people 11 found themselves facing financial insecurity. During such times of economic hardship, one may naturally expect that consumer markets will sec a decline in expenditure, as people everywhere feel 12 to making only “essential” purchases. However, a curious phenomenon known as the “lipstick effect” can often be observed.The lipstick effect refers to the phenomenon of consumers spending on small luxury goods even when an economic depression occurs. This phenomenon was 13 the “lipstick effect” in 2001 by Leonard Lauder, chairman of luxury cosmetic company Estee Lauder. He had not only witnessed the phenomenon at work but also realized that it was especially 14 in the case of lipstick and other cosmetic products.So, how exactly do consumers who are short of cash 15 making such purchases? First and perhaps most 16. consumers may simply wish to give themselves treats now and again to provide distractions fromtheir financial insecurity. Another 17 has to do with labour markets. Specifically, during (he economic depression, job seeking tends to become more competitive. Thus, people 18 employment may perceive a need to spend money on certain products to improve their physical appearance. By using products such as lipstick, they may feel more confident during job interviews.Whatever the causes of the lipstick effect, this phenomenon is no short-lived 19. During the globaldepression of 2007-2009, sales of cosmetic in the United States increased by around 5%. Based on such data, it seems that even in the current insecure economic 2(). the luxury cosmetics industry is one that will be sticking around.【答案】11. I 12. D 13. G 14. K 15. A 16. F 17. C 18. J 19. B 20. H【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是口红效应。11 .考查副词。句意：在这种情况下，数百万人突然发现自己面临经济不安全感。由上文“thcCOVlD-19 pandemic caused widespread closures to businesses”可知，此处表示“数百万人突然发现自己面临经济不安全 感”，空格处意为“突然"，是suddenly。故选I。12 .考查形容词。句意：在这样的经济困难时期，人们自然会认为消费市场的支出将会下降，因为各地的 人们都感到受到限制，只能购买“必要的”物品。由下文“making only “essential” purchases”可知，各地的人 们都感到受到限制,只能购买“必要的”物品，空格处意为“受限制的”,用形容词作表语,是restricted,故 选D。13 .考查被动语态。句意：2001年，奢侈化妆品公司EstSe Lauder董事长Leonard Lauder将这种现象称为 “口红效应由下文“ihe “lipstick efTect”“可知，奢侈化妆品公司Este Lauder董事长Leonard Lauder将这种 现象称为“口红效应”，空格处意为“把称为"，是term,这种现象是被称为“口红效应”，用被动语态， 空格前有was,空格处用过去分词。故选G。14 .考查形容词。句意：他不仅在工作中目睹了这种现象，而且还意识到这种现象在口红和其他化妆品中 尤其明显。由上文“consumers spending on small luxury goods”可知，这种现象在口红和其他化妆品中尤其明 显，空格处意为“明显的”，用形容词evident作表语。故选K。15 .考查动词时态。句意：那么，缺乏现金的消费者究竟如何证明他们的购买行为是合理的呢？由下文 “consumers may simply wish to give themselves treats now and again to provide distractions from their financial insecurity”可知，句子表示“缺乏现金的消费者究竟如何证明他们的购买行为是合理的呢”，空格处意为“证 明合理”，是justify,句子是特殊疑问句，空前有how exactly do,因此空格处川原形。故选A。16 .考查副词。句意：首先，也许也是最明显的，消费者可能只是想时不时地犒劳一下自己，让自己从财 务上的不安全感中转移注意力。由下文“consumers may simply wish to give themselves treats now and again to provide distractions from their financial insecurity”可知，句子表示“也许也是最明显的，消费者可能只是想时 不时地犒劳一下自己，让自己从财务上的不安全感中转移注意力”，空格处意为“明显地”，用副词作状语， 修饰后面的句子，是obviously。故选F。17 .考查名词。句意：另一种理论与劳动力市场有关。由下文“Specifically, during the economic depression, job seeking tends to become more competitive. Thus, people8employment may perceive a need to spendmoney on certain products to improve their physical appearance. By using products such as lipstick, they may feel more confident during job interviews.”可知，此处指的是“另一种理论与劳动力市场有关”,空格处意为“理论”,14 是theory。故选C。18 .考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，找工作的人可能会觉得有必要花钱购买某些产品来改善他们的外貌。 由下文“they may feel more confident during job interviews”可知，找工作的人可能会觉得有必要花钱购买某 些产品来改善他们的外貌，空格处意为“寻找“，是seek,句中谓语是may perceive,空格处用非谓语动词， people和seek之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作后置定语。故选J。19 .考查名词。句意：无论口红效应的原因是什么，这种现象都不会昙花一现。由下文“the luxury cosmetics industry is one that will be sticking around”可知，这种现象都不会昙花一现，这将成为一种趋势，空格处意 为“趋势”，是trend。故选B。20 .考查名词。句意：根据这些数据，即使在目前不稳定的经济气候下，奢侈品化妆品行业似乎也会继续 存在。由第一段的"the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread closures to businesses”可知,句子表示“即使在 目前不稳定的经济气候下，奢侈品化妆品行业似乎也会继续存在”，空格处意为“环境，气候“，是climate。 故选H。(2023上海上海中学校考模拟预测)Directions: Complete (he following passage by using (he words in (he box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. affected B. community C. condition D. contact E. decreased F. deliveredG. fearful H. intensity I. meaningful J. serious K. unrealisticLonelinessUniversity found one in four Australians feel lonely with many reporting anxiety about socialising and 30 per cent saying they didn't feel part of a group of friends. Both young and old people are 2.though people over 65 are the least lonely “People tell me their friends don't ring them anymore" says William Yeates, who now runs webinars to bring people together others. "One lady told me she doesn't get any visitors; the only time she has any human 22 is in the weekly webinar. I invited her out for lunch but shecouldn't do it. She was too 23Worryingly, one in eight young people aged 18-25 report a very high 24 of loneliness, and aremore likely than older people to feel greater levels of social anxiety. Even school-aged children report feeling lonely and isolated and say they don't have 25 connections with people around them.While people have always felt lonelyit's part of the human 26there's no doubt that themodem world, with longer commuting times and greater numbers of people living alone, has worsened the trend. Irene Verins, a manager at Mental Wellbeing, VicHealth, says loneliness in younger people aged 18 to 25 is often driven by 27 ideas.So 28 is loneliness internationally that the UK government appointed a Minister forLoneliness and in 2011 launched a Campaign to End Loneliness. It's estimated that every £1 spent on relieving loneliness in Britain has 29 a £2-£3 saving in costs fbr the economy. That's because the lonelinessof individual people impacts the social togetherness of the whole 30. The fewer lonely people, thelower the healthcare costs and the greater the wellbeing of everyone. "This is national issue,44 says Verins.【答案】21. A 22. D 23. G 24. H 25. I 26. C 27. K 28. J 29. F 30. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了现今大多数人，无论老人还是年轻人都感到孤独。21 .考查动词。句意：年轻人和老年人都受到影响，不过65岁以上的人最不孤独。根据前文“University found one in four Australians feel lonely with many reporting anxiety about socialising and 30 per cent saying they didn't feel part of a group of friends.”可知，此处表达“年轻人和老年人都受到影响”之意，所以affbet"影响” 符合题意，本句主语是Boih young and old people,两者间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，空前已有be动 词，所以空处应填过去分词形式。故填A项。22 .考查名词。句意：一位女士告诉我，她没有任何访客；她唯一与人接触的时间是在每周的网络研讨会 上。根据前文“One lady told me she doesn't get any visitors; the only time ”可知，此处表达“唯一与人接触的 时间”之意，human contact“人与人之间的接触”符合题意。故选D项。23 .考查形容词。句意：她太害怕了。空前是系动词was,所以空处应填形容词，根据前文“I invited her out fbr lunch but she couldnH do此处表达“我太害怕了”之意，fearful“恐惧的"符合题意。故选G项。24 .考查名词。句意：令人担忧的是，在18-25岁的年轻人中，有八分之一的人表示自己非常孤独，他们 比老年人更有可能感到更严重的社交焦虑。空前是形容词high,所以空处应填名词，根据后文“more likely than older people to feel greater levels of social anxiety”可知，此处表达"非常孤独"之意，intensity”强烈"符合 题意。故选H项。25 .考查形容词。句意：即使是学龄儿童也表示感到孤独和孤立，并表示他们与周围的人没有有意义的联 系。空后是名词 connections,所以空处应填形容词，根据前文“Even school-aged children report feeling loncly 可知，此处表达“他们与周围的人没有有意义的联系”之意，meaningful”有意义的”符合题意。故选I项。26 .考查名词。句意：虽然人们总是感到孤独这是人类生存状况的一部分但毫无疑问，现代社会 通勤时间变长，独居人数增加，使这种趋势更加恶化。空前是形容词human,所以空处应填名词，根据前 文“While people have always fbltlonely”可知，此处表达''这是人类生存状况的一部分”之意，condition"生存 状态''符合题意。故选C项。27 .考查形容词。句意：VicHcalth心理健康中心的经理艾琳维林斯说，18至25岁年轻人的孤独感往往是16 由不切实际的想法造成的。空前是介词by,所以空处应填名词，根据前文“says loneliness in younger people aged 18 to 25 is often driven”可知，此处是表达“8至25岁年轻人的孤独感往往是由不切实际的想法造成的“ 之意，unrealistic”不切实际的”符合题意。故选K项。28 .考查形容词。句意：孤独感在国际上如此严重，以至于英国政府任命了一位孤独大臣，并在2011年 发起了一项结束孤独的运动。此处是so位于句首的倒装句，谓语动词是is,所以空处应填形容词做表语， 根据后文“the UK goveminent appointed a Minister for Loneliness and in 2011 launched a Campaign to End Loneliness”可知，英国政府任命了一位孤独大臣，并在2011年发起了一项结束孤独的运动，所以此处表达 “孤独感在国际上如此严重”之意，serious“严重的”符合题意。故选J项。29 .考查动词。句意：据估计，在英国，每花1英镑用于缓解孤独，就会为经济节省2-3英镑的成本。根 据句意可知，本句应用现在完成时，空前已有has,所以空处应填动词的过去分词，再根据后文“£2-£3 saving in costs for the eco