中考复习--名词课件汇编.ppt

中考复中考复习-名名词课件件汇编熟记已学过的名词。熟记已学过的名词。掌握名词的复数的变化规则掌握名词的复数的变化规则掌握名词所有格的构成和其变化。掌握名词所有格的构成和其变化。掌握可数名词与不可数名词的区别和用法。中考考查形式：选择题、完形填空、看图填空掌握可数名词与不可数名词的区别和用法。中考考查形式：选择题、完形填空、看图填空复习策略复习策略:普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词（人名、地名）（人名、地名）可数名词可数名词 不可数名词不可数名词名词名词名词单数的表达名词单数的表达名词单数的表达名词单数的表达 一般可用一般可用一般可用一般可用a a，anan，oneone来修饰来修饰来修饰来修饰注：注：注：注：a a用于用于用于用于辅音音素开头的单词前辅音音素开头的单词前辅音音素开头的单词前辅音音素开头的单词前,anan用于元音音素开头的单词前用于元音音素开头的单词前用于元音音素开头的单词前用于元音音素开头的单词前 *a booka book *an English book *an English book *an hour*an hour flowerflowerswatchfactoryleaf boxesfactoriesesleavestomatoespotatoesheroesradiosphotoszoospianos名词的复数形式名词的复数形式名词的复数形式名词的复数形式 1.1.1.1.规则变化规则变化规则变化规则变化 (1)(1)(1)(1)一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加“s”s”读读读读/s/s/s/s/或或或或/z/z/z/z/*dog*dog dogs *book books dogs *book books (2)(2)(2)(2)以以以以s s、x x、chch、shsh，o o结尾的名词加结尾的名词加结尾的名词加结尾的名词加“eseseses”/iz/iz/iz/iz/*box boxes *watch *box boxes *watch watcheswatches：以：以：以：以o o o o结尾结尾结尾结尾加加-es-es只有：黑人只有：黑人(Negro)(Negro)英雄英雄(hero)(hero)喜欢吃西红柿喜欢吃西红柿(tomato)(tomato)和土豆（和土豆（potatopotato）可数名词(3)(3)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变y为为i加加“es”/iz/iz/*country countries *factory factories 但如果是元音字母加但如果是元音字母加y y 结尾的名词则只须加结尾的名词则只须加“s s”*boy boys holidayholiday-holidaysholidays *monkey monkeys (4)(4)以以f、fe 结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变f、fe 为为v再加再加“es”/vz/vz/*half halves *shelf shelves *knife knives *leaf leaves 注意注意：有少数以f或fe结尾的名词变成复数形式时,只加-s，如：roofs,gulfs,chiefs族长等。但是，handkerchief/scarf的复数形式可以是handkerchiefs/scarfs，也可以是handkerchieves/scarves。Therearemanygulfsintheworld.世界上有许多海湾。child-childrenwoman-womendeersheepman-mengoose-geese不规则变化不规则变化不规则变化不规则变化 (1)(1)(1)(1)单复数同形：单复数同形：单复数同形：单复数同形：deer,people,means,fish（鱼），Chinese，Japanese(2)(2)(2)(2)变元音字母变元音字母变元音字母变元音字母oooo为为为为eeee t tooooth teeth fth teeth foooot feet t feet g goooosegeesesegeese (3).(3).变变man为为 men mman n mmen n womwoman n womwomen n policempoliceman n policempolicemen n 其它变化：其它变化：其它变化：其它变化：（4）表示“某国人”的名词单数变复数：1.中国人(Chinese)、日本人(Japanese)、瑞士人(Swiss)单复数同形。2.英国/法国人改a为e。如：Frenchman Frenchmen Frenchman Frenchmen 3.其他以-an,-ian结尾的各国人直接加-s。如：American(s),German(s),Russian(s),Australian(s),Indian(s),Korean(s)。German German GermansGermans (“(“中日中日中日中日”不变不变不变不变“英法英法英法英法”变，其余变，其余变，其余变，其余s s加后面加后面加后面加后面)mousemicechildchildren与众不同与众不同chopstickstrousersglassesshoes常以复数形式出现的名词：常以复数形式出现的名词：常以复数形式出现的名词：常以复数形式出现的名词：peopleclothesshoespants,shorts,socks,trousers,glasses,chopsticks,scissors,goods 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数;这类名词用来表示数量时，常需加这类名词用来表示数量时，常需加pair,suit 等量词。如：等量词。如：apairoftrousers一条裤一条裤子子,twopairsofsocks,asuitofclothes。*My clothesMy clothes are newer than yours.newer than yours.*可数名词可以被可数名词可以被可数名词可以被可数名词可以被a,an,one,twoa,an,one,two以和以和以和以和 how manyhow many，manymany，a fewa few，fewfew，anyany，lots oflots of,a lot of a lot of，somesome等修饰等修饰等修饰等修饰 *There are a few people in the park.There are a few people in the park.*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?集体名词如：police警察部门/警察people,class同学们/班,family家人/家,team队员/队,group,cattle等表示由若干个体组成的集合体。当这类词强调每一个个体成员时，是复数概念，作主语时谓语动词用复数；如果强调整个团体，则视为单数概念，作主语时谓语动词用单数。但furniture,equipment,clothing一类的集体名词是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。集体名词做主语时集体名词做主语时集体名词做主语时集体名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。1.1.HerfamilyHerfamilyalargeoneandheralargeoneandherfamilyfamily allteachers.allteachers.她家是一个大家庭她家是一个大家庭她家是一个大家庭她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。她的家人都是老师。她的家人都是老师。她的家人都是老师。重难点突破重难点突破isisisare2.The police_on the street when accident happened.A.is B.are C.was D.were重难点突破重难点突破D1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are talking about_.Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children2.There are three in my family.A.people B.person C.child3.Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies CAA4.In the picture there are many_ and two_.A.sheeps;knifes B.sheeps;knife C.sheep;knives D.sheep;knife 5.There are four_and two_in the group.A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，GermansDC 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时，通常只需将后面这个名词变复数，前面做定语的那个一般用单数。如：tenboystudents,girlfriends,twinsisters。*Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.但是，由man,woman作前置定语构成的复合名词变复数时，man或woman与后面的名词都要变复数(即与后面的名与后面的名词保持数的一致词保持数的一致）。如：somewomendoctors。复合名词变复数复合名词变复数*WeneedWeneedamanteacher.*Theyareall wome enworkers.s.sports,clothes（在另一名词前）（在另一名词前）做定语时做定语时做定语时做定语时,仍用复数仍用复数仍用复数仍用复数 如如如如:*a asportsstar/*astar/*aclothesshopshop重难点突破重难点突破小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因Our hospital needs two_doctors,Mrs.Li.You can ask your son to have a try.A.women B.man C.woman D.menD 注意：(1)有些名词的单复数形式表示的意义不同。如：twofish两条鱼，twofishes两种鱼类somepeople一些人，somepeoples一些民族(2)有些名词形式上是复数，但意义上是单数，一般看作单数名词。如：news,mathematics/maths,physics,politics,theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls尼亚加拉大瀑布等。a bottle of juicea glass of orangetwo boxes of milk不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词：不可数名词：不可数名词：不可数名词：物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。如物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。如:water，rice，fish，meat，chalk，wood,medicine，paper物质。work,time,space,money,weather,music,English,homework,housework,advice,news,information,和表示液体、气体的名称和表示液体、气体的名称 1.1.1.1.不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数 *Some breadSome bread is over thereover there.*No news*No news is good news.good news.2.2.不可数名词不能直接被不可数名词不能直接被不可数名词不能直接被不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用等修饰，常用等修饰，常用等修饰，常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotlotof,lotsofof,lotsof,some,any等修饰等修饰等修饰等修饰*TheyhadTheyhadmuchmoney.money.*Hedoes*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.houseworkathome.*arice(X)*twobread(X)*arice(X)*twobread(X)3.3.3.3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+of+of+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词仍用单数（名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词仍用单数（名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词仍用单数（名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词仍用单数（注意：加在不可数名词前的量词是可数的，所以当数词大于 1时，量词要变为复数形式）。*a bag of applesa bag of apples *a piece of paper *a piece of paper *threethree glass glasseses of of orangeorange 4.4.4.4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(glass(玻璃玻璃)a glass()a glass(玻璃杯玻璃杯)work(work(工作工作)a work()a work(著作著作)time(time(时间时间)times()times(时代，次数时代，次数)room 空间，余地，地方 a room 一间房间 paper 纸 a paper 一份试卷/一篇论文 orange 橙子汁 an orange 一个橙子 chicken 鸡肉 a chicken 一只小鸡1.Please give me _ paper.A.one B.a pieces C.a pieceD.a piece of2.This table is made of_.A.many glass B.some glasses C.glasses D.glass3.What can I do for you,sir?Id like two_.A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks4.We can do the work better with_money and _ people.A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few,few DDCA 1.Beijing is the capital of China.Beijing is Chinas capital.2.This is Mary and her sisters bedroom.Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse.3.These are Toms and Lilys bags.的的看例题识所有格看例题识所有格4.She is the two boys mother.5.the door of the room the leaves of the tree6.the girls name=the name of the girl7.He is a friend of my brothers.名词所有格名词所有格名词所有格名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系表示名词间的所有关系表示名词间的所有关系表示名词间的所有关系“的的的的”一一一一.名词所有格的构成方法名词所有格的构成方法名词所有格的构成方法名词所有格的构成方法 1.1.1.1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“s”s”s”s”如：如：如：如：Kangkang Kangkang s father Lucys father Lucy s books book 2.2.2.2.以以以以s s s s结尾的复数名词结尾的复数名词结尾的复数名词结尾的复数名词,无论无论是单数还是复数，其所是单数还是复数，其所有格只需在后面加有格只需在后面加“”TeachersTeachers Day The Greens Day The Greens house housemensclothes男式服装男式服装6.Lucy is _ sister.A.Mary and Jack B.Marys and Jacks C.Mary and Jacks D.Mary and Jacks重难点突破重难点突破D 3 3 3 3.表示“两者(或以上)共同所有”时，只需在最后一个名词后加“s”；若表示“两者(或以上)各自拥有”时，要在每一 个名词后都加“s”。如：Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房间 (共同所有，只有一个房间，room 用单数)4.4.4.4.无生命名词的所有关系用无生命名词的所有关系用无生命名词的所有关系用无生命名词的所有关系用ofofofof加名词，构成所属关系的短语加名词，构成所属关系的短语加名词，构成所属关系的短语加名词，构成所属关系的短语 *the color of the wallthe color of the wall *a picture of the classroom *a picture of the classroom5.Where is Tom?-He has gone to the _.A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers重难点突破重难点突破D5.5.5.5.在表示“某人的家”、“某 种从业者的工作地点(如店铺、诊所、餐馆等)”的名词所有格后面，一般省掉它所修饰的名词。如：at Mr.Whites(house)在怀特先生家 *my auntmy aunt s(homes(home）(我姑姑家）我姑姑家）*go to the teachersgo to the teachers (office (office）(去老师办公室）去老师办公室）*atthebarbers(shop)在理发店1.June 1st is _Day.All the Children enjoy it very much.A.Children B.Childrens C.Childrens D.Child2.The two bedroom are the _.A.twins B.twins C.twins D.twinsCC2.This pair of shorts_too expensive.I cant afford_.A.are,them B.are,itC.is,them D.is,it重难点突破重难点突破C当出现当出现当出现当出现“单位单位单位单位+of+of+of+of+名词名词名词名词”时，谓语动词应根据时，谓语动词应根据时，谓语动词应根据时，谓语动词应根据“单位单位单位单位”的单复数决定。的单复数决定。的单复数决定。的单复数决定。This pair of shoes is nice.This pair of shoes is nice.比较：比较：比较：比较：The shoes are nice.The shoes are nice.Here are Here are two pieces of two pieces of news.news.比较：比较：比较：比较：The news is wonderful.The news is wonderful.3.The model plane was made by a _ boy.A.ten-years-old B.ten-year-older C.ten-year-old D.ten-year old重难点突破重难点突破C 当数词与单位名词一起构成合成形容词做定语时，当数词与单位名词一起构成合成形容词做定语时，当数词与单位名词一起构成合成形容词做定语时，当数词与单位名词一起构成合成形容词做定语时，单位名词往往用单数形式单位名词往往用单数形式单位名词往往用单数形式单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名数词与单位名数词与单位名数词与单位名词用词用词用词用“-”连接。连接。连接。连接。*He is a fourteen-year-old boy.He is a fourteen-year-old boy.*This is a two-hour plan.*This is a two-hour plan.7.Look at that old man.He is_.A.a friend of my B.a friend of mine C.A mes friend D.a my friend 重难点突破重难点突破B*物主代词与物主代词与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any等词共同修饰名词时，需用双重所有格，其构成为等词共同修饰名词时，需用双重所有格，其构成为:名词名词+of+of+名词所有格（或名词性物主代词）如：名词所有格（或名词性物主代词）如：thatnovelofherbrothers她兄弟的那本小说friendofmineoneofmyfriends我的一位朋友somestudentsofJohnssomeofJohnsstudents约翰的一些学生someinventionsofEdisons爱迪生的一些发明双重所有格双重所有格8.Its _from our school to my home.A.ten minutes walk B.ten minutes walkC.ten minute walk D.ten minutes walk重难点突破重难点突破Atwo monthstwo months vacation=two-month vacation vacation=two-month vacation表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等的名词的所有格要用“s”来表示。此表达可以和合成形容词互换此表达可以和合成形容词互换如：onehundredmilesjourney一百英里的旅程aboatslength一条船的长度twopoundsweight两磅的重量tendollarsworth十美元的价值sixminuteswalkasix-minutewalk步行六分钟的路程注意：一些名词表示所属关系时，通常并不使用所有格，而是借助于某些介词。如：thekeytothedoor门的钥匙thewaytotheschool去学校的路theanswertothequestion问题的答案1.Ten years _(is,are)short time for me.2.A pair of shoes _(is,are)under the bed.3.The number of the students in our school _(is,are)2,000.4.The woman with two children _(is,are)coming here.5.Neither he nor I _(are,am)an American.isisisisam指点迷津指点迷津6.Maths _(are,is)hard to learn for the boy.7.They are all _(woman,teachers;women teachers).8.The population of China _(are,is)over 1,300,000,000.isiswomen teachers9.There are many _(peoples,people)in the street in summer.10.One of the students _(have,has)gone to Shanghai.peoplehasThe Browns is going to visit China.()The Browns are going to visit China.()The young is dancing there.()The young are dancing there.()Physics are very difficult to learn.()典型例题解析典型例题解析Physics is very difficult to learn.()We have five Germen in this meeting.()We have five Germans in this meeting.()This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary.()This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries.()根据所给单词的正确形式填空：根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on _.(foot)3.I know one of the_.(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of_.(glass)5.Please give them their _.(photo)ideasfootboysglassesphotosNOUN.NOUN.6.Are there any _ in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve _ in a year.(month)8.Would you like some_?(tomato)9.Look at those _ in the boats!(people)10.Look!The _are singing.(woman)watchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomen11.September 10th is _Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some _.(knife)13.How much are these _?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty_ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy)TeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucys单项选择题1.Look!Thekitesintheskyaredifferent_.Somearebigandsomearesmall.AsizeBsizesCcolorDcolors2.-Ihearyourunforhalfanhourevery.-Right,wehaveto.Itisoneofthe_inourschool.ArulesBplansChobbiesDchoices3.Thestudentofgrade7visitedMikesfarmandsawmany_there.AbirdBduckCsheepDrabbitBACThank you!Thank you!谢谢