八大句子成分和五个基本句型.ppt
八大句子成分和五个简单句型八大句子成分和五个简单句型八大句子成分八大句子成分v主语，主语，v谓语，谓语，v宾语，宾语，v定语，定语，v状语，状语，v表语，表语，v补足语，补足语，v同位语同位语v1）主语：是一）主语：是一个个句句子子的主体的主体、主题、主题，是全，是全句述说的对象。句述说的对象。vStudents study.vWe are friends.v2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：放在主语的后面。如：vWe plant trees every year.vWe study for the people.vI can speak a little English.v3）宾语：表示行为的对）宾语：表示行为的对象，动作的承受者象，动作的承受者vPeople make chances.vI am reading a book.vI like to play with him.v4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。句担任。vThis is a red sun.vHe is a tall boy.vI bought an English-Chinese dictionary.v）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。vThe students study hard.vI often write to him.vI sleep at night.vHe sat there.v）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。一般由名词或者形容词担任。一般与连系一般与连系动词构成系表结构。动词构成系表结构。vThis table is long.vHer face turned red.vThe rubbish smells terrible.7.补语，起补充说明的作用补语，起补充说明的作用v I asked him I asked him to have dinner.to have dinner.v 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 vI consider him a gentleman.I consider him a gentleman.v8.8.同位语同位语v两个结构，前后项所指相同，句法功能也两个结构，前后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，后者是前者的同位语。相同，后者是前者的同位语。vMr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.us.Practice:The tall boy often plays football in the playground at weekends.(定语定语)主语主语 (状语状语)+)+谓语谓语 +宾语宾语（状语（状语 状语）状语）基本句型之一：主基本句型之一：主+谓谓+宾宾五个基本句型五个基本句型基本句型一基本句型一:基本句型二基本句型二:基本句型三基本句型三:基本句型四基本句型四:基本句型五基本句型五:S+Vi.(主主+谓谓)S+Lv+P (主主+系系+表表)S+Vt.+O (主主+谓谓+宾宾)S+Vt.+IO+DO(主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾)S+Vt.+O+C (主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补)1.S+Vi.(主主+谓谓)1.The sun was shining.太阳在照耀着太阳在照耀着.2.The moon rose.月亮升起了月亮升起了.2.S+Lv+P (主主+系系+表表)1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典这是本英汉辞典.2.The dinner smells good.午餐的气味很好午餐的气味很好.3.S+Vt.+O (主主+谓谓+宾宾)1.Who knows the answer？谁知道答谁知道答案？案？2.He enjoys reading.他喜欢看书他喜欢看书.3.He admits that he made a mistake.他承认犯了错误他承认犯了错误.4.S+Vt.+IO+DO(主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾)1.She ordered herself a new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳她给自己定了一套新衣裳.2.I showed him my pictures.我给他看我给他看我的照片我的照片.3.He bought you a dictionary.他给他给你买了一本字典你买了一本字典.5.S+Vt.+O+C (主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补)1.They painted the door green.他们把门漆成绿色他们把门漆成绿色.2.They found the house deserted.他们发现那房子无人居住他们发现那房子无人居住.3.What makes him think so？他怎他怎么会这样想？么会这样想？
