最新中考英语语法专题复习 动词.ppt
动词,动词的分类,1.系动词2.实义动词（及物和不及物）3.助动词4.情态动词,系动词：连系表语的词。系动词有词义，不能独立做谓语。He is wrong.(系词+表语做谓语),一、系动词,be（am,is,are,was,were） 感官动词 (look,smell,taste,sound,feel,seem) 表示发展变化的词 (turn,get,keep,become),系动词,他是强壮的。He is strong.你必须保持健康。You must keep healthy.树叶变绿了。The leaves turn green.莉莉似乎很生气。Lily seems very angry.,Exercise,1.Autumn is coming,the leaves _yellow.2.The girl _beautiful.3.The food_delicious.4.Autumn is coming,it_colder and colder.5.That song _ well.,turn,looks,tastes,gets,sounds,二、实义动词,能独立做谓语的词，按句法作用分为及物和不及物动词。,I hit her.He cut his finger.The sun rises.,及物vt.,不及物vi.,及物vt.,A-A-A,hurt-hurt-hurt（受伤、伤害）,A-B-B,say-said-said stand-stood-stood spend-spent-spentthink-thought-thought buy-bought-bought bring-brought-broughtcatch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught,hold-held-heldlend-lent-lent send-sent-sent leave-left-left meet-met-met sweep-swept-swept sleep-slept-slept keep-kept-kept,A-B-C,Orise-rose-risen write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolen Oride-rode-ridden Odrive-drove-driven sing-sang-sung,Otake-took-taken Ogive-gave-given fly-flew-flownOknow-knew-known Othrow-threw-thrown eat-ate-eaten forget-forgot-forgotten,三、助动词,I like it.其中like是实意动词，如何变否定疑问.用do来帮助它，我们把do、does、did等称为助动词。I dont like it.Do you like it?,助动词，无词义，不能独立做谓语，帮助构成时（态），语（态），否（定句）和疑（问句）。常见助动词有五个，be,do,have,shall,will.be构成被动与进行，do构成疑问和否定have构成现在完成时，shall,will表示将来时,be(am/is/are/was/were),1.I am watering the flowers. 帮助构成（现在/过去）进行时。2.Tom was hit by his father yesterday. 帮助构成被动语态。小测试：She is Lily.(is 是助动词吗？)答案：NO.,have/has/had,I have a book.其中have是助动词吗？答案：NO.have/had+V.过去分词现在完成时/过去完成时 其中have是助动词吗？ 答案：YES.,will/shall,用于一般将来时态。will用于所有人称，shall只用于第一人称。She will finish her homework in ten minutes.Shall I take an umbrella?,四、情态动词,She can speak French and I cant. 什么叫情态动词？表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等情感或状态。,情态动词的特征,He can speak English well,but I cant.We must stay here. 情态动词有词义，不能单独做谓语，无人称和数的变化，后面必须接动词原形。,can/could/be able to,1.三个都表“能力”could 是can的过去式。 eg: I couldnt speak English. I can speak English now. 将来能力使用shall/will/be able to. eg: I will be able to speak French.,2. can/could 表“请求、允许” could 比can 更委婉。 eg:Could I borrow your book?3. can/could 表“怀疑、推测” 可能性 cant be eg:It cant be Lilys bag.,may/might,1.表“请求、许可” might 比may更委婉、客气。 eg:May I come in? Might I come in?2. “可能”，表推测。 可能性 may be >might beeg:He may come tomorrow. He might come tomorrow.,must/have to,必须,不得不,1.must表个人意志和主观上的必要，意为“必须”“应该”用于一般现在时；I must go now.2.have to表客观上的必要。意为“必须”“不得不”除可用于现在时外，还可以表将来时shall/will have to和过去式had to。,1.这台电视机不能用了，我们必须买台新的。 This TV doesnt work.We have to buy a new one.2.那时我们必须买台新的。 We had to buy a new one.3.我们将不得不买台新的。 We will have to buy a new one.,I _study hard,because I want to go to Beijing University.I _go shopping,because the fridge is empty now.,must,have to,should/would/ought to,1.You are his mother,you_look after him.2.You are a student,you_study hard.3.She would be glad if you _ help her.,应该,愿意,理所应当,ought to,should,would,情态动词表推测,> > >,must be,cant be,may be,might be,dare , need,既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。做情态动词，无人称、数变化，主要用于否定句和疑问句,情态动词类型,1.只作情态动词的有：must,can(could),may(might)2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有need，dare3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有will(would).shall(should)4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有have to,ought to,
