人教版新目标英语九年级上册重点知识梳理全册.docx

Unitl How can we become good learners?【短语归纳】1. have conversation with sb. 同某人谈话2. too.to. 太而不能3. the secret to的秘诀4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事5. look up 查阅6. repeat out loud 大声跟读7. make mistakes in 在方面犯错误8. connectwith. 把和连接/联系起来9. get bored 感到厌烦10. be stressed out 焦虑不安的11. pay attention to 注意；关注12. depend on 取决于；依靠13. the ability to do sth.做某事的能力【单元知识点】1. by + doing ：通过方式 （by是介词,后面要跟动名词,也就是动词的ing形式）2. talk about谈论，议论，讨论The students often talk about movie after class.学生们常常在课后 讨论电影。talk to sb= talk with sb 与某人说话当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态（一般过去时，过去 进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）He said （that） he was at home.他说他在家里。I didn't know that she was singing now.我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Did you know when he would be back?你知道他将会什么时候回 来？二、感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由what或how引导。现分述如下：由what引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：1 .可用句型：" What + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语+其他）!如：What a nice present it is!它是一件多么好的礼物啊！What an interesting book it is!它是一本多么有趣的书啊！2 .可用句型："What +形容词+可数名词复数（+主语+谓语+ 其他）!如:What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花啊！What good children they are!他们是多么好的孩子啊！3 .可用句型:“What +形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语+其 他）!如：What fine weather it is today!今天天气多好啊！What important news it is!多重要的新闻啊！由how引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：1 .可用句型：“ How +形容词/副词（+主语+谓语+其 他）! 如:How careful she is!她多么细心啊！How fast he runs!他跑得多快啊！2 .可用句型："How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）!如:How beautiful a girl she is!她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！3 .可用句型：“How +主语+谓语！如：How time flies!光阴似箭！由what引导的感叹句与由how引导的感叹句有时可以转换， 但句中局部单词的顺序要有所变化。如：How beautiful a girl she is! = What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are! = How delicious these cakes are!Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?【必记单词】stamp n.邮票rush v.& n.仓促；急促suggest v.建议；提议mail v.邮寄 n.邮件；信件convenient adj.便利的；方便的【短语归纳】1. used to过去常常2. be afraid of 害怕3. From time to time 时常；有时4. turn red 变红5. take up开始做6. deal with对付;应付7. not.anymore 不再8. tons of attention 很多关注9. worry about 担忧10. be careful 留神11. hang out 闲逛12. give up 放弃13. thank about 考虑14. a very small number of.极少数的15. be alone 独处16. give a speech 做演讲【单元知识点】1. 宾语从句；宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。构成：连接词+主语+谓语常由下面的一些连接词引导：由that引导，表示陈述意义，另外that可省略He says （that） he is at home.他说他在家里。由if, whether引导，表示一般疑问意义（带有是否、己否等 意思）I don't know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish.我不知道韦华是否喜 欢鱼。由连接代词、连接副词（疑问词）引导，表示特殊疑问意义Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？从句时态要与主句一致；当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况 使用任何时态（这一点要注意，好好看下下面的例子）He says （that ） he is at home,他说他在家里。She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道 我是否已经完成了我的作业。当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态（一般过去时，过 去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）（重要）He said （that） he was at home.他说他在家里。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我 是否已经完成了我的作业。2. get V.得到、买、到达3. make a telephone call 打 4. save money省钱、存钱5. 问路常用的句子：Do you know where is . ?Can you tell me how can I get to . ?Could you tell me how to get to . ?Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地 询问事情Could you tell me how to get to the park? 请你告诉我怎么才能 去邮局好吗？上面句子中的how to get to the park是疑问词与动词不定式连用， 用作宾语，但不是宾语从句（这一点要搞清楚，它不是宾语从句）， 相当于how I can get to the park （宾语从句）I don't know how to solve the problem =I don't know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I will leave?你能告诉我什么时候离开?6. 日常交际用语：take the elevator / escalator to the . floor.乘电梯/自动扶梯到楼turn left / right = take a left / right 向左/ 右转go straight向前直走（straight这个词经常考）7. next to旁边、紧接着（常见短语）Lily is next to Ann.莉莉就在安的旁边。8. between . and.在和之间（重中之重）Lily is between Ann and Tom.莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。9. decide to do决定做（重点用法，记着decide后面要用不定 式 to do）She decided to go to have lunch.她决定去吃午餐。make a decision做个决定（常见短语）10. Is that a good place to hang out?那是不是一个闲荡的好地 方？上面句子中的to hang out修饰前面的名词place,是不定式作定 语。如There are something to eat.这有吃的东西。句子中的to eat 修饰代词something,作定语。11. kind of+adj/adv.译为“有点、一点”（常见短语）She is kind of shy.她有点害羞。12. expensive贵的 反义词 inexpensive不贵的13. crowded拥挤的（这个有时候会考） 反义词 uncrowded不拥挤的14. take a vacation 二二 go on a vacation 去度假15. dress up 打扮 dress up as 打扮成He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas.他想要打扮成圣诞老 人。16. on the beach 在海滩上，介词用on17. politely adv.有礼貌地 polite adj.有礼貌的18. depend on :根据、依靠、依赖、决定于Living things depend on the sunlight.生物对阳光有依赖性。That depends on how you did it.那决定于你怎样做这件事。19. prefer动词，更喜欢、宁愿。常用的结构有：prefer sth.更喜欢某事 I prefer English.我更喜欢英语。prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。prefer sth to sth.同相比更喜欢I prefer dogs to cats.与猫相比我更喜欢狗。prefer doing to doing宁愿做某事而不愿做某事I prefer walking to sitting.我宁愿走路也不愿坐着prefer to do rather than do宁愿做某事而不愿做某事I prefer to work rather than be free.我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。（我再 次强调一下，prefer的用法真的很重要，这不是开玩笑）20. on the other hand 另一方面（一方面：on one hand.对于这样 的短语大家完全可以放在作文中，这样可以使文章增色不少）21. 把借给某人：lend sb. sth.=lend sth to sb.（反义词: borrow. .from.)Lily lent me her book = Lily lent her book to me.莉莉把她的书 借给了我。22. such as 例如23. I'm sorry to do sth.对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。24. in a way在某种程度说25. in order to 为了.，表目的。He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他起早床，是为了赶 上头班公共汽车。26. 同级比拟:as.asas +形容词/副词原级+ as ,表示“和一样的”“和一 样的”He works as hard as we.他工作和我们同样努力。Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.【短语归纳】1. be more interested in 对更感兴趣.2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 体操课.5. worry about 担忧.6. all the time 一直，总是7. chat with 与闲聊8. hardly ever几乎从不walk to school = go to school on foot 步行去上学 take the bus to school = go to school by bus 乘车去上学9. as well as不仅而且【重点句子】1.1 used to be afraid of the dark.我过去常常前害怕黑暗.2.1 go to sleep with my bedroom light on.我开着卧室的灯睡觉.3.1 used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前 我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.4. I hardly ever have time for concerts.我几乎没有时间去听音乐 会.5. My life has changed a lot in the last few years.6. It will make you stressed out.那会使你紧张的.7. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot.玉梅似乎变化很大.【单元知识点】l.used to do sth.过去常常做某事（这个知识点考的很多，大家要 注意这个短语的意思，还要记着used后面用的是不定式to do）如：He used to play football after school.放学后他过去常常踢足 球。 2.反意疑问句（反义疑问句遵循这样一个原那么，前肯定后 否认，前否认后肯定）肯定陈述句+否认提问如：Lily is astudent, isn't she?否认陈述句+肯定提问如：She doesn't come from China,does she?提问局部用代词而不用名词如：Lily is a student, isn'tshe?陈述句中含有否认意义的词，$0： little, few, never, nothing, hardly等，其反意疑问句用肯定式（对于第四点大家不要忽视，尤其 是列举的这几个词，出题的时候经常遇到，对于下面的两个例子大家 要仔细看一下，要把这个知识点彻底搞懂）。如：He knows little English, does he?他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？ They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？ 3. play the piano弹钢琴（play后面如果跟乐器,大家记住，中 间要加the）4 be interested in sth.对感兴趣be interested in doing sth.对做感兴趣（对于这两个用法大家3. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.?做.怎么样？ （about 后面要用 动词的ing形式，这一点考试考的比拟多）如：What/ How about going shopping?Why don't you + do sth.?你为什么不做？（注意加黑的局部用的是动词的原型）如：Why don't you go shopping?Why not + do sth. ?为什么不做？（注意加黑的局部用的是动词的原型）如：Why not go shopping?Let's + do sth.让我们做吧。（注意加黑的局部用的是动词的原型）如： Let's go shoppingShall we/1 + do sth.? 我们/我好吗？如：Shall we/1 go shopping?4. a lot许多，常用于句末。$n： I eat a lot.我吃了许多。5. tooto :太而不能常用的句型：too+形容词/副词+ to do sth.： Tm too tired to say anything.我太累了，什么都不想说。6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法，三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。aloud是副词，通常放在动词之后。loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh一定要掌握，切记切记）如:He is interested in math, but he isn't interested in speaking English.他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。5. interested adj.感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物 （对于interested和interesting要区分清楚，一个主语往往使人，一个 主语往往是物）6. still 仍然，还 如：I'm still a student.7. dark天黑8. be terrified of sth.害怕 如：I am terrified of the dog.be terrified of doing sth.害怕做如：I am teiTified of speaking.9. on副词，其反义词off1（）. walk to somewhere ： 步行到某处11. spend动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”（spend和pay for它们 的主语都是人，这一点大家要清楚）©spend.on sth.在某事上花费（金钱、时间）（重要考点）spend.doing sth.花费（金钱、时间）去做某事（重要考点， 尤其要注意动名词，也就是动词的ing形式，很容易出现在选择题中） 如：He spends too much time on clothes.他花费太多的时间在衣着He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这 座桥。Pay for:花费 如：I pay 10 yuan for the book.我花了 10 元 买这本书。12. take:动词，有“花费”的意思，常用的结构有：take sb. . to do sth.花费某人多长时间做什么事（在这个用法 中，主语经常是it,这一点要清楚，大家仔细看一下下面的例子）。 如：It takes me a day to read the book.13. chat with sb.与某人闲聊如：I like to chat with him.我喜欢和他聊天。14. worry about sb./ sth.担忧某人/某事（重要考点，大多考它的 意思），worry是动词be worried about sb./sth.担忧某人/某事,worried 是形容词如：Don worry about him.不用担忧他。Mother is worried about her son.妈妈担忧他的儿子。15. all the time 一直、始终16. take sb. to +地方：送/带某人去某个地方如：A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。17. hardly adv.几乎不、没有。hardly修饰动词时，通常放 在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前，助动词/情态动词+hardly ; hardly +实义动词如：I can hardly understand them.我几乎不能够明白他们。I hardly have time to do it.我几乎没有时间去做了。18. miss v.思念、想念、错过19. in the last few years.在过去的几年内，常与完成时连用 如：I have lived in China in the last few years.在过去的几年内我在中 国住。20. be different from与不同（常见考点，考的最多的是它的意 思，大家只需要记住它的意思，做题的时候具体问题再具体分析即可）21. how to swim ：怎样游泳不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定式短语。如：The question is when to start.问题是什么时候开始。I don't know where to go.我不知道去哪。22. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happymake sb./ sth. + 动词原形make him laugh23. move to + 地方：搬到某地如：I moved to Beijing lastyear.24. it se6ms that +从句 看起来好像 （重要考点）如：It seems that he has changed a lot.看起来他好像变了许多。25. help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人（注意介词with,在某 方面帮助要用这个介词）help sb. （to ） do sth.帮某人做某事（to经常省略）She helped me with English.她帮助我学英语。She helped me (to) study English.她帮助我学习英语。26. 行fteen-year-old :作形容词，15岁的。(有一点要提醒大家，中间的year用的是单数）fifteen years old 指年龄，15 岁。 如:a fifteen-year-old boy 一个 15 岁的男孩27. can9t afford to do sth,支付不起can9t afford sth.支付不起如：I can't afford to buy the car.I can't afford the car.我买不起这个辆小车。28. as +形容词/副词+ as sb+could/can 尽某人的能力 如：Zhou run as fast as her could/can.她尽她最快的能力去跑。29. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦3（）. in the end 最后31. make a decision ： 下决定, 下决心32. to one surprise ：令某人惊讶（往往出现在完型中,让我们 填 surprise）如 to their surprise 令他们惊讶to LiLei's surprise 令李雷惊讶33. take pride in sth.以而自豪如：His father always take pride in him.他的爸爸总是以他而自豪34. pay attention to sth.对注意，留心 如：You must pay attention to your friend.你应该多注意你的朋友。35. be able to do sth.能做某事如：She is able to do it.她能够做到。36. give up doing sth.放弃做某事（注意up后面用的是动词的什么形式） 如：My father has given up smoking.我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。37. 不再 no more =no longer 如：I play tennis no more.我不再打网球。not any more = not .any longer 如：I don't play tennis any longer.我不再打网球。38. go to sleep 入睡Unit 5 What are the shirts made of?【短语归纳】1. be made of 由制造2. be made in 在制造3. environmental protection 环境保护4. be famous for 以而著名5. be produced in 在生产6. be known for 以闻名7. as far as I know 据我所知8. pick by hand手工采摘9. send for 发送10. avoid doing sth 防止做某事11. everyday things 日用品【重点句子】1. What are the shirts made of?衬衫是由什么制成的？2. It was made in Thailand.它是在泰国制造的。3. No matter what you made buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.无论你买什么，你会认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。4. The international kite festival is held in April every year. 国际风 筝节是在每年的四月举行。5. Laura didn't know that kite flying could be so exciting.劳拉不知道放飞风筝可能会如此令人兴奋。【单元知识点】1. made of由制（构）成，后接构成某物质的原料。例：This skirt is made of silk.这件裙子是用丝绸制成的。be made of/from/up of 的区别（1） be made of表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么 保 留原材料的质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化。例：The kite is made of paper.风筝是用纸做的。（2） be made from表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或 特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化，在成品中已无法识别。例：The paper is made from wood.纸是木头做的。Butter is made from milk.黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。（3） be made up of用构成或组成的，指人、物皆可，指结构成分。例：Our class is made up of six groups.我们班是由六个小组组成 的。2. It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.好像全世界的许多人都在喝中国茶。句型句seems that”意为“看起来好像/似乎”,其中seem是 连系动词，意为“似乎；好像”，句型中的it是形式主语，不能用其他 代词来替代。例：It seems that he was late for the train.看来他没赶上火车。seem的几种常见结构：(1) seem to do sth 此句型可与“It seems that.”转换。例： They seem to find the way to the cinema. =It seems that they find the way to the cinema.他们似乎找到了去电影院的路了。(2) seem+形容词例：My temperature seems (to be) all right.我的体温看上去正常 了。(3) seem+名词例：That seems not a bad idea.看上去主意不错。3. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing in factory.当茶叶成熟时，就被用手工采摘然后送到工厂加工。此句是由when引导的时间状语从句，are picked, are sent都是一 般现在时的被动结构。(列：When the fruit are ready, they are picked and are sent to the mark for sale.当这些水果成熟后就被摘下来并送到市场上卖掉。4. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.无论你买什么，你都可能认为那些产品是在那些国家生产的。此句为由no matter +特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。意为“无论相当于 whatevero例：No matter what I said to her, she still didn't believe me.无论我对她说什么，她仍然不相信我。5. find out,查出，找到。指有目的，经过一定努力才找到。例： The police are trying to find out where the boy got off the train. 警察正在查找这个男孩是从哪下的火车。find, find out 与 look for find, find out 和 look for 都含有“寻找、 找到''的意思，但其含义和用法却不同。find意为“找到、发现”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可 指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调的是找的结果。【例句】 Will you find mea pen?你替我找支钢笔好吗？ He didn't find his b汰e.他没 找到他的自行车。 look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻 找”这一动作。例：I don't find my pen, I'm looking fbr it everywhere. 我没有找 到我的钢笔，我正到处找。 He is looking for his shoes.他在找他的 鞋子。find out意为“找出、发现、查明”，多指通过调查、寻问、打 听、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义， 指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。例：Please find out when the train leaves.请查一下火车什么时候离站。Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question.【语法归纳】一般现在时态的被动结构及用法一、概念理解1.时态：在英语语言中，时态主要讨论行为动词发生的时间。如：He often helps me with my English.他经常帮助我学英语。 （help这个动作经常发生often；故用一般现在时）英语中常用的时 态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进 行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时等等。1 .语态：在英语语言中，语态主要讨论句子主语与行为动词的 关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主语是动作的发出者（执行者）为主动语态。如：The tall boy often hits his classmates （主语 boy 是谓语动词 hit的发出者）。 主语是动作的接受者（承受者）为被动语态。汉语中常用“被， “给”、”由，“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be +及物 动词的过去分词构成 如：Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world （主语Chinese是谓语动词speak的接受者）。3语态与时态的关系：在任何一个英语句子中都同时存在语态时 态，他们是分析一个英语句子的两个主要元素。如： He is looking after his sister at home.（此句为现在进行时的主动语态结构） 等动词连用，多用于比拟级，须放在动词之后。如:She told us to speak a little louder.她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词，与loud同义，有时两者可替换使用，可位于动 词之前或之后。如：He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public,他不当众大 声谈笑。7. not .at all 一点也不，根本不如：I like milk very much, I don't like coffee at all.我非常喜欢牛 奶，我一点也不喜欢咖啡。not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all那么放在句尾8. be / get excited about sth.对感兴奋9. end up doing sth :终止做某事，结束做某事如：The party ended up singing.晚会以唱歌而结束。end up with sth.以结束（注意介词with）如：The party ended up with her singing.晚会以她的歌唱而告 终。10. first of all首先（这个短语可用在作文中，使得文章有层次）11. also也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间either也（用于否认句）常在句末too也（用于肯定句）常在句末（它们三个的区分要清楚，尤其要知道用在什么句子中以及各自的位置）12. make mistakes 犯错I often make mistakes.我经常犯 He is being looked after well by his parents.（此句为现在进行时的被动语态结构）说明：我们以前所学的各种时态的结构其实都时主动语态的各种 时态结构。二、被动语态最基本的句型结构：be +及物动词过去分词 说明：、be有时态，人称和数的变化。、被动语态中的谓语动词必须是及物动词；因为被动句中的主 语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of,