英语新设计江苏专用版必修五讲义Unit1PeriodTwo.docx
Period Two Word power & Grammar and usagePart I Language Focus课前预习学前热身，成竹在胸I .单词自测.mailbox .邮箱mailman .邮递员1 .amusement n.娱乐，消遣amuse 使开心,使发笑amusing。力.有趣的,令人发笑的3.identity 儿身份identification n.身份证明identify 3.认出,识别4.absurd adj.荒JS的，怪诞的II .短语默写1 .stay up熬夜. tell jokes 讲笑话.no doubt毫无疑问.cheer sb up 使某人振奋2 .would rather 宁愿.rather than 而不是.look forward to doing sth盼望做某事要点探究互动课堂，高效学习 单词 Ldoubt ”怀疑；不相信语境感悟(1)(教材 P7)I have no doubt he will succeed.我毫不怀疑他将会成功。(2)She doubts whether she'll be successful.她怀疑她能否成功。(3)1 have some doubt whether he will win the prize.D.so docs his wife答案B解析 句意：我的历史老师从来不在网上购买书籍，他的妻子也是这样。当表示”也 不”时，常使用句型“neithe”nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”，相当于“主语+ 否认谓语+either”。根据句意，此处表示否认，应选B。2 . some people claim they can predict the future, there is no scientific basis behind it.A.AsB.OnceC.WhileD.Because答案C解析 句意：尽管有一些人声称他们能够预测未来，但没有科学根据。as当时候，因为； once 一旦；while在 时候（后接持续性动词），虽然，然而；because因为。根据句意，此 处表示让步，应选C。3 .The relative government has to a new idea for getting rid of tons of human waste without having to create new landfills.A.consist ofB.get away fromC e up withD e across答案C解析 句意：相关政府必须想出处理数以吨计的人类废弃物的新方法并且无需建设新的垃圾 填埋场。consist of 由组成；get away from 摆脱：come up with 提出;come across（偶然）遇到，碰到。4 .My father is coughing heavily recently.You'd better .It's bad fbr his health.A.discourage him from smokingB.keep him smokingC.force him to stop to smokeD.persuade him to smoke答案A解析 答句句意：你最好阻止他抽烟。抽烟对他的身体有害处。keep sb doing让某人一直做； force sb to do sth强迫某人做某事；persuade sb to do sth劝服某人做某事，均不符合题意。 discourage sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事，符合题意。10/285.Little Tom broke a window in our class.一I would rather he that.A.hasn't doneB.didn't doC.hadn't doneD.not do答案C解析 句意：小汤姆打坏了我们班的窗户。我宁愿他没做过。would rather后接宾语 从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。由句中的broke可知是对过去的虚拟，应选C。Part II Grammar动词不定式和动名词 啕国精讲动词不定式一、动词不定式的句法功能.作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：把动词不定式置于句首。To blame the worker will not make up for the loss.责备那个工人弥补不了损失。用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末。It's absurd to make that remark on the scientific conclusion.对这一科学结论做出那样的评论是荒唐的。1 .作宾语动词不定式作宾语经常跟在以下动词后面：afford（负担得起），choose（选择），attempt（企图）， agree（同意）,arrange（安排），promise（承诺）,refuse（拒绝）,want（想要）,intend（打算），manage（设 法），plan（计划），pretend（假装），determine（决定），expect（期望），forget（忘记），remember（记 着）等。Our boss agreed to hire another ten workers to finish the work on time.我们老板同意雇用另外10个工人以按时完成这一工作。He pretended to master French.In fact, he knew nothing of it.他假装精通法语，其实他对此一窍不通。2 .作宾语补足语英语中有些动词能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语。假设句子变为被动句，那么原先作宾语补足语的动词不定式就相应地成为主语补足语了。(1)能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：advise, allow, persuade, encourage, cause, force, forbid, require, expect, order 等。Allow me to introduce my impression of the beast.允许我介绍一下我对这一野兽的印象。(2)bclieve, consider, declare, feel, find, imagine, judge, know, prove, suppose, think 等 动词后可接to be型动词不定式作宾语补足语。The young man declared himself to be one member of the circus.那个年轻人自称是马戏团的一员。注意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语。3 .作表语动词不定式往往放在连系动词be的后面作表语(become, sound, taste等连系动词后面一般不 接动词不定式)，表示将来的情况或说明主语的内容。动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构中： My wish力ob/aim/goal is . 及 The next step/measure is 等。My wish is to become a biologist or an editor.我的愿望是成为一名生物学家或者一名编辑。The next step is to prevent the quarrel from becoming worse.下一步是阻止争吵变得更糟。4 .作定语动词不定式常常放在名词(如ability, chance, way等)或不定代词后面作后置定语，其逻辑主 语往往是句子的主语，故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式；如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不 是句子的主语，那么该动词不定式要用被动式。Do you have anything to do tonight?你今晚有什么事要做吗？(主动)I am going to Changsha tomorrow.Do you have anything to be taken there?明天我要去长沙。你有什么东西要捎去吗？(被动)学法点拨 A the first, the second, the third, the last 等之后,或由 the first, the second, the third, the last等或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，常接动词不定式作定语。Who was the first to put forward such good advice?谁是第一个提出这么好的建议的人？The last one to come should be blamed.最后来的人应受责备。5 .作状语动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因或结果等。作结果状语时，可以表示没有预料到的 或事与愿违的结果，动词不定式要放在句子后面。Fve come to apologize to you.我来是为了向你抱歉的。（目的）I'm lucky to keep pace with you.赶上你我很幸运。（原因）Wc hurried to reach the station only to be told that the train had left.我们急匆匆地到达车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。（结果）（2）动词不定式作目的状语的常用结构有:only to do（仅仅为了），in order to do, so as to do, so/such. as to（如此以便）。Thal spy went to the navy base so as to monitor the navy's movement.那个间谍去海军基地以便监视海军的举动。That master of Chinese arts crafts went there in order to get enough clay.那位中国工艺美术大师去那儿是为了获取足够的陶土。I added some liquid to the bottle only to see how the chemicals reacted.我往瓶子里加了一些液体只是为了看看化学品是如何反响的。动词不定式作结果状语的常用结构有：never to do再也没有做，so+形容词/副词+as to., such +名词短语+ as to，only lo竟然 （表示与所预料的相反的结果），形容词/副词+ enough lo足够以至于，too. to.太而不能。He was in such a hurry as not to button his jacket.他如此匆忙，以至于连夹克衫的纽扣都没有系上。He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头竟然砸了自己的脚。The girl was too sensitive to the criticism to focus her mind on her work.这个女孩对批评很敏感，以至于不能集中精力干活。注意：only to do sth与only doing sth都可作结果状语，区别是：only to do sth表示一个与主 语愿望相反的或出乎主语意料的结果，或用来暗示最初的愿望未能实现；only doing sth表示 谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果，这种结果是自然的、合乎逻辑的。I worked hard, only to fail at last.我努力工作，最后却失败了。He died, only leaving nothing but debts.他死了，只留下i堆债务。二、动词不定式的时态和语态.一般式：to do/to be done动词不定式的一般式表示的动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词 表示的动作之后。He seems to know this.他看起来知道这件事。（动作同时发生）I hope to see you again.（ = I hope that I'll see you again.）我希望再次见到你。（发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后）.进行式：to be doing动词不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.他看起来正在吃东西。1 .完成式：to have done/to have been done动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.对不起，给你添了那么多麻烦。2 .完成进行式：to have been doing动词不定式的完成进行式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之前一直在进行的动作。She is known to have been dealing with the problems for many years.大家知道她处理这类难题已经有很多年了。注意：动词不定式的语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语与这个动词不定式有被动关系，不定式一般要用被动语态。Ifs a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。注意：某些动词如to let, to blame（负有责任）等用主动式表被动含义。The apartment is to let.这套公寓要出租。Who is to blame for it?这得怪谁？三、不带to的动词不定式.let/make/have sb do在let, make, have等使役动词之后的“宾语+作宾语补足语的动词不定式”结构中，不定式 符号to须省略。但是当make, have等用于被动语态的时候，后面的to要还原。let通常不 用于被动语态。She avoids making you feel awkward.她防止让你感觉尴尬。The teacher has us write a composition every week.老师让我们每周写一篇作文。1 . hear/see/f eel/watch . sb do在hear, see, feel, watch, observe, notice, listen to等感官动词（词组）后作宾语补足语的动 词不定式不带t。，但是当这些词（词组）用于被动语态时，后面的动词不定式不能省略to。I never saw him speak like that.我从未看到过他那样说话。The person was seen to enter the shop by us.我们看见那个人进了那家商店。（不能省略t。）.would rather/had better/why not do在would rather/had better/why not等词后的动词不定式通常省略to。We would rather rent the house than buy it outright.我们宁可租这幢房子，也不愿一次性付款买下它。He'd rather chat than play football outside.他宁愿聊天，也不愿出去踢足球。You had better go there at once.你最好立即去那里。Now that you are moving into a new apartment, why not buy some new furniture?既然你要搬进一套新的公寓，为什么不买一些新家具呢？You can get another phone card for free if you buy one. Why not buy one?这种 卡买一送一，为什么不买一张呢？2 .由and/or/except/but/rather than连接的第二个动词不定式常省略to由and/or/exccpt/but/rather than连接两个及两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的动词不定式时， 第二个动词不定式不带to。但是如果两个动词不定式表示对照或比照，那么不能省略t。rd like to stay with you, help you and learn from you.我想留下和你一起，帮助你并且向你学习。She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.她告诉我们待在家里一直等到她回来。To try and fail is better than not to try at all.尝试后失败比一点儿也不尝试好。He hasn't decided whether to go or to stay.他还没有决定是去还是留。动名词一、动名词的句法功能.作主语动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Protecting endangered animals like whales is our duty.保护像鲸这样的濒危动物是我们的职责。Arguing with a woman like her is of no use.和她那样的女人争吵是没用的。1 .作动词宾语The boy hasn't admitted making a terrible mistake.那个男孩还没有成认他犯了一个可怕的错误。2 .作介词宾语That hospital insisted on supplying medical aid for free to the injured.那家医院坚持向那些伤员提供免费的医疗救助。3 .作表语动名词（短语）作表语通常放在连系动词be之后。句子主语一般是表示无生命的事物的名词或 what引导的名词性从句。表语和主语是对等的关系时，两者的位置往往可以互换。Her job is teaching=Teaching is her job.）她的工作是教学。What he hates most is being laughed at.他最痛恨的是被嘲笑。4 .作定语动名词（短语）作定语修饰名词，表示该名词的性质、功能、用途等。He can't walk without a walking stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？二、只能接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的动词英语中有些动词只能接动名词不能接动词不定式作宾语。常见的有：admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider（考虑），mind, avoid, enjoy, practise, miss, finish, keep, suggest, recommend 等。I dislike being the centre of attention.我不喜欢成为注意力的焦点。三、只能接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的动词短语英语中有些动词短语只能接动名词或名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。常见的有：cannot help（禁不住），look forward to, feel like, cannot stand, put off 等。We look forward to seeing that gifted musician.我们期望见到那位有天赋的音乐家。I cannot stand being with her any longer.我再也不能容忍和她在一起。四、接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大的动词英语中有些动词接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大，常见的有：continue, prefer, begin, hate, like, start, love 等。When I can't fall asleep, I don't take pills.I prefer to read a book.It helps.我睡不着时不是吃药，而是喜欢读书，这管用。I prefer living on the east coast rather than the west coast of the country.我更喜欢住在这个国家的东海岸而不是西海岸。注意：love, hate, hke等表示好恶的动词，用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而用动词不定 式作宾语时指某一具体行为。五、接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别较大的动词（l）forget to do sth表示“忘记做某事（未做）" ；forget doing sth表示“忘记做过某事（已做过或 已发生）”。Don't forget to prepare for the biology quiz next week.不要忘了 为下周的生物测验做准备。He forgot telling me the importance of making plans in gardening.他忘记告诉过我在园艺工作中制定规划的重要性了。（2）remember to do sth 表示“记得做某事（未做或晚于 remember 发生）"；remember doing sth 表示“记得做过某事（已做过或已发生）”。You must remember to pay the doctor's fees tomorrow.明天你一定要记着付诊疗费。Don't you remember seeing the printer in that factory?你不记得已经见过那家工厂的那名印刷 工人了吗？（3）rcgrct to do sth表示“对要做的事表示遗憾”；regret doing sth表示“对做过的事后悔”。I regret to inform you that you are not admitted into Beijing University.我很遗憾地通知你，你没有被北京大学录取。（对要发生的事表示遗憾）I regret going sightseeing last weekend.I had something more important to do.我后悔上周末去观 光了。我有更重要的事情要做。（对已发生的“去观光”这件事后悔）（4）try to do sth表示“努力/企图做某事"；try doing sth表示“试着做某事”。The criminal tried to escape, but failed.Before long, he was sentenced to three years in prison. 这名罪犯企图逃跑，但失败了。不久，他被判三年监禁。As a skilled operator Tom tried operating that new complex machine.作为一名熟练的操作人员，汤姆试着操作那台新的结构复杂的机器。mean to do sth表示“打算/有意要做某事"；mean doing sth表示“意味着做某事”。I didn't mean to quarrel with you.I just explained what I meant to you.我没打算和你争吵，我只是把我的意思跟你作了解释。This mistake will mean（your）apologizing to your friend.犯了 这种错误你就要向朋友抱歉。 跟踪 I .单项填空.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online their valuable time. （20174匕京高考）A.saveB.savingC.to saveD.saved答案C解析 句意：为了节省乘客珍贵的时间，许多航空公司现在允许乘客在网上打印登机卡。由 句意可知，不定式短语作目的状语。1 .Her library used to be a place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge。17浙江高考）A. meetingB.workingC.personalD.religious答案A解析 根据后面的for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge可知，她的图书馆是那 些喜爱读书且喜欢提供知识的人集会的地方。meeting集会，聚会，符合语境。1 .1 was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train.（2017天津高考）A.catchingB.caughtC.to catchD.to be caught答案C解析 句意：整个会议我都在看表，因为我要赶火车。A项表示主动和正在进行；B项表示 被动或完成；C项表示将来；D项表示将来的被动。根据I was watching the clock all through the meeting可知“我”要赶火车，同时，I与catch之间是主动关系，应选C。4 . it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.（2016月匕京高考）A.MadeB.MakeC.MakingD.To make答案D解析 句意：为了更容易地和我们取得联系，你最好把这张名片卡放在手头。由本句话的后 半句可知，make的逻辑主语为you, you与make之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，结合句意可知， 非谓语动词在这里作目的状语，应选D。5 .the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.（2015安徽高考）A. IgnoreB.IgnoringC.IgnoredD.Having ignored答案B解析 句意：忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。从will be one of the worst mistakes you make来看，will的前面局部是主语，因此用o. 一ing短语作主语。这里表 达一般情况，因此不用完成式。6 . more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided lo take Chinese folk music as an elective course。15福建高考）A. LearnB. LearnedC.To learnD.To be learning答案C解析 句意：为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。逗号后面 没有连词，可以判断此处应填非谓语动词，排除A项；learn与其逻辑主语Jack之间是主动我怀疑他是否会获奖。(4)There is no doubt that he will succeed eventually.毫无疑问他最终将会成功。归纳拓展have no doubi (ihat)毫不怀疑that.s no doubt that.毫无疑问whether.ome doubt whether.'疑是否whether.doubt whether.怀疑是否without/beyond doubt 无疑地；确实地whether/if. .bted whether/if某人怀疑即时跟踪完成句子这无疑是我们迄今最有用的一次会议。This meeting has been, without doubt, the most useful wc have had so far.约翰能否按时来还很难说。Theie is some doubt whethei John will come on time.2.persuade 说服，劝服；使相信语境感悟(1)(教材 P9)I'm so glad I have persuaded you to apologize to Rachel.我很高兴能够劝服你向雷切尔抱歉。(2)We persuaded her into taking the job.我们说服她接受了这份工作。(3)1 tried to persuade him not to drive too fast, but he wouldn't listen. 我努力劝说他不要开太快，可他就是不听。(4)1 persuaded him of its truth.我使他相信这是真的。归纳拓展persuade sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth 说月艮某人估攵某事persuade sb not to do sth = persuade sb out of doing sth 说月艮某人不做某事persuade sb of sth使某人信服某事try to persuade sb to do sth = advise sb to do sth 劝说某人做某事关系，排除B项；此处用动词不定式作目的状语。7 . the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.（2015北京高考）A.CatchingB.CaughtC.To catchD.Catch答案C解析 句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起床了。这里逻辑主语 是we,用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。应选C。8 .Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students what is bothering them.（2（） 15湖 南高考）A.to talk overB.talked overC.talk overD.having talked over答案A解析 句意：有时我充当了我的同学们的听众的角色，与他们详聊正在困扰他们的事情。本 句用动词不定式作目的状语，应选A。9 .After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.（2015陕西高考）A.to thankB.thankingC.having thankedD.to have thanked答案A解析 句意：在获得奥斯卡最正确女配角奖之后，安妮本尼迪克特继续感谢所有曾经在她的 事业中帮助过她的人。go on to do sth继续做另一件事；go on doing sth继续做同一件事。拿奖 后又继续做另一件事，即“感谢所有帮助过她的人"，应选A。10 .Group activities will be organized after class children develop team spirit.（2014重庆 高考）A.helpingB.having helpedC.helpedD.to help答案D解析 句意：（我们）将在课后组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。培养团队精神是 组织课外团体活动的目的，故用动词不定式，选D。11 .There are still many problems before we are ready for a long stay on the 20/28Moon.(2014北京高考)A.solvingB.solvedC.bcing solvedD.to be solved答案D解析 由there are可知，设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰problems,根据时间状语从 句可知，动作solve发生在将来，故用不定式结构，而且problems与solve之间是被动关系， 故用不定式的被动结构。12 .When it comes to in public, no one can match him.(2014江西高考)A.speakB.speakingC.being spokenD.be spoken答案B解析 句意：当提及在公共场所发言时，没有人能比得上他。when it comes to当谈及/提及/ 涉及时，其中的to是介词，后面要接名词或者动名词作宾语，故排除A、D两项。空格 处指“演讲”，故不用被动形式，选B项。II .用所给词的适当形式填空.Rather than arguc(argue) without any result, I prefer to gct(get) down to doing something practical.1 .We wanted nothing but to appeal(appeal) to people to care more for the drop-out students.2 .Though made to give(give) in to him, I insisted on making(make) my deskmate promise not to djsturb(disturb) me like that.3 .Who had you clean (clean) the windows once again?4 .We watched our friends disappear(disappear) into the darkness.5 .Wc had nothing else to do except wait(wait) for the result.6 .He didn't experience such a thing, so he looked forward to getting(get) help from me.7 .Much attention should be paid to securing(secure) our campus because the recent accidents have led to some students getting(get) seriously injured, or even dying(die).8 .Why not get(get) your children to work(work) out regu
