英语新设计译林（皖湘）版选修六讲义Unit1PartⅢ.docx

Part HI Grammar & Writing条分缕析，归纳整合I单元语法I非识语动询（i）思维导图I11接作主语非谓语动词I)岫队用i【作形式主语,柞谓语动词作真正主语作前设定语、后设定语-/ 动词不定式表将来iS /区别现在分词表主动、进行长过去分词表械动、完成.动一词表示名词的性质、功能等作宾补判断与宾语的关系作使役动词、感它和心理状态动词的宾补 ©精讲 一、动词不定式和动名词作主语.动词不定式和动名词作主语的异同动词不定式和动名词都可以作主语。动词不定式作主语多表示具体的或一次性的动作，动名词作主语那么多 表示抽象概念或一般性的动作或情况。To play with fire in the room will be dangerous.在房间里玩火是危险的。（指具体动作）Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火是危险的。（泛指玩火）.当动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，有些情况下该动词不定式前面还可以加“for/of+代词（宾 格）”结构，该代词作动词不定式的逻辑主语。It will take us half a day to participate in the activity.参加这项活动将花费我们半天的时间。It is difficult for us to come up with a solution to the problem in an hour.对我们来说在一个小时之内想出这个问题的解决方法是困难的。1 .当动名词作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语。如在 It is no use/no good/not any use/not any good/uselcss doing sth 句式中，就是用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语。It is no use arguing with him.和他争论是没有用的。二、动词不定式、分词和动名词作定语I .动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词之后，也就是作后置定语。动词不定式常常放在名词或不定代词后面 作后置定语，其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式。Do you have anything to do tonight?你今晚有什么事要做吗？（主动:d。的逻辑主语是you）1 .得知约翰要来非常高兴。告诉他可能遇到一些不同于美国的情况。2 .气候:冬天冷，有时下雪。夏天几乎不下雨，但一下起来就很大。提醒约翰带雨衣、棉衣。3 .饮食:饮食与美国很不同，他应尽力习惯中国饮食，并要学会如何使用筷子。4 .最后，请他带一张美国地图，希望早日能见面。注意:词数100左右。参考词汇:筷T chopsticks【参考范文)Dear John,Is everything going well with you? I am glad (o hear that you will come to China next month.Now let me tell you something different you may meet here.To begin with, the weather here is totally different from that in your place.lt is very cold in winter and sometimes it snows.Hardly ever does it rain in summer but whenever it does> it rains heavily.So you'd better bring a raincoat and ovcrcoat.Anothcr big difference is food.The Chinese food is quite different from yours.You have to try to get used to it, learning how to use chopsticks.rm sure you can do it.Finally, please bring me an American map if possible.Thank you very much.I am looking forward to meeting you.Yours»Li Ping名师点津I（1）当被修饰的词与动词不定式之间为被动关系时，假设该动词是不及物动词，要根据句子的需要在动词不定 式后加上适当的介词，这个介词的选用取决于被修饰词或动词不定式本身的要求。She is a very nice person to work with.她是一个很好共事的人。This is an important issue to talk about.这是一个要谈论的重要话题。I need a pen to write with.我需要一支钢笔写字。（2）动词不定式经常修饰以下名词:ability能力,本领;chance机会；courage勇气;intention意向，意图； wish希望，愿望；way方法。As a comedian > 1 have the courage to make fun of myself.作为一名喜剧演员，我有嘲弄自己的勇气。（3）在由。nly, first, last, next以及其他序数词或形容词最高级修饰的词后，也常接动词不定式作定语。 Who was the only one to stand up for us?唯一支持我们的人是谁？2 .分词作定语分词作定语，其逻辑主语是分词修饰的名词或代词。现在分词（短语）作定语，分词所表示动作发生的时间 有两种:一是表示正在进行的动作，变为从句时需要用进行时态；二是表示经常性的动作或现在的状态，变 为从句时用一般时态。而过去分词（短语）作定语表示动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的 时间性。一般来说，如果逻辑主语与分词是主动关系，那么选用现在分词；如果是被动关系，那么选用过去分 词。换句话说，及物动词的过去分词作定语，被修饰词与它之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之 前，现在已经完成。而被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生，而且表示进 行。The man standing by the window is our previous English teacher.站在窗边的那个人是我们先前的英语老师。（the man与stand构成主动关系）An island is a piece of land completely surrounded by water.岛屿就是一片完全被水围绕的陆地。（land与surround构成被动关系）名师点津I单个分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前：分词短语作定语，一般要放在被修饰词的后面。 China is a developing country.中国是一个开展中国家。3 .动名词作定语动名词作定语修饰名词，表示该名词的性质、功能等。He can't walk without a walking stick.没有拐杖他不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？名师点津动词不定式作定语表示将来的动作，现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作，过去分词作定语 表示过去的动作或被动含义。现在分词的被动式作定语表示正在进行的被动，动词不定式的被动式作定语 表示将来的被动。The building to be built next year is our new teaching building.明年要建造的那座楼是我们的新教学楼。The school built last year is intended for the disabled children.去年建的学校是为残障儿童而建的。The building being built now is our new teaching building.现在正在建造的那座楼是我们的新教学楼。三、动词不定式和分词作宾语补足语I .动词不定式作宾语补足语英语中有些动词能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语，常见的这类动词有advise, allow, ask, invite, order, tclh want. wish 等。The doctor advised her not to eat too much sugar.医生建议她不要吃太多的糖。I wish you to watch the performance with me.我希望你和我一起去看这次演出。2.分词作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是宾语。现在分词作宾语补足语时宾语与它之间是主动关系，过去分词作 宾语补足语时宾语与它之间是被动关系。The little girl had the light burning all night long.这个小女孩一整夜都让灯亮着。(light与bum之间是主动关系)I'll have my hair cut.我要找人理发。(hair与cut之间是被动关系)能跟过去分词或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词大致可分为以下几类：(l)make, get, have, keep等使役动词，此类动词使用范围最广。The thief kept the money hidden in shoes.那个小偷把钱藏在鞋里。We need to get the machine repaired at once.我们需要立即找人修理这台机器。(2)see, hear, feel, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词。Wc saw Jack mourning his pct dog's death.我们看到杰克正在为他宠物狗的死感到悲伤。The mother can't stand seeing her baby left alone at home.那个母亲不能忍受看到她的宝宝被单独人留在家里。We heard the old lady chatting with her neighbour.我们听到那位老太太正在和她的邻居聊天。名师点津在“四看 "(see, look at, watch, notice)"二听" (hear, listen to)”一感觉 "(feel)以及使役动 词make, have后跟动词不定式作宾补时，要省略动词不定式符号2。但变为被动结构时，lo要加上。 We heard the old lady chat with her neighbour.我们听到那位老太太和她的邻居聊天了.He was made to do exercise to improve his fitness by the doctor.医生让他锻炼身体以增进健康。靖国提升I .单句语法填空.Determining(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏高考).But unlike school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending half-term rcsting(rcst).(2017全国卷III).Nowadays, cycling(cvcle)> along with jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017天津高考)3 .Wc offer an excellent education to our studcnts.In return, wc expect students to work(work) hard.(2017天津 高考).They are required to process(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions。17全国卷 I ).Her library used to be a meeting(nieet)place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge。17浙江 高考). J ini has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent(spcnd)with his studcnts.(201匕京高考)4 .A study of travelers conducted(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.5 .Don't only look at other people dance (dance).6 .The workers were made lo work (work) day and night.n .单句改错l.The position of the classroom with its view made me fell like I was dreaming.felt-* feelalso shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.taking-*taken. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazi 1.intcrcstcd-intcrcsting3 .Third, we should find ways to reuse (he waler using in washing, especially bath water.using->used.He had time fbr a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.first 后力口 to.She is always the last speak at the meeting.speak 前力( lo.The park was full of people, enjoy themselves in the sunshine.enioy->enjoying.The little girl dress in white is Mary's younger sister.dressdressed.Learn a language requires time and effort.Lcain->Learning10.It is not always easy refuse invitations.refuse 前力II to精进表达，妙笔生花10.It is not always easy refuse invitations.refuse 前力II to精进表达，妙笔生花精进表达，妙笔生花精进表达，妙笔生花单元写作I英文电子邮件0指导英语电子邮件在内容结构上与普通书信一样，但在格式上有所不同。它主要由以卜.几局部组成：I .标题栏一般情况下，开头需要填写的地方有“t。”(收件人)及subject(邮件主题)。2 .称呼语在e-mail中，正文前的称呼应根据写信人与收信人的关系而定，Dear.Dear.或My dear.开头。3 .正文正文是电子邮件的主要局部，写作时需注意以下两点：(1)首先要明确写给谁。不同的收件人，语气不同。写给朋友的可用一些俚语或缩写词语，但正式的邮件就 不能用俚语或缩写词语。像高考中的书面表达题，就是正规的写作，一般不用俚语或缩写词语。(2)文体的特点是简单明了，便于阅读，所以写电子邮件大多把话题分成几个小主题，每个小主题一段，每 段一般只有一两句话，正文由两三个或三四个简短的段落构成。当然，对重点局部要作详细介绍。太长的 内容可以以附件的方式发出。4 .结束语结束语常用敬语，表示客套和礼节，措辞应恰当。通常用"Best regards! ” “Best wishes! ” ,或使用“Have a nice day! ” “Good day to you!”等表示美好祝愿的词组作为敬意结尾。5 .署名:在结束语的下面一至两行签上自己的名字。©展示假如你叫李华，请你写一封电子邮件告知你的英国网友保罗(Paul)有关你们学校的一些情况。词数100左 右。学校概况1800名学生，32个教学班，教职员工200人班级情况高一(3)班:50名学生，其中男生35名、女生15名班主任是一位女老师，教英语，心地善良、工作严谨学习科目语文、数学、英语为必修课，另外还有许多项选择修课参考词汇:必修课 required courses；选修课 selected courses词汇搜索I.努力工作work hard1 .从中选择choose from.在我班in my class.班主任head eacher.对和蔼be kind to2 .对严肃认真be strict and serious about.怎么样？how about.盼望look forward lo由词连句1 .在我们学校，有1800名学生，32个班，200位教职工。There are I， 800 students and 32 classes with 200 teachers and staff in oui school.2 .语文、数学和英语是我们的必修课，我们也有许多项选择修课供选择。Chinese , maths and English arc our reauirnd courses.Wc also have many selected subjects to choose from.3 .我在一年级三班，在我们班有五十位学生。I am in Class 3, Grade 1 .There arc 50 studcnts in my class.4 .我们英语老师是我们的班主任，她对我们和蔼，但是她对工作却严肃认真。My English teacher is our head teacher , she is very kind to us but she is stricl and serious about her work.5 .我们都认为她是个好老师。We all think she is a great teacher.连句成文Dear Paul,I'm writing to tell you something about my school.There are 1, 800 students and 32 classes with 200 teachers and staff in our school.The teachers in our school work hard.Chinese, maths and English are our required courses.Besides these» we have many selected subjects to choose from»too.I'm in Class 3, Grade 1 .There are fifty studentsthirtyfive boys and fifteen girls in my class.My English teacher is our head teacher.She is very kind to us but she is very strict and serious about her work.We all think that she is a great teacher.How about your school? Please write to me soon.Tm looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua|课时作业沙场练兵，大显身手I .词形变换.The perfoirner gained warm applause for her perfect performance on the stage.(perform).The variety (vary) of a magazine provides the readers with an important cultural experience.1 .She convinced us of her 3tness (fit) for the job.4.It is sharing that slrenglhens (strong) the friendship between us.5.It was foolish (fool) of him to refer to his notes during(ha( important test, and as a result, he got punished.II.单句语法填空1 .We've had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done/doing (do) to achieve the final success.1.1 n spring people often get trees planted (plant) here and there.3 .The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and weighing(weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.4 .Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one to be reDaired(repair) first is the library.5.1'm calling to enquire about the position advertised (advertise) in yesterday's China Daily.6.Working(work) with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a docto匚7.1 was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch(catch).(2017天津高考)8.1 myself went through this searchjng(search)process and found something that has changed my experience al college for the be(ter:I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language(美式手语).(2017全国卷 I )9.This newness just left me wanting(want) more.10. “ Il was absolutely out of control, thousands of emails, people around the world sharing(share)(heir stories of travel."(2017全国卷HI)in.阅读理解AMark Twain was a great writer.He was from the USA.He was born in 1835.He was also a famous speaker.He was famous for his sense of humour.Many people liked to listen to him talk because he liked to tell some interesting stories to make people laugh all the time.One day Mark Twain was going to a small town because of his writing.Bcforc he was going to leave, one of his friends said (o him that there were always a lot of mosquitoes (蚊子)in the town and told him that he'd better not go there.Mark Twain waved (摇动)his hand and said, “6 doesn't matter.The mosquitoes are no relatives of mine.I don't think they will come to visit me.nAfter he arrived at the town» Mark Twain stayed in a small hotel near the station.He went into his room, hut when he was just about to have a rest, quite a few mosquitoes flew about him.The waiters felt very sorry about that. "I'm very sorry, Mr Mark Twain.There are too many mosquitoes in our town." One of them said to him.Mark Twain, however, made a joke» saying to the waiter, “The mosquitoes arc very clcvcr.Thcy know my room number.They didn't come into the wrong room." What he said made all the people present laugh heartily. But that night Mark Twain slept well.Do you know why? That was because all the waiters in (he hotel were driving the mosquitoes away for him during the whole night.【语篇解读】文章讲述了马克吐温到一个有很多蚊子的地方，他擅长讲笑话，结果宾馆的服务员帮助他驱赶蚊子的小故事。1 .That day Mark Twain went to the town. A.to see one of his friendsB.because he wanted to do something there for his writing C.because he was told (here were a lol of mosquitoes thereD.to sec one of his relatives答案 B 细节理解题。根据第二段“One day Mark Twain was going to a small town because of his writing/* 可知，马克吐温去这个镇子是为了写作方面的事情，故B正确。2 .The waiters felt sorry because. A.they did something wrong to Mark Twain B.their hotel was too smallC.the room was not very cleanD.there were quite a few mosquitoes in Mark Twain's room答案 D 细节理解题。根据第三段”.but when he was just about to have a rest, quite a few mosquitoes flew about him."可知，服务员感到抱歉是因为马克吐温的房间里面有很多蚊子，故D正确。3 .All ihe people present laughed heartily because.A.the mosquitoes were very clever and they didn't come into the wrong roomB.the mosquitoes knew Mark Twain's room numberC.Mark Twain gave the waiters some nice presents D.Mark Twain made a joke答案 D 细节理解题。根据第四段 “Mark Twain, however, made a joke.What he said made all the people present laugh heartily”可知，他讲了一个笑话，别人都笑了。故D正确。 4,From the slory we know.A.no mosquitoes troubled Mark Twain in the nightB.the owner of the hotel told the waiters to look after Mark Twain well at night C.Mark Twain didn't have a good rest that nightD.there were not mosquitoes in the hotel any longer答案 A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“That was because.during the whole night.”可知，那天晚上没有蚊子 来咬他，故A正确。BWilliam Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13, 1865.His childhood lacked the harmony（和睦）that was typical of a happy family.Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited（继承）excellent taste in art from his familyboth his father and his brother were painters.But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama（戏剧I） and poetry.Yeats had strong faith in the coining of new artistic movements.He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s.His early theatrical experiments, however, were not received favorably at the beginning.He didn't lose heart, and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats' poems attract much admiring notice.The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging.Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility （o （hem.As his literary life progressed, his poelry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition.He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the Nobel Prize in 1923.Yet, he continued writing almost to the end of his life.Had Yeats stopped writing al age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75.After Yeats' death in 1939, W.H.Auden wrote» among others, the following lines:Earth, receive an honoured guest.William Yeats is laid to rest.Let the Irish oesse/（船）Emptied of its poetry.5.Which of the following can describe Yeats5 family?A.It filled Yeats' childhood with laughter.B.It was shocked by Yeats' choice.C.It was a typically wealthy family.D.I（ had an artistic atmosphere.答