学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 3.pptx

第1页/共53页Unit Contents1 Preparing for listening to a lecture2 Paying attention to the introduction3 Understanding the ideas through examples4 Following a lecture through signal words5 Memorizing the points by taking notesUnit 3 Listening to Lectures第2页/共53页1 Preparing for listening to a lectureUnit 3 Listening to Lectures第3页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Preparing for listening to a lectureTips before listening to a lecture:1)Find out the topic of the lecture to be delivered.2)Research the topic by reading the related sources or the assigned readings.3)Familiarize yourself with the subject and list out questions if possible.4)Sort out subject-specific words and terms the lecture may use.第4页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Preparing for listening to a lectureTips before listening to a lecture:5)Check the meanings and pronunciations of the terms and words.6)Bring loose leaf paper or spiral bound notebooks.Or bring a laptop if you prefer to take notes on it and if the room is set up with ample power outlets and space.第5页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Preparing for listening to a lecture1 What are the definitions of the following terms?1)CO2:2)ozone layer:is a greenhouse gas which plays a major role in global warming and anthropogenic climate change.It is also a major source of ocean acidification which dissolves in water forming carbonic acid.is a layer in Earths atmosphere containing relatively high concentrations of ozone(O3).第6页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Preparing for listening to a lecture1 What are the definitions of the following terms?3)greenhouse:4)methane:is a structure with different types of covering materials,such as a glass or plastic roof and frequently glass or plastic walls;it heats up because incoming visible solar radiation from the sun is absorbed by plants,soil,and other things inside the building.is the simplest alkane,the main component of natural gas,and probably the most abundant organic compound on earth.The relative abundance of methane makes it an attractive fuel.第7页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Preparing for listening to a lecture1 What are the definitions of the following terms?5)Kyoto Protocol:6)deforestation:is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC or FCCC),aimed at fighting global warming.is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use.第8页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Preparing for listening to a lecture1 What are the definitions of the following terms?7)chlorofluorocarbon:8)polar ice cap:is an organic compound that contains only carbon,chlorine,hydrogen and fluorine,produced as a volatile derivative of methane and ethane.is a high latitude region of a planet or natural satellite that is covered in ice.第9页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Preparing for listening to a lecture2 What is the relationship between carbon dioxide,greenhouse gases and the thinning ozone layer with global warming?Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.Burning oil,coal and fossil fuels leads to a sharp increase in the greenhouse gas which build up and condense,forming a thick gas layer of carbon dioxide.This gas traps heat from the sun and destroys the ozone layer,the layer which protects the Earth from harmful radiation,causing global warming.第10页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Preparing for listening to a lecture3 How many factors affect global temperature?What are they?Many factors affect the Earths temperature on a global scale.The main factors are solar output,orbital variation volcanic eruptions,and polluting effect of human activities.第11页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Preparing for listening to a lecture4 What are the potential effects of global warming?The effects of global warming may be physical,ecological,social or economic.Evidence of observed climate change includes the instrumental temperature record,an increase of extreme weather events(such as hurricanes,earthquakes,volcanoes,and landslides),rising sea levels,decreased snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere,mass animal extinctions and human migrations.第12页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to Lectures第13页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to LecturesA lecture often begins in two ways:lTelling an interesting story or an anecdotelIntroducing the points to be covered in the talk directly第14页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to LecturesPatterns the speaker tends to use to introduce their ideas:1)To start with,Ill talk about Then Ill discuss After that,well look at Ill finish by giving a summary of2)In the first part Ill explain/talk Then in the second part,I will present/examine/analyze第15页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to Lectures1Topic:Content:Computer Ethics The proper ethical behavior of computer users 2Topic:Content:Dyslexia-Learning Problems The analysis of the causes of dyslexia and doctors explanation of it Read the following introductions of two lectures and guess the topic and content of each of them.第16页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to Lectures1 How does the lecturer introduce his topic?A.By providing updates on climate crisis.B.By showing pictures of polluted beach.C.By presenting some dreadful disasters.D.By stating the importance of renewable energy.Answer:A Watch the video clip of Lecture 10 and answer the following questions.第17页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to Lectures2 What is the lecturers attitude toward efficiency and conservation?A.He is strongly negative as they are costly.B.They are unrealistic goals that are out of reach.C.They are effective but not the most desirable means.D.They are profitable unless there is massive investment.Answer:C Watch the video clip of Lecture 10 and answer the following questions.第18页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to Lectures3 What does the lecturer say about cars and trucks?A.They are the most efficient transportation.B.They cause less global warming pollution than buildings.C.The standards of cars and trucks in the U.S.are the best in the world.D.CCS in cars and trucks is available for us to use fossil fuels safely.Answer:B Watch the video clip of Lecture 10 and answer the following questions.第19页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to Lectures4 Which of the following is not mentioned as the way to tackle global warming?A.Living a carbon-neutral life.B.Raising public awareness of the problem.C.Starting from home in reducing emissions.D.Refusing to do business with those involving carbon.Answer:D Watch the video clip of Lecture 10 and answer the following questions.第20页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to Lectures5 According to the lecturer,what is the role of politics in the reduction of pollution?A.It helps reduce climate collapse to climate crisis.B.For bipartisan conflicts,politics play a passive role.C.It urges corporations to reduce carbon emissions by law.D.Republicans are more active and influential than Democrats.Answer:C Watch the video clip of Lecture 10 and answer the following questions.第21页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to Lectures1 What problem does the lecturer intend to address in this lecture?The ways to do about the climate crisis.2 According to the lecturer,what is the new temperature record in January?Thirty one degrees.Watch the video clip of Lecture 10 again and answer the following questions.第22页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to Lectures3 What suggestions does the lecturer make about cars and trucks?He suggests that we should raise the standards in transportation efficiency and continue the development of renewable.4 According to the lecturer,what can businessman do to relieve the problem?Integrate climate solutions into innovations and invest sustainably.Watch the video clip of Lecture 10 again and answer the following questions.第23页/共53页2 Paying attention to the introductionUnit 3 Listening to Lectures5 According to the lecturer,what should a catalyst of change do?He should teach others,learn about climate crisis and talk about it.6 What does the lecturer urge Democrats and Republicans to do?Work together to bring coherence to all efforts and cap carbon dioxide emissions.Watch the video clip of Lecture 10 again and answer the following questions.第24页/共53页3 Understanding the ideas through examplesUnit 3 Listening to Lectures第25页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to LecturesSignal words that you should pay attention to:lfor examplelfor instancelthe following example(story/incident)illustrates/demonstrateslsuch aslas in the case ofla good case in point3 Understanding the ideas through examples第26页/共53页3 Understanding the ideas through examplesUnit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Why does the lecturer mention his daughters confrontation and strong emotion?To introduce his topic and raise the awareness about the seriousness of global warming.2 What do the two Wal-Mart stories exemplify respectively?One is to illustrate the power of companies in addressing global warming and the other is to illustrate the role of individuals in this matter.Watch the video clip of Lecture 11 and answer the following questions.第27页/共53页3 Understanding the ideas through examplesUnit 3 Listening to Lectures3 Why does the lecturer draw a comparison between the Brazilian government and American government?To illustrate the importance of policy in reducing CO2.4 What is the fourth or final lesson that the lecturer learns about the climate crisis?The potential of radical innovation.Watch the video clip of Lecture 11 and answer the following questions.第28页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Wal-Mart has one of the worlds most amazing supply chains,suppliers.When Wal-Mart achieves energy reductions,thats going to be a very big deal.2 One hundred million compact fluorescent light bulbs means that well save in energy bills,and of CO2 every year,year in and year out.Complete the blanks and table with what you hear.3 Understanding the ideas through examples60,000 20 percent 600 million dollars 20 million tons 第29页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures3Complete the blanks and table with what you hear.3 Understanding the ideas through examples29,000 700+2 in California 85%5%BrazilThe U.S.Ethanol pumps Flex-fuel cars in three years第30页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures4 In Brazil,of the gasoline has been replaced with ethanol in automotive fleet,which has saved dollars since 1975 and of CO2.Thats of the CO2 emissions across the entire country.Brazil is only of the worlds CO2 emission.Complete the blanks and table with what you hear.3 Understanding the ideas through examples40%59 billion 32 million tons 10%1.3%第31页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 What did the lecturer and his partners do after the talk with his daughter?They traveled around to learn more about climate crisis and assembled a network.2 What are the three biggest uses of energy in Wal-Mart?Heating and air conditioning,lighting and refrigeration.Watch the video clip of Lecture 11 again and answer the following questions.3 Understanding the ideas through examples第32页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures3 What are the returns of using 100 million compact fluorescent light bulbs?Saving 600 million dollars in energy bills and cutting down 20 million tons of CO2 every year.4 According to the lecturer,what can individuals do to solve the climate crisis?They can change their behaviors,for example,shopping behaviors,to go green.Watch the video clip of Lecture 11 again and answer the following questions.3 Understanding the ideas through examples第33页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures5 What did Bob Epstein suggest at the end of the first meeting?Set up a market-based system of mandates to cap and reduce greenhouse gases in California.6 What are the tragic problem and the breakthrough technology the lecturer uses to exemplify the potential of radical innovation?Malaria and synthetic biology.Watch the video clip of Lecture 11 again and answer the following questions.3 Understanding the ideas through examples第34页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures7 What is the lecturers attitude toward the current investment in R&D?He thinks it is far from enough.8 According to scientists,what do we need to do to stabilize climate?Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by one half and do it as fast as possible.Watch the video clip of Lecture 11 again and answer the following questions.3 Understanding the ideas through examples第35页/共53页4 Following a lecture through signal wordsUnit 3 Listening to Lectures第36页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 Signalling topic Today Im going to take up the subject of.2 Signalling structure Now let us consider.3 Signalling a shift Now,lets move on to.4 Signalling explanation What I mean is.That is to say.4 Following a lecture through signal wordsSignpost language 第37页/共53页Unit 3 Listening to Lectures1 illustration2 cause 3 effect 4 comparison5 condition6 contrast7 listing8 classification9 summary4 Following a lecture through signal wordsTransitional language a.similarly,likewiseb.to conclude,in briefc.if,unless,assuming thatd.as a result,soe.for instance,in particularf.one feature isg.due to,owingh.additionally,furthermorei.however,nevertheless第38页/共53页4 Following a lecture through signal wordsUnit 3 Listening to Lectures1A._；B._；C._；Watch the video clip of Lecture 12 and fill in the blanks following the direction of the cues.some climate change things in the ocean sea level riseocean warming第39页/共53页4 Following a lecture through signal wordsUnit 3 Listening to Lectures2 A._；B._；Watch the video clip of Lecture 12 and fill in the blanks following the direction of the cues.natural causeshuman-induced causes第40页/共53页4 Following a lecture through signal wordsUnit 3 Listening to Lectures3 A._；B._；Watch the video clip of Lecture 12 and fill in the blanks following the direction of the cues.sediments in the Ross Seaocean acidification4sediments carried out by ice have an ice shelf overhead while those that need sunlight do not第41页/共53页4 Following a lecture through signal wordsUnit 3 Listening to LecturesWatch the video clip of Lecture 12 and fill in the blanks following the direction of the cues.5 in this region,the ice shelf melted back and formed again in our recent past6 in the amount of sunlight there,caused by natural changes第42页/共53页4 Following a lecture through signal wordsUnit 3 Listening to Lectures71）the dissolution of carbon dioxide into the sea 2）A._；B._；Watch the video clip of Lecture 12 and fill in the blanks following the direction of the cues.a major loss of marine biodiversity,especially carbonate organisms.8 cap or limit CO2 emissions as soon as possible to protect oceansthe stress on some physiological processes第43页/共53页4 Following a lecture through signal wordsUnit 3 Listening to LecturesWatch the video clip of Lecture 12 again and answer the following