ITS智慧型运输系统vqe.pptx

CALM outlineOverview of the CALM ConceptWhat is CALM?CALM Service TypesCALM mediaCALM originate interfacesProtocol managed interfacesISO15628 compatible interfaces.CALM networking -based on IPv6、MIPv6CALM managementCALM/Application Management Entity(CME)Network Management Entity(NME)Interface Management Entity(IME)The CALM conceptThe fundamental principles of the CALM concept is predicated on the principle of making best use of the resources available CALM overviewContinuous Air-interface,Long and Medium range(CALM)CALM is being developed by Working Group 16 of Technical Committee 204 of the ISOThe CALM concept is therefore developed to provide a layered solution that enables continuous or quasi continuous communicationsvehicles to vehicles Vehicles to infrastructureInfrastructure to infrastructureThe aim of CALM is to provide wide area communications to support ITS applications GSM/GPRS、3G、4G、satellite、microwave、millimeter wave、infrared、WiMAX and Wi-Fi ITS智慧型運輸系統智慧型運輸系統(ITS,Intelligent Transportation System)乃是應用先進的電子，通信，資訊與感測等技術，以整合人，路，車的管理策略，提供即時(real-time)的資訊而增進運輸系統的安全，效率及舒適性，同時也減少交通對環境的衝擊。Vehicleswhich can be located,identified,assessed and controlled using ITSRoad userswho employ ITS,for instance,for navigation,travel information and their monitoring capabilitiesInfrastructurefor which ITS can provide monitoring,detection,response,control,road management and administration functions Communications networksto enable wireless transactions amongst vehicles and transport usersCALM specifications/standards are not designing a physical piece of equipment CALM is actually a related set of protocols,procedures and management processes CALM working groupsCALM have eight sub-working groups,including 16.0,16.1,16.2,16.3,16.4,16.5 and 16.6SWG 16.0 ArchitectureSWG 16.1 MediaSWG 16.2 NetworkingSWG 16.3 Probe DataSWG 16.4 Application ManagementSWG 16.5 Emergency CommunicationsSWG 16.6 Non-IP NetworkingSWG 16.7 Security and Lawful Intercept General Structure of CALMCALM ScopeThree main modes of operation:Vehicle-InfrastructureVehicle-VehicleInfrastructure-InfrastructureInter-operability and seamless handover between networks and applications.CALM used IPv6 exclusively.(initial specification)CALM in a multi-platform,multimedia environmentCALM safety serviceINFRASTRUCTURE Vehicle CALM enabled Safety Services INFRASTRUCTURE to ON BOARD EQUIPMENT Animal Crossing Zone Information-Adaptive Headlight Aiming-Blind Merge Warning Curve Speed Warning-Emergency Vehicle Signal Preemption Emergency Vehicle Video Replay External Speed Limitation GPS Corrections-Highway/Rail Collision Warning-Homeland Security Identification and Management Incident Mapping and Warning Infrastructure Intersection Collision Warning-Intelligent On-Ramp Metering Intelligent Traffic Lights Intersection Collision:Infrastructure-Based Warning Intersection Collision:Vehicle-Based Warning ON BOARD EQUIPMENT-to-INFRASTRUCTURE Automatic Crash Notification Blind Merge Warning eCall Intelligent Traffic Light pre-emption for priority vehicles Intersection Collision Probe data Vehicle-Based Warning SOS Services Vehicle Vehicle CALM enabled Safety Services Approaching Emergency Vehicle Warning Blind Merge Warning-Blind Spot Warning-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Cooperative Collision Warning Cooperative Glare Reduction-Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Automation System(Platooning)Crash Warning-Curve Speed Warning-Enhanced Differential GPS Corrections-Highway Merge Assistant Highway/Rail Collision Warning-Hybrid Intersection Collision Warning-Instant(Problem)Messaging-Intersection Collision Vehicle-Based Warning Lane Change Assistant-Left Turn Assistant-Merge Assistant-Pre-crash Sensing Post-Crash Warning Right Turn Assistant Road Feature Notification-SOS Services Stop Sign Movement Assistant-Vehicle-based Road Condition Warning-Vehicle-to-Vehicle Road Feature Notification Vehicle Platooning Visibility Enhancer-Wrong-Way Driver Warning CALM Commercial Services INFRASTRUCTURE-Vehicle CALM enabled Commercial Services INFRASTRUCTURE to ON BOARD EQUIPMENT Commercial Service Payments Commercial Vehicle Operations Enhanced Route Guidance and Navigation-GPS Corrections-Just-In-Time Repair Notification Map Downloads and Updates-Optimal Speed Advisory Parking Space Identification/Navigation-GPS Corrections-Infotainment Intelligent On-Ramp Metering(road management)Intelligent Traffic Lights(road management)Internet in-vehicle Instant Messaging Open Road(no barrier)Tolling Video Downloads Vehicle-Vehicle CALM enabled Commercial Services Cross Vehicle MessagingIn vehicle Internet-Region Feature NotificationCALM infrastructure The CALM concept at the highest level of abstraction The CALM Media CALM combines complementary media:For short and medium distances(directed):Infrared,MM-WaveFor short and medium distances:Microwave 5.8 GHz For long distances:GSM,UMTSCALM originated interfacesISO 21214 CALM InfraRedISO 21215 CALM M5ISO 21216 CALM MillimeterCALM originated interfacesThis class of air interface has been specifically designed for CALMCALM originated interfaces should offer the highest performance interface at any particular frequency5Ghz5.8 GHz DSRC(dedicated short range communications)The European Standard has been adopted and is now used in many countries including Australia,several countries in Asia and South America.MillimeterFrequency range:62-63 GHz High directionalityHigh data rates It can also be used in conjunction with radar signals at similar frequencies.Infra redInfra red is already used in tolling systemsHigh data rates and a relatively lightweight,comparatively inexpensive,beacon infrastructure,with relatively high directionality.The Standard supports current and future ITS applications with data rates from 1Mbit/s to 128Mbit/s The CALM-IR medium provides virtually“continuous communications”even in the presence of interruptions of the link caused by physical barriers.Target domains of infrared are car-to-car communication and directed communication to infrastructure facilities such as traffic signals,traffic-signs and information-beacons.The link setup-time is usually less than one millisecondimportant feature in safety-related car-to-car communication Low-power infrared beacons,in combination with solar panels,also enable also power-line independent roadside installation.CLAM-IR application(German)German Truck-Tolling-ProjectIR applicationPhysical Transportation and Exchange of Data via oncoming trafficCurve-WarningTraffic InformationHazard-WarningCALM IR ApplicationsCommunication Zones for Car-to-Car and Car-to-Infrastructure communication Protocol managed interfacesISO 21212 Cellular 2GISO 21213 Cellular 3GMobile Wireless Broadband(MWB)HC-SDMA、802.16e(WiMAX)and 802.20 Protocol managed interfacesThis class of air interface has not been specifically designed for CALM They are deigned for generic wireless telecommunications sessionThese interfaces are adopted as potential CALM interfaces because they have wide area,even ubiquitous,coverage.Cellular(2G)The 2G cellular network is ubiquitous around most of the wordApplications tend to relate to non continuous,emergency systemsExamples of such systems are emergency buttons in vehicles that call the emergency services,and are based on 2G+GPS coordinates.Cellular(3G)3G systems offer significantly improved data rates which are capable of carrying many first generation ITS services.However,in respect with more advanced systems,the data-rates will be inadequate.Although the initial introduction of 3G has largely been on a connection time basis,it is clear that the cost models are moving to fixed subscription basis,at least for domestic usage.Mobile Wireless Broadband(MWB)wireless broadband will become ubiquitous within urban areas and in areas where wired broadband installation is difficult or not cost effective.Challenge:travelling vehicle will soon move from one cell to another.handoverHC-SDMA,802.16e(WiMAX)and 802.20 SatelliteSatellite communications are unlikely to be a low cost media,but are provided globally,and therefore a useful media for CALM to provide global reach for ITS.ISO15628 compatible interfacesISO 15628 DSRCSystems compliant to ISO 15628ISO 15625 was developed to provide an application layer for European DSRC at 5.8 GHz.Services CALM communication scenariosCALM ScenariosCALM networkingMobile IPv6Allow IPv6 nodes to move from one IP subnet to another.NEMO(Network MObility)NEMO is concerned with managing the mobility of a network.Mobile IP scope140.123.113.100140.123.114.100Get Care-of Address(CoA)Foreign Agent(FA)Home Agent(HA)Corresponded Node(CN)Mobile Node(MN)Binding Update Data TransmissionHome NetworkForeign NetworkMobile IPv6(MIPv6)NEMONetwork Mobility SupportEntire network mobile as a unit and attached to the Internet via a Mobile Router(MR)MR changes its point of attachmentOnly MR changes its IP addressNodes behind MR dont change their own point of attachmentCurrent address recorded at the HA(dedicated server)Handled by NEMO WGNEMO Basic Support:RFC 3963(Jan.05)Benefit of network mobility support over host mobility supportThe vehicle changes its point of attachment to the InternetHost Mobility:each node maintains Internet accessEach host must perform Mobile IPv6Network Mobility:only the mobile router(MR)maintains Internet accessStandards IPv6 nodes can be located behind the MR:no mobility supportCALM Architecture and SAPs of NetworkService Access PointsSAPs Service Access PointsBetween the air interface and the networking protocolsBetween the air interface and the CALM management protocolsSAPs provide a common basis for transaction between the air interface and the network layer.between the network layer and the upper application layers.Data SAPsThe different CALM media all use the same CALM network layer.All media also use the same type of SAP to communicate between the CALM network layer and the communications adaptation layer.Two service primitives request and indicationManagement SAPsThese SAPs handle the overall management of the transaction:start,reset,join,authenticate,re-authenticate,de-authenticate,scan(for media),associate,de-associate,re-associate,etc.CALM-aware applications use M-SAPs to communicate with other management entity.CALM Management Entity CALM/Application Management Entity(CME)Select the best communication media for applicationNetwork Management Entity(NME)Signal the Network status to CME Achieve inter-network(inter-media)handover Use IP(v6)layer to control mobilityInterface Management Entity(IME)Signal the media status to NME Avoid interferences among communication media Achieve intra-network(intra-media)handoverCALM policiesMediainterface protocol提供給interface status listRequirementapplication protocol提供給application requirement listPolicyMedia selection policyCALM/Application ManagerIts principal role is to manage the overall functioning of CALM,but it also has to provide the session management with the application.To manage the session it has to direct messages/data/requests to/from the application to the appropriate destination in the vehicle.CME needs Policies to decide communication links and they can be User-defined、Manufacturer-defined、Local authorities-definedCALM/Application manager entityNetwork ManagerIt provides the link between one or more media and one or more service and directs data to/from the service provider to the application service running on board the vehicle.When required,it has to move the media to the instruction of the CALM Application Manager.The principles involved in determining optimal choiceof networkInterface ManagerThe Interface Manager has to find what media are available at any time,and the qualities of that signal(signal strength,data rate etc)and keep the records of the status of the media updated.The Interface Manager will know all active interfaces and their capabilities and can activate a local handover source/destination address can be kept intact.The OSI Communications Stack CALM architectureReferences谢谢观看/欢迎下载BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES.BY FAITH I BY FAITH