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Robert Frost第1页/共15页Main works A Boys Will(David Nutt,1913;Holt,1915).North of Boston(David Nutt,1914;Holt,1914).Mountain Interval(Holt,1916).Selected Poems(Holt,1923)New Hampshire(Holt,1923;Grant Richards,1924).Several Short Poems(Holt,1924).Selected Poems(Holt,1928).West-Running Brook(Holt,1929).The Lovely Shall Be Choosers(Random House,1929).Collected Poems of Robert Frost(Holt,1930;Longmans,Green,1930).The Lone Striker(Knopf,1933).Selected Poems:Third Edition(Holt,1934).Three Poems(Baker Library,1935).The Gold Hesperidee(Bibliophile Press,1935).Further Range,1936 A Witness Tree,1942第2页/共15页Literary style1 His poems mostly wrote about nature(influence from Wordsworth and Emerson)and New England landscape.2 He used simple language,a graceful style,and traditional forms of poetry.(reason for popular)3 Symbolism(He used symbols from everyday life to express profound ideas.)4 show deep appreciation of natural world and sensibility about the human aspirations.Profound meanings are hidden underneath the plain language and simple form.第3页/共15页Robert Frost(1874 1963)Design was first published in American Poetry,1922.Part of the need to write Design came from an argument about the religious qualities of Henri Bergsons Creative Evolution.第4页/共15页 He wrote the first drafts of the poem that would become Design,partly inresponse to his reading of Bergson and William James Pragmatism.第5页/共15页 Design 圈套第6页/共15页I found a dimpled spider,fat and white,On a white heal-all,holding up a mothLike a white piece of rigid satin cloth-Assorted characters of death and blightMixed ready to begin the morning right,Like the ingredients of a witches broth-A snow-drop spider,a flower like a froth,And dead wings carried like a paper kite.我看见一只丑肥的蜘蛛，浑身白亮在一朵白色的万玲草上，捉住了一只似一片素缎子布料的白飞蛾被揉合在的死亡和摧残的气息交叉混同，等待迎接黎明，如同一个巫女的肉汤配料一只雪白的蜘蛛，一朵泡沫般的花，死寂的双翅，似摇摇欲坠的风筝第7页/共15页What had that flower to do with being white,The wayside blue and innocent heal-all?What brought the kindred spider to that height,Then steered the with moth thither in the night?What but design of darkness to appall?-If design govern in a thing so small.哦，为什么那朵花会是白色的，而路边的万灵草却绽放着淡淡的蓝？究竟是什么让蜘蛛爬上那株草，再趁着黑漆漆的夜色把白飞蛾招来？难道这黎明前的圈套不让人恐惧？无处不在的圈套连一条小命都不放过。第8页/共15页ModernismMajor ideas of modernism in this poem 1)In this poem,the technique of expression is very skillful,and the author follows the core spirit of modernism-honest consciousness.He doesnt describe braw scenery but a dark and sinister one.2)The author just describes a picture of a very ordinary scene,and through this he conveys his idea of design without any“design”appearing in the poem.第9页/共15页3)It emphasizes the thinking of human and its relationship with the universe.The author tries to reveal human beings relationship with the world where they exist.4)It rejects the traditional rhetoric by which tradition values.It is bent on stylistic innovations and experiments with language,form or symbol.There is no use of luxuriant rhetoric to express the authors feelings.第10页/共15页techniqueSymbolSymbol heal-all(which has an ironic name in the poem,because although it is a medicinal flower,death occurs on it),the spider and moth to symbolize how life work.Note all of these are described as white and this symbolizes their innocence in the whole affair.all three elements-the spider,the flower and the moth-are white,which here seems to embody,not purity and goodness,but deathly pallor.第11页/共15页 Similes Similes “dead wings carried like a paper kite”,both“wings”and“kite”suggest the idea of flight however the image of white“dead wings”moves toward paradox.The poem is written in a sonnet form.The first stanza is an octave in which the poet both heightens and ironies the dramatic event.The second stanza is a sestetRhyme scheme The first stanza:abba abba The second stanza:aca aca 第12页/共15页The Design Of Fate?Design was an interesting poem because it uses the spider to describe Frosts views on things that are much larger and more universal.He suggests that everything has its own design,even things as small as spiders.this poem is about fate.fate.Frost describes the spider at first as being light-colored and pure.A white spider is something most people dont see everyday.While reading the poem one wonders if the intense irony of the all white flower,moth and spider is just an incredible coincidencecoincidence.White in this poem could be a symbol of purity or innocence.In the life process,nature just happens;making it pure and neutral.This situation makes the reader wonder how three very unusually colored beings are all interacting in the same place at the same time.specifically the moth is darker;symbolizing death and loss of innocence.Frost now shows us that the spider isnt completely innocent;it is,after all,eating a moth.It shows that not everything is what it seems.Its interesting that he describes the spider in white and black-the white spider,the black moth.The poem suggests ultimate design-that these three pure things,just going about their business,are not engaged in an evil practice but involved in something so much bigger than themselves.The three beings are engaged in this completely beautiful,intriguing and terrifying ultimate design.Frost could have made all of these things black-a symbol for all of the death and darkness that this event is.However,by choosing to make these beings white,Frost decides to play off the irony irony of three things,so pure of color committing an act so dark第13页/共15页Thanks第14页/共15页感谢您的观看。第15页/共15页
