现代大学英语精读第二版book3unit6.pptx
R einforcementT ext AnalysisB ackgroundW arming upUnit 6How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?第1页/共51页Questions/ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesUnit 6Warming upHow Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?第2页/共51页Warming upDiscuss the following questions:What did you know about the drug problem before reading the essays?Why do you think people still take drugs in spite of the worldwide anti-drug campaigns?What do you know about the situation in China?Do you think the drug problem is serious?Side with one of the three authors and have a brief debate with your group members to see which author is more convincing.Questions/Activities第3页/共51页Check-on PreviewDefine the underlined words:the simple beauty(para.16)a social sanction(para.26)Paraphrase the following sentence:No one in Washington today recalls what happenedthe United States.(para.6)Warming up第4页/共51页Objectives Learn about the different solutions to the drug problem and understand the pros and cons of each of them.Compare the arguments and find out their logical premises and fallacies.Learn how to argue coherently and convincingly by studying the techniques employed by the writers.Warming up第5页/共51页BackgroundHistoryAuthorsUnit 6How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?第6页/共51页1.Gore Vidal prolific American novelist,and essayist political activist:Democratic-Liberal The war on drugs has nothing at all to do with drugs.It is part of an all-out war on the American people by a government interested only in control.Gore VidalBackground Authors第7页/共51页“Probably no American writer since Franklin has derided,ridiculed,and mocked Americans more skillfully and more often than Vidal.”(Gordon S.Wood,The New York Times,December 14,2003)Gore Vidal was often pointedly controversial:he published comments on democracy,homosexuality,religion,and drug legalization.Background Authors第8页/共51页2.Clarence Page columnist and member of the editorial board of the Chicago Tribune 1972 Pulitzer Prize for a Chicago Tribune Task Force series on voter fraud 1989 Pulitzer Prize for CommentaryBackgroundBackground Authors第9页/共51页3.Charles Krauthammer a syndicated columnist:The Washington Post Writers Group political commentator physician conservative(neoconservative in foreign policy)BackgroundBackground Authors第10页/共51页Compare the three authors backgrounds and see if you can explain why they disagree with each other.BackgroundBackground Authors第11页/共51页 Prohibition in the United States(the Noble Experiment)1840s,spearheaded by some religious denominations1881,Kansas as the first to outlaw alcoholic beverages 1917,alcohol banned as mandated in the 18th Amendment to the Constitution 1919-1933,nation-wide movement,plagued by smuggling and bootlegging 1933,the 18th Amendment repealed by the 21st Amendment HistoryBackground第12页/共51页Text AnalysisEssay 1Essay 2Essay 3StructureDetailed AnalysisStructureDetailed Analysis Detailed AnalysisStructureUnit 6How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?第13页/共51页What is the solution to the drug problem offered by Vidal?legalization rather than criminalizationWhat then are his main arguments?The right to be informed correctly(paras.1-2)The right to choose(paras.3-4)Sane people wont be addicted to drugs.(para.5)A lesson from Prohibition(paras.6-7)The government and the mafia have a vested interest in the criminalization of drugs.(paras.8-10)Text Analysis Essay 1Structure of Essay 1第14页/共51页The right to be informed sensiblyHow to inform people sensibly?Why will this require heroic honesty?1.Do you think this will work?heroinopiumecstasyspeediceText Analysis Essay 1Argument 1:Discussion第15页/共51页1.at cost(at cost price)Toms uncle is a car dealer and let him buy the car at cost.Cost+_=selling price Translation倾销是指用低于成本的价格进行销售，以将竞争对手赶出市场的行为。Dumping is the selling below cost to drive competitors out of market.实话和您说吧，这差不多是成本价了。To tell you the truth,its almost at cost price.markupText Analysis Essay 1Argument 1:Words and Expressions(1)第16页/共51页2.kick/break the habit(infml)to stop doing sth that has been a habit for a long time,esp.a bad or dangerous habit The center provides help for addicts who have kicked their habit and want to stay away from drugs.Alex has kicked cigarettes,heroin,and booze.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 1:Words and Expressions(2)第17页/共51页3.(just)for the recordJust for the record,I didnt vote for him.For the record Id just like to say that I totally disagree with this decision.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 1:Words and Expressions(3)第18页/共51页19The right to choose To choose what?The precondition of this right?1.Do you think that taking drugs belongs to this right?rightrightrightText Analysis Essay 1Argument 2:Discussion第19页/共51页end up I wondered where the pictures would end up after the auction.end up doing sth Most slimmers on crash diets end up putting weight back on.end up with Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset.end up as He could end up as President.end up like I dont want to end up like my parents.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 2:Words and Expressions 第20页/共51页Sane people wont be addicted to drugs.Why?How to deal with people who are not sane enough?How can the forbidden fruit psychology apply to this argument?1.Do you agree with this argument?Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 3:Discussion第21页/共51页1.it is too bad that it is a pity that It is too bad that the country had to go to war over the matter.2.it is not too bad if It is not too bad if a man has some wild dreams.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 3:Words and Expressions 第22页/共51页A lesson from ProhibitionWhats the lesson?Whats meant by“no public memory of anything that happened last Tuesday”?Why did the Congress feel it their“divine mission”to prohibit alcohol?1.The result of Prohibition?Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 4:Discussion第23页/共51页1.sth is forbidden to sb 那时任何外国人都被禁止进入该地。Entry to the place was then forbidden to all foreigners.2.stamp out 地方政府发动了一场运动来清除腐败。The local government has made a drive to stamp out corruption.3.have/feel contempt for 我对这种不诚实的行为只有蔑视。I have/feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behaviors.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 4:Words and Expressions 第24页/共51页The government and the mafia have a vested interest in the criminalization of drugs.How can this be?Why blame the government for the deaths?Why does the government have a vested interest in it?What is then Vidals real concern?The drug problem?Or individual freedom against government control?Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 5:Discussion第25页/共51页1.get(sb)hooked on根据最近的一份报告，八岁的小孩子就会吸海洛因成瘾。Children as young as eight years old can get hooked on heroin,according to a recent report.小伙子是很容易喜欢上这种音乐的。Young men can easily get hooked on this kind of music.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 5:Words and Expressions(1)第26页/共51页2.have a vested interest in(doing)sth美国南北战争以前，要废除奴隶制很难，因为奴隶主有既得利益。It was difficult to end the system of slavery before the Civil War because slave owners had a vested interest in keeping it.莫娜离开公司对他有利。He has a vested interest in Monas leaving the firm.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 5:Words and Expressions(2)第27页/共51页wither away to die out or disappear gradually因为吸毒，她成为艺术家的希望逐渐幻灭。As a result of her drug addiction,her promise of becoming an artist withered away.上了年纪的人抱怨说，在这个自由社会里，老的价值观念正在逐渐消失。Older people are complaining that the old values are withering away in this free society.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 5:Words and Expressions(3)第28页/共51页What is the solution to the drug problem offered by Page?Neither legalization nor criminalization will work.It is in fact a social problem.What then are his main arguments?Legalization is oversimplified:proponents arguments.(paras.11-15)Legalizations failure:opponents arguments.(paras.16-18)Criminalization is neither the right answer to this problem.(paras.19-20)Text Analysis Essay 2Structure of Essay 2第29页/共51页Legalization is oversimplified:proponents mon wisdom:remove _ pumped into the under-worldreduce _ attractiontake away _tax the sale and use money to _2.“deep thinkers”Kurt Schmoke:_Milton Friedman:_immense profitsforbidden-fruitcriminal stigmabuild more treatment centersProhibition of drugs is bailing out the ocean with a teaspoon.Prohibition makes matters worse.Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 1:Fill in the Blanks第30页/共51页Para.11:Unfortunately,legalization sounds too good to be true.Para.12:It sounds good because it is simplePara.13:Deep thinkersPara.15:He was not alone in his sentiments.Para.16:The simplicityUnfortunately,the simple beautyhas an ugly gaping hole.Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 1:Transition第31页/共51页1.Satire/Irony:If you cant win the game,change the rules.deliciously convenientDeep thinkers2.Understatement:sounds too good to be true and probably is.Quotation from authority:Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 1:Writing Techniques第32页/共51页1.pumpinto to put a large amount of sth into,usu.at a high rate特区政府未来五年在旅游业投入18亿美元以振兴不景气的经济。The SAR Government will pump$1.8 billion into the tourist industry over the next five years to help revive the sagging economy.在考试前她极力向他灌输一些知识.She tried to pump some facts into his head before the examination.Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 1:Words and Expressions(1)第33页/共51页2.bail out to remove water;to help sb out of trouble,esp.financial problems我们不能指望政府帮助所有的亏损公司摆脱困境。We cant expect the government to bail out all the failing companies.be alone in(doing)sth不是只有我一个人这么认为。I am not alone in thinking so.Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 1:Words and Expressions(2)第34页/共51页Legalizations failure:opponents arguments 1.What do the following people say?Prof.James Q.WilsonWilliam Bennett2.Interesting comparison:paras.16&18Do you find anything worth noting?What does your finding suggest for our own essay writing?Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 2:Discussion第35页/共51页1.the beauty of sth The beauty of e-mail is its speed and ease of use.2.rebuttal make a rebuttal of They made a clause-by-clause rebuttal of the letter.Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 2:Words and Expressions第36页/共51页Criminalization is neither the right answer to this problem.Then what is the answer according to the author?The quick fix is illusory becauseThe slow fix is illusory becauseText Analysis Essay 2Argument 3:Discussion第37页/共51页magic bullet Theres no magic bullet for school reform.quick fix Theres no quick fix for stopping pollution.Congress is trying to avoid quick-fix solutions.Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 3:Words and Expressions第38页/共51页Questions for DiscussionAccording to the author,what is the ultimate cause of the drug problem?Do you agree?Does the author propose a possible solution to the drug problem?What solutions can you propose?Text Analysis Essay 2第39页/共51页What is the solution to the drug problem offered by Krauthammer?Deglamorization.Drug problem can only be solved culturally.What then are his main arguments?Is legalization a good solution?(paras.21-26)What should we do?(paras.27-31)Conclusion:four solutions.(para.32)Text Analysis Essay 3Structure of Essay 3第40页/共51页Is legalization a good solution?1.Whats the authors attitude towards legalization on the following issues?drug law enforcement comparison:illegal drugs vs.alcohol relationship between legalization and drug use2.Is legalization a good solution?Text Analysis Essay 3Argument 1:Discussion第41页/共51页1.to boot in addition;too;furthermore It was a long film and an uninteresting one to boot.2.dwarf to be so big that other things are made to seem very small Shakespeare dwarfs other dramatists.3.be here to stay To legalize other drugs is to declare that the rest of the pharmacy is here to stay too.Text Analysis Essay 3Argument 1:Words and Expressions第42页/共51页What should we do?1.Why does the author mention smoking?changed image of smokers?measures taken?2.We should do the same to drugsattitude towards the“Just Say No to Drugs”campaign?What does he mean by“cracking down hard on users”?Text Analysis Essay 3Argument 2:Discussion第43页/共51页1.project to try to make people see sth in a particular way 他的第一项任务就是塑造格拉斯哥友好城市的形象。His first job is to project Glasgow as a friendly city.2.crack down(hard)on to be strict in making a group of people obey rules or laws 他们正在严厉查处酒后驾车。They are cracking down hard on drunk driving.Text Analysis Essay 3Argument 2:Words and Expressions(1)第44页/共51页3.enough to go around enough to be shared among a group or to do all the things needed Eventually,we will not have enough water to go around.Are there enough books to go around the whole class?4.impose sanctions against Some people propose to punish drug takers by imposing stiff sanctions against their propertyheavy fines and confiscation.Text Analysis Essay 3Argument 2:Words and Expressions(2)第45页/共51页5.throw in to add sth to what you are selling without increasing the price They offered me a weekend break in Paris,with free beer thrown in.Text Analysis Essay 3Argument 2:Words and Expressions(3)第46页/共51页Discussion What is Krauthammers opinion concerning each of the four solutions?Text Analysis Essay 3第47页/共51页ReinforcementWritingWriting DiscussionUnit 6How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?第48页/共51页Do these different solutions represent different vested interests?What would you say about the content,structure and language of the three essays?How are the following methods used to support the arguments?logic/close reasoningfactsstatisticssource of authoritycommonsenseexperiencebasic principlesReinforcementDiscussion第49页/共51页Believe it or not,many of the arguments can be borrowed comfortably for discussions on other issues.Can you take a position on one issue and defend your point with some arguments from the text?prostitutiongamblingsmokingReinforcementWriting 第50页/共51页感谢您的观看！第51页/共51页
