高中二年级英语选修5课件unit3.ppt

Language pointsJOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”John Snow John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso was a famous doctor in Londonso expertexpert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal personal physicianphysician.But he became inspired when he.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people thought about helping ordinary people exposed exposed toto cholera.cholera.This was the deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause This was the deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause nor itsnor its cure cure was understood.So many thousands of was understood.So many thousands of terrifiedterrified people died every time there was an outbreak.people died every time there was an outbreak.John Snow wanted to face the John Snow wanted to face the challengechallenge and solve this and solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its floated around until it found its victimsvictims.The second.The second suggested that people suggested that people absorbed absorbed this disease into their this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.died.John Snow John Snow suspectedsuspected that the second theory was that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbreak correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbreak hit London in 1854,he was ready to begin his hit London in 1854,he was ready to begin his equiryequiry.As.As the disease spread quickly through poor the disease spread quickly through poor neihbourhoodsneihbourhoods,he began to gather information.In two particular streets,he began to gather information.In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so the cholera outbreak was so severesevere that more than 500 that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water near the water pumppump in Broad Street(especially numbers in Broad Street(especially numbers 16,37,38 and 40).He also noticed that some houses(such 16,37,38 and 40).He also noticed that some houses(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.He had not had had no deaths.He had not foreseenforeseen this,so he made this,so he made further investigations.He discovered that these people further investigations.He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.It seemed that the water was to pump.It seemed that the water was to blameblame.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river these two streets.He found that it came from the river pollutedpolluted by the dirty water from London.He immediately by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handlehandle from the pump so that it could not be used.Soon from the pump so that it could not be used.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He had shown that afterwards the disease slowed down.He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London,he found supporting evidence In another part of London,he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.A woman,who had moved away from Broad outbreak.A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.Both she and her it delivered to her house every day.Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to extra evidence John Snow was able to announceannounce with with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.certainty that polluted water carried the germs.To prevent this from happening again,John Snow To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.The water companies were instructed not to examined.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally expose people to polluted water any more.Finally“King Cholera”was defeated.“King Cholera”was defeated.1.Who 1.Who put forward put forward a theory about black holes?a theory about black holes?谁谁提出了黑洞理提出了黑洞理论论？put put forward forward 提提出出（建建议议、计计划划、意意见见、理理论论等等）;题题名名，推荐推荐;将将提前提前;把（把（钟钟、表、表)拨拨快快 2.conclude 2.conclude v v结论结论，推断推断 (n.)(n.)draw/come to/reach/arrive at a conclusiondraw/come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出得出结论结论 make a conclusionmake a conclusion in conclusion in conclusion concludewithconcludewithe.g:After a e.g:After a (heat)discussion,a plan that (heat)discussion,a plan that (day)assignments(day)assignments (handle)in time has(handle)in time has been put been put for studying English well in for studying English well in (conclude).(conclude).conclusionconclusion下下结论结论最后，最后，总总之之heatedheateddailydaily should be handled should be handledforwardforwardconclusionconclusion以以结结束束2.John 2.John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert,expert,indeed,that he indeed,that he attendedattended Queen Victoria as Queen Victoria as her personal her personal physicianphysicianattend attend vt vt.&vi.&vi.照照顾顾；出席；出席；照料照料(attend on/upon)(attend on/upon)；伴伴随；随；倾倾听；听；对对关心关心，关注关注 n.n.参加参加;注意注意;伴随伴随发发生生 n.n.侍者侍者 adj.adj.伴随着伴随着;n.n.出席者出席者 attend attend to sb./sthto sb./sth.be in attendance be in attendance be in attendance on sb be in attendance on sb .expert n.expert n.能手能手;行家行家 adj.adj.熟熟练练的的;经验经验丰富的丰富的 adv.adv.熟熟练练地地 be expert at/inbe expert at/in attendance attendance attendantattendant attender attender处处理理;对对付付;关关怀怀出席出席陪伴陪伴;服侍服侍expertlyexpertly在在方面方面(是是)专专家家/娴娴熟熟4.But he became inspired when he thought about helping 4.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people ordinary people exposedexposed to cholera.to cholera.但是一想到要帮助那些霍乱病患者但是一想到要帮助那些霍乱病患者时时，他就感到很振，他就感到很振奋奋。expose expose vt vt.暴露暴露(uncover)(uncover)；使；使(胶片胶片)曝光，曝光，揭露揭露(reveal)(reveal)某人或罪行某人或罪行 n.n.暴露暴露;陈陈列列 n.n.爆炸爆炸,激增激增 adj.adj.暴露的暴露的;无遮掩的无遮掩的expose sb.to sth.=sb.is exposed to sth.expose sb.to sth.=sb.is exposed to sth.(使使)某人受到某事的威某人受到某事的威胁胁/影响影响;使某人接触使某人接触(新事物新事物)exposureexposionexposede.g:e.g:was announced was that the Chinese scientist Tu was announced was that the Chinese scientist Tu Youyou expert Youyou expert traditional Chinese medicine traditional Chinese medicine and and (fame)as a physician,was awarded half of(fame)as a physician,was awarded half of the Noble Prize forthe Noble Prize for (discovery)arte misinin (discovery)arte misinin(青蒿草青蒿草),a drug that has),a drug that has (significance)(significance)reduced the mortality(reduced the mortality(死亡死亡)rates for patients)rates for patients (expose)to malaria(expose)to malaria(疟疟疾疾)is a kind of is a kind of (infect)disease,who need(infect)disease,who need (attend)to.(attend)to.you believe or not,at that time you believe or not,at that time Tu Tu Youyou was born,theYouyou was born,the (infect)patients infect)patients couldnt couldnt (cure)of(cure)of the moment the moment the the (die)malaria broke out,(die)malaria broke out,(owe)to(owe)to the bacteriathe bacteria (multiply)increasingly(multiply)increasingly in the bodies of their victims,which really was a great in the bodies of their victims,which really was a great challenge.challenge.WhatinfamousdiscoveringsignificantlywhichinfectiousattendingexposedWhetherwheninfected be cureditowing being multiplieddeadly5.The second 5.The second suggestedsuggested that people that people absorbedabsorbed this disease this disease intointo their bodies with their meals.their bodies with their meals.John Snow John Snow suggestedsuggested that the source of all the water that the source of all the water supplies be examined.supplies be examined.It It seemed seemed that that the the water water was was to to blame blame absorb absorb v v.吸吸收收(液液体体,光光,声等声等)；汲取；汲取,理解理解(知知识识等等););合并合并(公司等公司等)；吞并；吞并 be absorbed in be absorbed in be absorbed intobe absorbed into 把把归归咎于某人咎于某人 因因责备责备某人某人 是是的起因；的起因；应该为应该为某事某事负责负责任任take the blametake the blame承担承担过错过错put the blame onput the blame on归归咎于咎于bear the blamebear the blame承担承担责责任任全神全神贯贯注于注于被吸取被吸取blame sth.on sb.blame sth.on sb.blame sb.for sb.blame sb.for sb.be to blame forbe to blame fore.g:Though e.g:Though (absorb)in the case,the detectives(absorb)in the case,the detectives have not foreseen the victims in the have not foreseen the victims in the (neighbor)(neighbor)in the bombing of Pairs were injured so in the bombing of Pairs were injured so (severe)(severe)that the detectives have not made a that the detectives have not made a (conclude)(conclude)that that instructed the miserable case instructed the miserable case (take)(take)place and who is place and who is (blame)for the case(blame)for the case (link)to the violence.Apart from that,even if they have(link)to the violence.Apart from that,even if they have suspected the members of IS suspected the members of IS the violence,the violence,(lack)enough(lack)enough (evident),the detectives have no(evident),the detectives have no right to arrest right to arrest .absorbedabsorbedneighborhoodsneighborhoodsseverely.severely.conclusion conclusion whowhoto take placeto take place to blame to blamelinkedlinkedlacking lacking evidenceevidenceofofthemthemSeeing that many people _ cholera,John Snow,a famous doctor,decided to help them.Cholera was a deadly disease of its day.John Snow spent a lot of time _ to find its cause and its cure.When another outbreak _ London in 1854,he _ that most of those who died of cholera lived near a water pump.died of tryinghitfound out Complete the passage with proper words,which will help you retell the text.He _ that the water was polluted and told people not to drink it any more.One woman in another part died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce _ certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this _ again,John Snow _ that the source of all the water supplies _(examine)and that no polluted water be drunk.In this way cholera _ in the end.with from happening suggested be examined suspectedwas defeated