中考阅读理解专题讲解课件.ppt

中考英语中考英语“阅读理解阅读理解”解题训练解题训练阅读表达阅读表达书面表达书面表达20%听力听力17%单选单选13%词汇应用词汇应用翻译句子翻译句子17%完形完形8%各各类类题题型型在在中中考考试试卷卷中中所所占占比比例例阅读理解阅读理解25%阅读阅读题干题干类型类型细节理解细节理解tolookforthedetails主旨大意主旨大意tofindoutthemainidea推理判断推理判断toinferaconclusion猜测词义猜测词义toguessthemeaning细节理解细节理解推理判断推理判断猜测词义猜测词义主旨大意主旨大意10%20%10%60%阅阅读读理理解解题题型型所所占占比比例例中考中考阅读解题方法阅读解题方法一、逆向解题法一、逆向解题法1、先看题目、找答案、先看题目、找答案(Firstlookthroughthequestions,thenfindtheanswersinthepassage)2、再通看全文核实答案、再通看全文核实答案(Checktheanswersbyreadingthewholepassage.)此种方法的优缺点是：此种方法的优缺点是：答题速度快，答题速度快，但正确率相对低一些。但正确率相对低一些。二、正向解题法二、正向解题法1、先看文章大意、先看文章大意(Firstlookthroughthepassage)段首句段首句与段尾句与段尾句2、再看题目、找答案、再看题目、找答案(Readthequestionsandfindouttheanswers)指读法指读法3、最后通看全文核实答案、最后通看全文核实答案(Checktheanswers)此种方法的优缺点是：答题正确率高，此种方法的优缺点是：答题正确率高，但较费时。但较费时。建议：考试时，可以将第三步放在检查时进行。建议：考试时，可以将第三步放在检查时进行。如何解答如何解答细节理解细节理解题题？(Tolookfordetails)细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。解题技巧为：解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照,一般能从原文中直接找到答案。一般能从原文中直接找到答案。()1.Mr.andMrs.Greenaregoingtothezoowiththeirfive-year-oldson.Theyhavetopay_fortheticket.A.fifteendollarsB.thirtydollarsC.forty-fivedollarsD.sixtydollars原文再现原文再现：TicketPriceGrown-up:$30.00Children:$15.00Childrenundersix:freeD()2.Thezooclosesat_onweekends.A.5:30p.mB.4:30p.mC.9:ooa.mD.8:00a.m原文再现：原文再现：OpeningtimeFromMondaytoFriday:9:00-16:30SaturdayandSunday:8:00-17:30A()3.Somedisabledpeopleneedrobotshelpto_.A.takecareofthemselvesB.talktootherpeopleC.becomescientistsD.dodangerousjobs原文再现：原文再现：IntheUnitedStates,anotherkindofrobothelpsdisabledpeopletotakecareofthemselvesintheirdailylife.AForexampleItseemsthateverybodytellslies,well,notbiglies,butwhatwecall“whitelies”.Tellingwhiteliesisntthatbad.Mostofthetime,peopledoitbecausetheywanttoprotectafriendship.()4、Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Whiteliesarenotbiglies.B.Infact,everybodytellslies.C.Peopletellwhiteliestoprotectafriendship.D.Whiteliesareharmfultofriendship.（答案为（答案为D.答题时要求对每个选项进行回读答题时要求对每个选项进行回读确认信息，然后判断。）确认信息，然后判断。）如何解答如何解答推理判断推理判断题？题？(Toinferaconclusion)推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括：推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。的、态度和倾向等的推断。解题技巧为：分析文章结构，根据上下文解题技巧为：分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。常见题式：常见题式：1）Fromthepassageweknowthat_.2）Fromthepassagewecaninfer(推断）推断）that_.3）Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybe_.注意：此类题目无法从原文中找到注意：此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子。一模一样的句子。()5.Visitors_inthezoo.A.Mustnttakephotoswithallanimals.B.Mustntgoclosetothedangerousanimal.C.Cangivefoodtotheanimals.D.Canthrowyourthingsaround.原文再现：原文再现：.Youarewelcometotakephotoswithsomeanimals.Keepthezooclean.DonotfeedorgoneartothedangerousanimalsB如何解答如何解答主旨大意主旨大意题？题？(Tofindoutthemainidea)主旨大意题的目的是考查对短文中心思想主旨大意题的目的是考查对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。或作者意图的掌握。解题技巧为：找主题句。解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。主旨题常见题式为主旨题常见题式为：1.Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?2.Themainideaofthispassageis_3.Thepassagemainlytellsus：_ForexampleHappinessisforeveryoneInfact,happinessisalwaysaroundyou,ifyouputyourheartintoitHappinessisnotthesameasmoney,itisafeelingofyourheartWhichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?A.BadluckB.GoodluckD.LifeC.HappinessC.Happiness如何解答如何解答猜测词义猜测词义题？题？(Toguessthemeaning)猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。灵活变化的词义能力。解题技巧为：通过阅读单词附近的上下文，解题技巧为：通过阅读单词附近的上下文，断定该词的真正含义。要注意单词本义之外断定该词的真正含义。要注意单词本义之外的符合题意的含义。的符合题意的含义。常见题式如下：常见题式如下：1）Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans_.2）Whatdoestheword“”mean_.3）Theunderlinedwordmeans_.ForexampleChildrenlikesuchcreaturesasdogsandmonkeys.Theunderlinedwordmeans_.AanimalsB.plantsC.HumansD.toys（答案为（答案为A。由。由dogsandmonkeys可推断出可推断出)链接中考链接中考p.51Manyofusdontpaymuchattentiontotheimportanceofeyecare.Itissaidthatifyoutakecareofyourbody,thenyoucansurelybehealthy.Thatiswhyoureyesshouldbegivenalotofcare.Naturaleyecareshouldbeputinanumberoneplace.Thereareseveralcausesleadingtopooreyesightlikenotenoughfood,genes(基因)andaging(老化)Televisions,computersandreadingarealsothecausesofha-vingpooreyesight.Ifyouhappentoworkinfrontofthecomputer,itisbesttotakeabreakeveryonceinawhile.Somethingdirtycancauserednessandtheywillmakeyoufeeluncomfortable.Itisbadforyoureyes,too.Ifthishappens,thebestwayistocleanyoureyesbyusingcoldwater.Youmustalsotryyourbesttoprotectyoureyesfromharmfulthings.Forexample,sunglassesarenotjustforfashionbuttheycanalsoserveasagreatwaytoprotectyoureyesightfromUV_rays.Eatinghealthyfoodswilldogoodtoyoureyesight.RememberthatvitaminsA,CandEaregoodforeyes.Trytoeatfoodgroupsthathavethesevitamins.Andyoushoulddoeyeexercisesbecauseexerciseprotectsyoureyesight,too.Ifapersonexercisesregularly(定期地)andeats therightkindoffood,hiseyeswillstayingoodconditionforalongtime.Allabovearenaturalwaysofeyecarethathelpuskeephealthyeyes.Beinghappyallthetimecanbehelpfultoapersonseyesight,too.Inaword,eyecareisveryimportant,nomatterhowoldapersonis.本文主要讲述了保护眼睛的重要性，以及如何保护眼睛。()61._isthemostimportantwaytoprotectoureyes.ANaturaleyecareBTakingmedicineCSeeingthedoctorDBeinghappyallthetimeA细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Naturaleyecareshouldbeputinanumberoneplace.”可知选A。()62.Allthefollowingcausescanleadtobadeyesightexcept_.AageBheightCreadingDcomputersB细节理解题。由第二段第一、二句可知年龄、阅读、操作电脑都可能引起视力的变化，而身高与视力无关，不是引起视力变坏的原因，故选B。()63.Whatshouldyoudoifyouhavetoworkinfrontofthecomputer?AEathealthyfoods.BCleantheeyesbyusingcoldwater.CWearapairofsunglasses.DHavearestafterworkingforawhile.D推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，在电脑前工作一段时间后，我们应休息一会，故选D。()64.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“UVrays”mean?A沙尘B闪电C紫外线D超声波C词义猜测题。根据生活常识可知，戴太阳镜不仅可以显得时尚，还可以防太阳照射，故可推测UVrays是“紫外线”的意思。()65.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?AWaysofEyeCareBWaysofEyeExercisesCWaysofBeingHappyDWaysofBeingHealthyA主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，本文主要讲述保护眼睛的方法，最后一段的首句是本文的主题句，故选A。