高考阅读理解词义、句义猜测题应试技巧.ppt

高高 考考 阅阅 读读 理理 解解 词词 义义、句句 义义 猜猜 测测 题题 应应 试试 技技 巧巧 油墩街中学:高 向高考阅读理解中，经常出现一定量高考阅读理解中，经常出现一定量的生词，并且每年总有二至四题直的生词，并且每年总有二至四题直接考查词义、句义猜测。这充分体接考查词义、句义猜测。这充分体现了现了教学大纲教学大纲和和考试说明考试说明的要求，意在考查考生根据上下文的要求，意在考查考生根据上下文推测生词短语含义的能力，突出考推测生词短语含义的能力，突出考查语境的分析和把握能力。猜词能查语境的分析和把握能力。猜词能力不仅涉及到学生的语言知识水平，力不仅涉及到学生的语言知识水平，还涉及到学生的语言应用能力和综还涉及到学生的语言应用能力和综合素质水平。合素质水平。在阅读理解中，猜测词义、句义题的特点是在阅读理解中，猜测词义、句义题的特点是对生词、短语、指示代词和句子的猜测。对生词、短语、指示代词和句子的猜测。一、常用设问形式：一、常用设问形式：1.The underlined word.refers to(means)_.2.Which of the following words can take the place of the word.?3.What is the meaning of.as the words are used in the text?4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to.(paragraph.)?二、应试技巧二、应试技巧 1.同义法：通常在词或短语之间有同义法：通常在词或短语之间有并列连词并列连词and或或or，这些，这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且词或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或或or连接的两项内连接的两项内容在含义上是容在含义上是接近的或递进的接近的或递进的,由此确定由此确定同等关系同等关系中的某个生中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。标志性的词有标志性的词有:or,and,similar Millions of animals die each year on US roads,the Federal Highway administration reports.In fact,only about 80 ocelots,an endangered wild cat exist in the US today.The main reason?Ocelots:野猫野猫Quietly,the graying of America has made us a very different society-one in which people have a different ideas of what kinds of behavioris suitable at various ages.The underlined word“one”refers to _A.a society B.America C.a place D.PopulationNotes:graying 灰白灰白 behavior 行为行为 Not every historic mansion,church,battle site theatre and other public halls can be preserved楼房楼房We should,therefore,learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately,or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.粗俗粗俗,庸庸俗俗The book contained a large number clues to helpreaders find the hare,but Williams put in a lot of“red herrings”,or false clues,to mislead them.错误的线错误的线索索Fermats Last Theorem(定理定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress Like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word baffle as it is used in the text?A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit peoples imagination.使困惑使困惑,难以理解难以理解2.反义法：利用反义词说明生词的意义。如反反义法：利用反义词说明生词的意义。如反义词义词hot and cold,give and receive,perfect and imperfect,甚至前、后句为肯定与否定、甚至前、后句为肯定与否定、或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。标志性的词有标志性的词有:unlike,although,but,yet,while,on the contrary,on the other hand,for one thing,instead of,rather than,other thanA childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months.What does the under lined word hassle“probably mean?A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests 麻烦麻烦“unlike vitamin C,leadership skills cant be easilySwallowed down.They must be carefully cultivatedNote:swallow 吞吞 vitamin 维生素维生素The underlined word“cultivated”roughly means_A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed One idea about business is that it can be treated as agame of perfect information.Quite the reverse,business polite,life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.Which of the following can be used in place of“quiteThe reverse”?A.Quite right B.Time enough.C.Most unlikely D.Just the opposite 3.释义法：在文中的字里行间，对生词以释义法：在文中的字里行间，对生词以定语定语(从句从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号表语甚至用逗号、破折号,括弧括弧等标点符号引出并加以解等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。标志性的词语有释说明的方式。标志性的词语有:to be,that is,mean,Stand for,namely,to refer to,to mean,in other words 等等需要我们阅读时细心去发现等等需要我们阅读时细心去发现Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels,or struggling with their ballalators throughthe scribe.These words,which I have just made up,haveto stand for things and ideas that we simply cant think of.Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to _A.Tools used in the farmsB.ideas about modern lifeC.unknown things in the futureD.hunting skills in the Stone Age In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England.For about a century,French became the official language.England while Old English became the language of peasants.As a result,English words of politics and the law come from Frenchrather than German.In some cases,modern English even shows a distinction(区别区别)between upper-class French andlower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words.We even have Different words for some foods,meat in particular,depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming,while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.Notes:Normans 诺曼人诺曼人(是现在德国是现在德国,法国地区的人法国地区的人)Anglo-Saxon传统的英国人传统的英国人.Which of the following groups of words are,by inference,rooted in French?A.president,lawyer,beef B.president,bread,water C.bread,field,water D.folk,field,cow.Which of the following groups of words are,by inference,rooted in French?A.president,lawyer,beef B.president,bread,water C.bread,field,water D.folk,field,cow The Jet DEau together with the Flower Watch are the main attractions every year for the tourists visiting Geneva.The Jet dEau has become the symbol of Geneva for a longTime.This is a 140meters high water monument with a rich History.Eight 13,500-watt projectors light the grand colum of the fountain in the evening,from early March until the Second Sunday of October.The Jet dEau refers to _A.the water fountain B.the English Garden C.a new scene with electric lighting 4.因果关系因果关系 在上下文中，由从属连词在上下文中，由从属连词because,since,so等连接。据此，等连接。据此，可根据已知的可根据已知的因因推出未知的推出未知的果果。“But”,began Kim,“I feel that since you are my superior,it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do”.The word“presumptuous”is the closest in meaning to _A.Full of respect B.too confident and rude C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet If left to himself,he would have whistled(吹口哨吹口哨)lift away in perfect satisfaction;but his wife was always mad at him for his idleness(懒散懒散).Morning,noon,and night,her tongue was endlessly going,so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house-the only side which,in truth,belongs to a henpecked husband.the words henpecked husband means_A.Like hunting B.is afraid of hensC.Loves his wife D.is afraid of his wife He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled houseto push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up.Then he helped each other out of the house to the safety of the garden.There,his sister and brother,taking short and quick breaths and coughing,collapsed on the lawnNotes:lawn 草坪草坪瘫倒瘫倒4.情景推断法：猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情景推断法：猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情景，词义可以从上下文的具体语言环境中推断出来。情景，词义可以从上下文的具体语言环境中推断出来。Organic produce is always better”,Gold said，The foodis free of pesticides(农药农药),and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地本地)grown and seasonal,so it is more tasty”.Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buyinginto the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain arecounting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.What is the meaning of the organic trend as the words are used in the text?A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food Notes:More often than not:常常常常Organic:有机的有机的 Seasonal:季节性的季节性的Growing:越来越多的越来越多的Counting on:相信相信 The plants are about one metre apart.The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimetres high.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.In the first paragraph the word pruning means_A.regular cutting of the plantsB.frequent wateringC.regular uses of chemicalsD.growing the plants high in the mountain(1)We watched as the cat came quietly through the grass toward the bird.When it was just a few feet from the victim,it gathered its legs under itself,and pounced(2)What could John expect?He had left his wet swimming trunks in the dark closet for over a week.of course they had begun to mildew.(3)In spite of the fact that the beautiful egret is in danger of dying out completely,many clothing manufacturers still offer handsome prices for their long,elegant tail feathers,which are used as decorations on ladies hats.三三.练一练练一练扑扑,跳跳发霉发霉一种鸟一种鸟(4)Experts in kinetics,in their study of body motion as related to speech,hope to discover new methods of communication.(5)Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy,unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.(6)After a day of hunting,Harold is ravenous.Yesterday,for example,he ate two bowls of soup,salad,a large chicken,and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfied.人体行为学人体行为学善于社交的善于社交的饥饿饥饿(7)The major points of your plan are clear to me,but the details are still hazy(8)In order to discover who had a natural ability to learn language,the students were given tests to determine their language aptitude.(9)Mother was tall,fat,and middle aged.The principal of the school was an old woman,almost as plump as Mother,and much shorter.(10)I became angrier and angrier as Don talked,but I refrained from saying anything 不清楚不清楚学英语的学英语的能力能力Fat 自我控制自我控制(11)Most of us learn very young in life to control basic drives such as sex,hunger,and aggression.(12)The memory of a bad experience can some-times trigger the same fear caused by thatexperience.Thus,a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe,merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog.A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears.(13)The members of the family were so angry that I decided to stay away from the house until dinner.Their rage truly frightened me.好斗情绪好斗情绪需求需求引起引起生气生气谢谢 谢谢 大大 家家 观观 赏赏