九年级英语语言点讲解.doc
九年级英语语言点讲解Unit1: How do you study for a test?1. look up (1) 向上看;抬头看 She looked up and saw a smiling face. 她抬头看,看见一张笑脸。 (2)(在词典、时刻表中)查看 Look up these words in the dictionary. 在字典中查这些单词。2. native speaker 生来就说某种语言的人;将本族语的人 3. make up 组成;编造. He made up the story. 他捏造了这个故事。4. Another thing that he found very difficult 划线部分是定语从句修饰another thing,that 作found 的宾语,词处不能省略。5. deal (1) 作动词,过去时、过去分词:dealt, dealt。 deal with 处理,对付 How do you deal with it? 你怎么处理这件事? (2) 作名词,“交易,协议”。 He made a deal with the man. 他和那人达成了协议。 Its a deal. 就这么定了。6. unless (1) 除非;如果不 I will go unless it rains heavily. 除非下大雨,否则我不会去的。 (2)unless 可与if . not 进行互换,如上句可写成:I will go if it doesnt rain heavily.7. affect 动词 “影响;打动;(疾病)侵袭” The change has seriously affected her income. 这样一变,她的收入大受影响。 The swelling soon affected the entire leg. 很快整条腿全肿了。 I was affected by his words. 他的话感动了我。8. influence (1)作动词,“给以影响,左右”。What influenced you to do that? 你受了什么影响去做那事? (2)作名词,“影响;感化;作用 ” She has much influence over her children. 她对孩子们影响很大。 9. affect与 influence的区别:affect 指的大多是负面的“影响”;influence 是影响别人的行为或情绪。10. behave 作动词,“行为;举止”。She behaves very well. 她举止很得体。 behavior 作名词,“行为;举止”。Her behavior deserved praise. 她的行为值得褒奖。11. be angry with sb. at sth. 因某事而生某人的气 I was angry with him at his carelessness. 我因他的粗心而生气。 be angry to do sth. 由 生气 Mum was angry to see that. 看到那一切,妈妈很生气。12. stay + adj. 保持某种状态 He stays angry. 他一直生气。 stay + adv. 停留某处 Hell stay here for 3 days. 他将在这儿呆三天。13. last (1) 作动词,“持续;延续”。The meeting lasted two hours. 会议持续了两小时。 (2) 作形容词,“最后的,刚过去的”。This is my last lesson. 这是我的最后一课。 He wasnt here last week. 上周他不在这儿。14. regard (1) regard as 把看作/视为。 He regards his father as a hero. 他把自己的父亲看成英雄。 (2) regard + 名词, “考虑;注意;尊重”。He never regards her advice. 他从不考虑她的建议。 (3) 作名词,“注意;关心;顾虑”。Pay more regard to yourself. 多关心一下自己。 (4) regards 名词,“致意;问候;请安”。Please give my regards to Peter. 请代我向彼得问好。15. complain 动词,“抱歉”。He is always complaining about his parents. 他总是抱怨自己的父亲。16. It is ones duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责或义务。 It is our duty to protect the environment. 保护环境是我们的职责。17. 辨析:(1) compare to 把比作(两种不同的事物进行比较)。He compared books to friends. 他把书比作朋友。 (2) compare with 同相比(同类事物中比较)。He is a small potato compared with Jack. 跟杰克相比,他就是个小人物。18.break off (1)断绝(关系)to break off relations with the neighboring countries与邻国断绝关系 (2)突然停止(讲话等),to break off a conversation / talking中止谈话 (3) 暂停工作,暂时歇手,休息一下: Let's break off for lunch.我们暂停工作去吃午饭吧。break a promise 违背诺言break down (机器)损坏,发生故障;崩溃;瓦解;垮掉 My car broke down on the way. 我的车在路上抛锚了/坏了。19. 当表示方式时,介词by; with;in 的区别: by “通过 / 靠(作)的方法。 He lives by writing poetry. 他靠写诗为生。 with “实用工具”。We write with pens. 我们用钢笔写字。 in “用媒体、手段、颜色。颜料、语言等”。He wrote the letter in English. 他用英语写信。Please write your homework in ink. 请用墨水写作业。a girl in red 穿红衣服的女孩写作技巧简解提示性作文的解题技巧提示性作文具有题型灵活、内容易受控制和简单易写等特征,它是命题作文的初级阶段,是根据所提供的情节来进行写作,文章的中心思想和信息内容都在提示中得到暗示。写这类文章时,要重点分析语段结构的组织以及如何确定文章的开头、结尾、发展段落上。具体应做好以下几点:1. 明确中心思想:要善于从所给提示中确定中心思想,明确写作意图,并在把握主题内容的基础上,确定文章的题目、主题句、写作方法以及展开段落的方式。2. 保持原有内容:必须按照提示的范围和要求来写文章,提示内容是文章的总体框架, 应该在提示范围内进行分析、构思、想象和发展段落。3. 内容必须连续,有逻辑性:依据提示内容,按照一定逻辑关系将它们联系起来,形成段落。句与句之间、段与段之间的衔接要自然、连贯,要注意使用适当的连接词或过渡性语句,使上下文更为紧凑、自然。切忌把中文提示逐句翻译,应根据提示内容发展思路,用熟悉的词语、句型和句式来表达思想内容。4. 反复审核,修改错误:写完文章,要进行检查,看短文是否有拼写、用词、时态、语态以及表达方面的错误。下面来看一篇中考范例: 前几天,一些同学就英语学习现状进行了一次讨论,发现有如下问题:1. 对学习英语没有兴趣; 2. 记忆单词有困难;3. 怕出错,不敢参与小组讨论;4. 阅读中不知如何处理生词;5. 写作中 假如你是方华,在英语学习中也遇到了一些类似的问题,你以邮件的形式向英语报社的编辑(Bob)咨询,希望得到帮助。要求:1. 提出三个英语学习中的问题;2. 可以参考以上提示,也可以根据自己实际适当发挥;3. 中心突出,语意连贯,层次清晰,书写规范;4. 不少于80词。5. 开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。Dear Bob,Im very pleased to write to you, Yours, Fang Hua写作指导:首先,看清题目要求,这是一封信,你需要接着开头往下进行,提出自己写这封信的原因;其次,提出三个英语学习中的问题,可参考所给出的问题;第三,给出一个适当的结尾,希望对方给予帮助并表示感谢。参考范文:Dear Bob, I m very pleased to write to you. I know youre an expert in English learning. Ive so many problems to trouble you now. English is so difficult that I nearly want to give it up! In English class I cant follow my teacher because of the poor listening. Also I cant remember the words clearly. Although I spend much time on it, I still cant use words in the right way.Whats worse, when I read English, I am often trapped in(我常常被困在)the unknown words. It stops me from receiving the main information(它阻止我获得主要信息). You can imagine what the result of my English learning is!Those worry me a lot. What should I do? Would you please help me? I will be very grateful (非常感谢) to get your help.Yours, Fang Hua Unit2: I used to be afraid of the dark.1used to 的用法:used /ju:st/ (1)used to do sth. 表示“(过去)常常做某事”、“(以前)一直做某事”,指的是过去;现在大多数人使用did进行否定和疑问。如:I used to live in London. 我过去一直住在伦敦。I didnt use to like her. 我一向不喜欢她。Did you use to go there? 你以前常到哪儿去吗?注意:used to 起助动词的作用。在否定和疑问句中,可以帮助否定和疑问。但属于正统的或是文雅的形式,现在很少人使用。I usednt to like her. 我未尝喜欢过她。Used you go to there? 你昔日可常去那里? (2)be used to sth./doing sth. “习惯于某事/做某事”,一般指的是现在。I am used to getting up at 6 every day. 我习惯每天6点起床。 (3)be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth. “被用来做”.The hat is used to keep warm. = The hat is used for keeping warm. 帽子是用来保暖的。 (4)辨析:used to 和would used to 和would 都可表示过去的习惯或行为,常可换用。When we were children we used to / would go skating every winter. 我们小时候每年冬天都去滑冰。 used to 含有较强的“今昔对比”的含义,而would 无此含义。I do not swim so often as I used to. 我不像过去那样常游泳了。(不能用would 代替)He would sometimes work into the night. 以前他常工作到深夜。(不表示现在他不工作到深夜) 用would 时,有时应有时间状语来加以限制,而used to 则可无时间状语。 He would go to see Mother every vacation. (那时)他每个假期去看望妈妈。He isnt what he used to be. 他不再是过去的他。2sure 的用法: (1)sure 在这里是副词(口语),“的确、当然”,相当于 surely. It sure was cold. 的确很冷。 (2)sure 可以是形容词,“无疑,自信,有把握”。常与of/about 搭配;也可后接句子。如:I am sure of my facts. 我确信我的资料属实。I not sure when I saw her last. 我不能确定上次看见她是什么时候。 be sure to do sth. 肯定要做某事的 You are sure to fail if you do it that way. 你那样做一定会失败。 surely 是副词,“无疑;当然”。 This will surely cause problems.这肯定会出问题的。3. still 副词,“仍然”。在句中位置是:在实义动词之前,在be动词、助动词(will,can,have等)之后,在used to 之前。She is still sleeping. 她仍在睡觉。4.(1)be afraid (of sth/sb.); be afraid (of doing sth/to do sth),“畏惧,害怕(做)”。He is afraid of going out at night. 他害怕晚上出门。 (2)be afraid (that)“恐怕”。用来有礼貌地表达可能令人不快的信息。I am afraid we cant come. 我恐怕我们不能来。5. (1)be terrified of “对很害怕”。 I am terrified of spiders. 我惧怕蜘蛛。 (2)terrify 动词,“使害怕”。He terrified the children with ghost stories. 他讲的鬼故事吓坏了孩子们。6. with 这里表示伴随状态 The woman got on the bus with a baby on her back. 这个女子背着孩子上了公共汽车。7. on the soccer team 在游泳队 on 可以表示为某集团、组织、队伍的成员。8. all the time “(在该段时间内)一直;向来”。The letter I was looking for was in my pocket all the time. 我找的那封信一直在我的口袋里。He is a businessman al the time. 他一向是个商人。9. a lot 在句中与动词连用,“常常;很;非常”。I care about you a lot. 我对你很关心。10. go right home 直接回家 right “直接地”,作副词。11spend “花费”。结构:spend + 时间/钱 + (in) doing sth. 人+spend + 时间/钱 + on sth. 如:She spends too much money on clothes. 他在衣服上花费太大。辨析:pay “付款”。结构:人 + pay + 人 + 钱 + for sth. (pay和spend 的主语是人); cost “花费”。结构:物 + cost + 人 + 钱 。(cost 的主语是物) take “花费”。 结构:It takes sb. some time to do sth. (it 是形式主语,代替后面的不定式to do sth.)I spent 20 yuan on the book. = I paid 20 yuan for the book. = The book cost me 20 yuan. 我花了20元买的这本书。It takes me 20 minutes to finish my homework. = I spend 20 minutes (in) finishing my homework. 我做作业花了20分钟的时间。12. hardly “几乎不”。副词。在含有hardly 的反意疑问句中,后面的反问部分用肯定形式。He can hardly go to sleep because of the man upstairs, can he? 由于楼上的男人,她几乎不能入睡,是不是?13. miss “小姐;错过;思念”。多义词。14. daily adj. : 日常的;每天的 n. : 日报15mind (1)做动词,“介意;反对”,后接名词或动词。结构:mind sth / doing sth. Would you mind helping me? 你介不介意帮忙?Do you mind the noise? 这噪音影响你吗?回答:No, of course not. / No, certainly not. / No, not at all. 当然不介意。 (2)作名词,“想法;主意;头脑;心理”。An idea flashed across his mind. 他脑子里闪过一个念头。Change ones mind 改变某人的主意 make ones mind (to do) 下定决心做某事16. grow 多义词:变得;生长;使某物生长。Grow a beard 蓄胡须17. seem 连系动词,“似乎;好像”。结构:(1)seem + (to be) + adj. He seems (to be) angry. 他似乎生气了。(2)seem + to do They seem to know what theyre doing. 他们好像明白他们正在做得事。 (3)It seems that + 句子. It seems that he is angry. 他似乎生气了。18recent adj., “近来的”。recent events 不久前的事件 recently adv. 是lately 的意思。a recently painted house 最近粉刷过的房子 19. change “改变”,可作及物动词或不及物动词。Our plans have changed. 我们的计划已经改变了。 I want to change our plans. 我想改变我们的计划。 change 作名词,“变化;零钱”。20. afford “(为了某目的)有足够的钱、时间地方等”。 常与can, could, be able to 连用。结构:afford (to do) sth. They walked because they couldnt afford (to take)a taxi. 他们因为坐不起出租车而步行。21. as well as she could = as well as possible “尽可能好地”。 as + adj. / adv.原级 + as one can = as adj. / adv.原级 + possible She gets up as early as possible. = He gets up as early as she can. 22. unfortunately, luckily 都是副词,在句中属于评注性状语,用来修饰整个句子,表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度,通常位于句首。 Clearly, he speak English. 很明显,他说英语。 23. get into trouble (with) “惹上麻烦”。 Even a talent swimmer can get into trouble. 哪怕是极具天赋的游泳者也会陷入困境。24. to ones surprise “令某人惊讶的是”,一般放在句首。 To my surprise, the door was unlocked. 令我感到惊讶的是门竟未锁。 而in surprise “惊讶地”,放在谓语后修饰它。 She looked at me in surprise. 她惊讶地看着我。25. take pride in “对某人、某事感到自豪”。 She takes great pride in her childrens success. 她对自己的孩子取得的成绩感到无比骄傲。 (1)the pride of “引以自豪的人或事”。 The new car is the pride of the whole family. 汽车是全家引以自豪之物。 (2)proud 是形容词:be proud of “为感到骄傲”。 She is proud of her success. 她为自己的成功感到骄傲。26.(1)pay attention to “注意” Please pay attention to your pronunciation while youre reading aloud. 朗读时请注意发音。 (2)attention “考虑;注意”。 Your suggestion has come to our attention. 我们已经考虑了你的建议。27. feel good = feel happy or confident “感到愉快、有信心”。 It makes me feel good to know you like me. 知道你喜欢我,我感到很高兴。 辨析:feel well “感觉身体好”。 I feel quite well today. 我今天感觉身体很好。28. give up sth. / doing sth. 放弃(做)某事。 She didnt give up studying English after he left school. 她毕业后没有放弃英语学习。 戒烟?29. death 名词,“死亡”。 There have been more deaths from the accident. 事故死亡人数有所增加。 die 动词 dead 形容词 The old man died 3 years ago. = The old man has been dead for 3 years. 不能说 The old man has died for 3 years. 但可以说The old man has died. 30. waste 的用法: 作动词:waste sth. ( on sb. / sth. ) She wastes her money on clothes. 她把钱浪费在衣服上。 作形容词: “荒废的”。 an area of waste land 一片荒地 作名词:“浪费;滥用”。 Its a waste of time doing that. 做那件事是浪费时间。反意疑问句结构1. 肯定的陈述句 + 否定的反意疑问句:The lock is slow, isnt it? 这表慢了,是不是?2. 否定的陈述句 + 肯定的反意疑问句:The clock isnt slow, is it? 这表没有慢,是不是?3. 祈使句 + will you? Carry the bag for me, will you? 为我搬这个包,好吗? Dont talk, will you? 不说话,好吗? 当祈使句是以lets 开头时,要用shall we?:Lets play soccer, shall we? 让我们去踢足球吧,好吗?4. 陈述部分是there be 结构时,反问部分也用there。There is something wrong with my eyes, isnt there? 我的眼睛有问题,是不是? 注意:1)陈述部分的否定词仅仅带有否定前缀,那么,在反意疑问句中,陈述句部分作肯定处理,反问部分仍用否定形式。 He was very unsuccessful, wasnt he? 他很不成功,是不是? 2)当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, few, little, nothing等否定词或半否定词时,反问部分用肯定形式。 Few people know him, do they? 没有几个人认识他,对不对?写作技巧简解书信写作技巧一般格式的英文书信构成分为8个部分:信头、日期、收信人姓名及地址、称呼、正文、结束语、署名、附言(P.S)。考试中,信头、结束语和署名大多已给出,学生只需要认真书写信的正文,必须记住以下几点:1. 明确试题要求。作文试题会在字数、话题、情景和作者身份方面提出要求。考生应认真阅读、积极构思,确定文章所要表现的主题。2. 写作之前明确读者身份,根据情景,根据自己与虚拟读者的关系确定文章的语气和措辞。3. 用词恰当、语法正确、标点、拼写无误。写作完毕要认真检查,避免有关语法、拼写和标点的错误。4. 注意段落的开头。一般说来,重要或强调的事情都放在信件或段落的开头。 中考范例假如你的名字叫Mike,今天在网上看到下面这则征笔友的帖子,请根据帖子内容写一封词数为5070的回信。要求:1. 表达交友愿望;2. 陈述交友理由;3.提供个人信息。2. 写作时,要求衔接过渡自然。Post : Pen-pal wanted: 14 or 15 years old Posted by Kayla on 6/2/05Hello! I am 14 years old. My name is Kayla. My birthday is May 13. I like to read, climb trees, do math, and like to watch football games. I love English and I want more chances to touch it. I think I need to do what I like to do. Id like to have a pen-pal who has different hobbies from me so that we can learn from each other. Please write to me. My email address is Kayla .Thanks.Kayla收件人(to):Kayla抄送(Cc):None主题(subject): Re: Pen-pal-wantedHello! Kayla, Best wishes!MikeUnit 3:Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.1. allow sb to do 允许某人做某事,被动形式为be allowed to do The teacher allowed us to go out.老师允许我们出去。 We are allowed to go out. 我们被允许出去。2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old people 16岁的青少年 sixteen-year-old 16岁的 (作前置定语 ) He is a sixteen-year-old boy. 他是一个16岁的小伙子。 sixteen years old 16岁 He is sixteen years old. 他16岁。3. part-time jobs 兼职工作 full-time jobs 全职工作4. get / have ones ears pierced 打耳洞;扎耳朵眼5. choose “选择”,过去式chose; 过去分词chosen choose to do sth. 选择(某人)做某事 He was chosen to be the monitor. 他被选为班长。6. enough “足够的”,修饰形容词、副词时,要放在所修饰词的后面。而修饰名词时,一般放在被修饰词的前面。 This coat is expensive enough. 这件外套够贵的。 They dont have enough money. 他们没有足够的钱。 7. (1)stop doing sth. 停止做某事 He stopped reading. 他不读了。 (2)stop to do sth. He stopped to write. 他停下来写。8. seem 似乎、好像 (1)seem 是连系动词,后接形容词。 She seems happy. 他似乎很高兴。 (2)seem to do 似乎要做某事 可与“It seems that + 从句”互换。He seems to know about it.= It seems that he knows about it. 他似乎知道这件事。9. need 需要 作行为动词,也可作情态动词。 “需要做某事”:need to do sth.(行为动词) / need do sth.(情态动词) He needs to go there. = He need go there. 他需要去那儿。10. spend (spent, spent) 花费(时间、金钱等) spend on sth. 在上花费(时间、金钱等) spend (in) doing 在做上花费(时间、金钱等) He spends money on books. = He spends money in buying books. 他在买书上花钱。11. instead 副词,“代替”。放句末。 I didnt go. Emma went instead. 我没去,艾玛去了。 instead of “代替;而不是”,后接名词,代词、动名词。 Emma went instead of