【课件】读后续写之语句间的连接手法 课件-2022届高三英语写作专项.pptx

读后续写之语句间常用的连接手法读后续写常见的连接手法 读后续写作为新出现的高考题型要求自然有效的使用段落间语句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，前后呼应，意义连贯。这不仅提及了语句的衔接，也对文章整体的连贯性做出了要求，使用合适的衔接手法可以保证文章意义上的连贯性，句子上的流畅性及行文的变化性。一、指代人与事 正确的使用指代可形成前后纹的照应，使得行文流畅，逻辑清晰，指代的形式多种多样，常见的指代包括指代人指代前文提及的一个事物或事件。(1)指代人人称代词：I 、you、he、she、we名词性物主代词：mine、yours、his、hers、ours、theirs反身代词：myself、yourself、herself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves。（2)指代事 使用this和that进行指代，可以指代前文或前文提及的某一信息。例1:He found out he had failed the exam.This upset him.他发现自己考砸了。这令他很难过。例2:She didnt even bother to thank me last time,and thats why I wont help her again.上次她都没有感谢我一下，这就是我不再会帮助她的原因。(3）指代人与事使用one,ones进行指代，可以指代文中提及的人物或者事物。例1:I offered him a room but he said he didnt want one.我主动提出给他一间房，但是他说他不想要。解析：one作代词表示刚提到过的事物。这句话里句末的“one”替代前面的“a room”。例2:The students who are the most successful are usually the ones who come to all the classes.成绩最好的学生往往是出全勤的那些。解析：句中the ones即上文提及的the students，这里指代上文提及的人物。二、替换同类词汇 在表述同一事物、概念时，可以使用同类词汇进行替代，这样不仅可以增加表达的多样性，也可以自然地将语篇进行有效的衔接。其中，最常见的是近义(synonymy)替换与上下义(byponymy)替换。(一)近义词替换 使用近义词替换同类词语需要注意词语的单复数问题，同时要保证替换的词语在语境中可以正确恰当地表达释义。例1:The flat at the top of the tower block was empty.It had been vacant for a long time.塔楼顶部的那间公寓是空的，已经空置了很长时间了。例2:There are many problems with the project and it is going to take significant time to deal with these difficulties.这个项目中有许多问题，而且要花大量的时间才能解决。例3:She was tired of having these strange men come to her house.She was also unhappy that her father didnt trust her judgment.她厌倦了这些陌生男人到她家里来。她也因为父亲不相信她的判断而感到不快。例4:The delicious food made his heart feel full of joy.They also filled another part of himhis stomach.这些美食让他心中满是喜悦，也让他填饱了肚子。（二）上下义替换上义词是对事物的概括性、抽象性的说明，下义词是事物的只体表现形式或对事物更为具体的说明。例如color,包含 blue、green和red，那么color是这里的上义词，而blue、green和red是这里的下义词。例1:Portia and Nerissa started to giggle.Then they laughed harder and harder.鲍西亚和尼莉莎咯咯地笑了起来。然后她们笑得越米越厉害。解析：laugh属于giggle的上义词，描述同一种动作。例2:Usually,people shout at us,insult us,treat us like thieves.Its only 10 a.m.and I havent had a single conversation without an offense.通常，人们朝我们大叫，侮辱我们，把我们当贼对待。现在才早上十点，我都还没有一次谈话是不被冒犯的。解析：使用“offense(冒犯行为)”指前句中所提及的“shout at us,insult us,treat us like thieves”等行为，形成上下义关系。三个动作层层递进，程度一步步加深，情感也随之加强，刻画出了人物所处环境之恶劣。例3:The bear could not resist the temptation of the bread.The pepper spray had slowed the animal but wasnt enough to stop it.熊无法抵御面包的诱惑。胡椒喷雾拖慢了它的步伐，但是并未能完全阻止它。解析：文中animal属于bear的上义词，指代都是同一头熊。三、关联语义逻辑为了强调句子之间的逻辑联系，语篇中可以使用连接性质的词语进行语义逻辑的关联。常见的逻辑形式转折、时空、因果、条件和让步。(一)转折常用词：however,still,though,yet,whereas,while,nevertheless,but等。例1:Hes a good boy,but he talks far too much.他是个好孩子，但就是话太多了。例2:He was a man of forty,not good-looking,and yet not ugly,for his features were rather good.他四十岁，长得不好看，但也不丑，因为他的五官还挺端正的。例3:Some of the food crops failed.However,the cotton did quite well.有些粮食作物歉收，但棉花的收成仍相当不错。(二)时空常用词：throughout,simultaneously,previously,then,next,finally,at once,meanwhile,soon,after a while,later,at this moment,hitherto,the instant,before,until then,until等。例1:Meanwhile he had never ceased to work at his art,but soon tired of the studios and being entirely by himself与此同时他从未停止自己的艺术创作，但是不久后他便厌倦了工作室，厌倦了独自一人。例2:In the evening the men from the village came to watch and later joined the dancers.晚上，村里的男人们前来观看，然后也加入了舞者们。例3：I watched from the window until I saw you come home,and then came down the stairs to meet you.我一直望着窗外，看到你回家了，我便下楼去见你。例4:She and the others had hitherto remained in the moonlight which streamed under the porch.她跟其他人一直等在月光下，月光从门廊下倾泻而下。(三)因果常用词：as,so that,thereupon,consequently,thus,because(of),as,since,due to,thanks to,as a result of,incase,seeing,in order to,so as to,on that account,on account of,owing to等。例1:Because it is an area of excellent natural beauty,the number of boats available for hire on the river is limited.因为这是一个自然风景极美的地方，所以河上可供租用的船只数量有限。例2:Theyve installed an extinguisher next to the cooker in case there is a fire.他们在炉灶旁边安装了一个灭火器，以防发生火灾时可以使用。例3:Seeing that nobody was very enthusiastic about it,they decided to cancel the trip.由于没有人有此热情，他们决定取消这次旅行。例4:Owing to the help from his teammates,he has made rapid progress.由于队友的帮助，他进步很快。(四)条件常用词：if,provided that,providing that,as long as,on the assutption that,supposing that,on condition that,unless等。例1:He gets very upset if I exclude him from anything.如果有什么事我将他排除在外，他就会非常难过。例2：Allis wel provided that the light returns and the eclipse does not degenerate into night.一切都很好，只要光明重现，只要暂时的隐没不要退化成黑夜就好了。例3:They cannot understand a disease unless they understand the person who has the disease.除非他们了解有某种疾病的人，否则他们不会了解这一疾病。(五)让步 mater what,despite等。常用词：though,although,even if,even though,though,as,yet,nevertheless,none the less,still,whatever,no matter what,despite等。例1：Although she is known to only a few,her reputation among them is very great.尽管只有几个人知道她，但是她在他们之中的名声很大。用2:Even if he has dark skin,he still needs protection from the sun.即使他皮肤黝黑，仍需要防晒。例3:Happy as we were,there was something misisng,尽管我们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。例4:Whatever decision she made I would support it无论她作出什么决定我都会支持的。例5：He found the test diffcult but nevertheless tried his best尽管他觉得试题很难，但还是尽力去做了。例 6:They seldom had foreigners visiting their small land,but nonetheless always welcomed them.虽然外地人很少来拜访这个小地方，然而他们总是欢迎来到这儿的人。练习：画出下列句子中的近义词。1.The award is more of an encouragement for intentions than a reward for achievements.2.It was a long and stormy voyage,and they made me work my passage without pay.3.The party commenced at Toms house,but from the moment it began it was clear that all was not well.4.Enthusiasm is the key to success.But using that passion to help others is the key to happiness.5.Her aim in learning ballet was not only to master dance itself.She has her own definite purpose.谢谢观看