定语从句高考考点讲解1.ppt

定语从句The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词放置于名词之放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句，修饰名词的从句关系词关系词连接作用连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分后后关系词关系词1.关系代词关系代词2.关系副词关系副词1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情况指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”whenwherewhy(主语主语/宾语宾语)(状语状语)1、_isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.（04江苏）江苏）A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As2、Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_wastrue.（01北京春季）北京春季）AheBthis CwhichDwho1)非限制性定语从句一般采用 which 或 as 来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点：（1）as 引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（2）从意义上讲，which 指前面主句的内容；而 as 指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象就象那样、正如所那样、正如所的的”。（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极消极作用，则用 which，而不用 as，考点一：关系代词考点一：关系代词:asD DC C注意thesameas/suchas的使用问题当先行词被thesame所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。如：ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：Ihavethesameopinionas/thatyouhave.Suchas与与suchthatHeissuchagoodteacher_weallloveandrespect.AthatB.asC.whoD.soB他是那样一位好老师，我们大家都热爱和尊敬他他是一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallloveandrespecthim.Heissuchagoodteacherasweallloveandrespect.1.a.Itissuchaninterestingbook_weallwanttoreadtwice.b.Itissuchaninterestingbook_weallwanttoreadittwice.Aas,asB.that,thatC.as,thatD.that,as2.Ihaveneverheardsuchstories_hetells.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whatCA考点二：分析有无先行词考点二：分析有无先行词,巧解定语从句试题巧解定语从句试题先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词,没有它的存在没有它的存在,定语从句就不能成立定语从句就不能成立。例例1:Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkis B.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkit D.Ithinkwhichis因为定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的词因为定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的词,故故B、C为错误选项为错误选项,另外关系另外关系代词应紧接在先行词后面代词应紧接在先行词后面,所以插入语所以插入语Ithink应放在关系代词后面。应放在关系代词后面。A例例2:Isthisfactory_youvisitedyesterday?A.WhichB.thatC.whereD.theone不少同学可能会将不少同学可能会将factory作为先行词而误选作为先行词而误选A或或B,其实将该句还原其实将该句还原成陈述句成陈述句Thisfactoryis_youvisitedyesterday.时时,可以清楚可以清楚地发现该定语从句缺少在从句中作宾语的先行词地发现该定语从句缺少在从句中作宾语的先行词,所以应填所以应填theone。D例例3:Thestudentsinourclassstudyharderthan_areintheirclass.A.whoB.thosewhoC.thatD.which分析语境含义及句子结构可知分析语境含义及句子结构可知,该空缺少先行词和在定语从句该空缺少先行词和在定语从句中作主语的关系代词中作主语的关系代词,所以应填所以应填thosewho。B考点三：考点三：有时先行词含义较为抽象有时先行词含义较为抽象,较难看出其属性较难看出其属性,应多加思索应多加思索并认真分析后才能正确解题。并认真分析后才能正确解题。例例1:Hesgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.where B.whichC.while D.why析:先行词situation意为“处境”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。例例2:Icanthinkofmanycases_studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldntwriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where析:manycases意为“场合”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。例例4:Inasportsteameachplayerhasaclearrole,andtherearefewoccasions_membersareconfusedoruncertainoftheirroles.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.thatB析:occasions意为“场合,时机,机会”,表抽象时间且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词when来引导定语从句。例例3:Herillnesswillnotdeveloptothepoint_nomedicinecancureher.A.where B.whichC.thatD.as析:point意为“地步”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。考点四：考点四：whose whose指物时可与指物时可与of whichof which等互换，等互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系。但应注意与冠词的位置关系。如：如：This is the bookthe cover of whichwhose coveris blue.1)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.（05天津卷）天津卷）A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what2)GeorgeOrwell,_wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.(04北京）北京）A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealnameB BD D“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题2），又能作宾语（如题1）。whose 的先行词常用来指人（如题2），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题1），这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。题1可变为：from the effects of which 考点五：关系代词和关系副词的比较考点五：关系代词和关系副词的比较1、Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_wevisitedthreemonthsago?（05北京春季）北京春季）A.where B.whenC.thatD.what2、Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_shehadwipedherhands.（04全国全国II）A.whereB.whichC.whenD.thatC CA A当先行词是表时间时间的 time,day 等和表地点的 place,house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语主语或宾语，关系词应该用 which 或或 that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或或 where。题1中的 farm 作 visited 的宾语，故选C；题2中的 trousers 作 wiped 的地点状语，故选A。考点六：考点六：介词加关系代词引导定语从句介词加关系代词引导定语从句1、Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(05江苏卷江苏卷)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich2、Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_hewentontoCambridge.（05山东卷）山东卷）A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthisC CC C题1中 the place 在定语从句中作 to be built 的地点状语，此处的 at which 相当于 where;后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。题2表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选C。介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：特别是在口语中。如：Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.2.要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句中的动要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。主句之间的关系。解题思路1。通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调。通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型。句型。4。将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。2。题干若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常。题干若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序语序3。观察设空的前前后后，确地定从句的性质，回忆相关。观察设空的前前后后，确地定从句的性质，回忆相关从句的用法特点。从中作出取舍。从句的用法特点。从中作出取舍。Correct the sentences:1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget._(去掉去掉)which_tothe oneCorrect the sentences:5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.ThosewhichhaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idontlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.inwhen_who(that/which)Correct the sentences:9.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhyheexplainedsoundsreasonable._ that_ that _whichit_Correct the sentences:13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.16.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.aswho_giveswhyCorrect the sentences:17.Itistheonlyoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently.18.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.19.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.20.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.that_hasAsthat_Correct the sentences:21.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.22.ThestudentwhosbookIhadborroweddidntcometoschooltoday.23.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.as_Whose_that_巩固练习：巩固练习：1。Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.（04天天津）津）AwhoBthatCwhatDwhich2.TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.（04全国全国I）AforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDonwhich3。Therewas_time_Ihatedtogotoschool.（04湖北）湖北）Aa;thatBa;whenCthe;thatDthe;when4.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.（04广西）广西）A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich5。Therearetwobuildings,_standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.（04湖北）湖北）AthelargerBthelargerofthemCthelargeronethatDthelargerofwhichCADDB6。Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(05广东卷广东卷)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that7。Iwalkedinourgarden,_TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.（05辽宁卷）辽宁卷）AwhichBwhen CwhereDthat8。Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_wevisitedthreemonthsago?（05北京春季）北京春季）A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what9。Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.（05浙江卷）浙江卷）AwhichBthatCthis Dit10。_Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.（05浙江卷）浙江卷）AWhenBAfterCAsDSinceACCAC