高一下主谓一致语法.ppt

主谓一致要点主谓一致要点精讲精讲 1.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 2.A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered3.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 4.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were5.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play 6._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are “一一一一致致致致”是是是是指指指指句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分之之之之间间间间或或或或词词词词语语语语之之之之间间间间在在在在性性性性、数数数数等等等等方方方方面应保持一致。面应保持一致。面应保持一致。面应保持一致。“主主主主谓谓谓谓一一一一致致致致”是是是是指指指指谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词与与与与主主主主语语语语必必必必须须须须在在在在人人人人称称称称、性性性性、数数数数上上上上保保保保持持持持一一一一致致致致，即即即即主主主主语语语语是是是是复复复复数数数数，谓谓谓谓语语语语也也也也用用用用复复复复数数数数形形形形式式式式，如如如如are,are,were,were,havehave等等等等，主主主主语语语语是是是是单单单单数数数数，谓谓谓谓语语语语要要要要用用用用单单单单数数数数形形形形式式式式，如如如如：is,was,has,worksis,was,has,works等。等。等。等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。1.1.语语语语法法法法一一一一致致致致原原原原则则则则：主主主主语语语语和和和和谓谓谓谓语语语语必必必必须须须须在在在在人人人人称称称称和和和和数数数数上上上上保保保保持持持持一一一一致致致致，即即即即主主主主语语语语为为为为单单单单数数数数形形形形式式式式，谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词用用用用单单单单数数数数形形形形式式式式；主主主主语语语语为为为为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：Sue _ studying at a very famous university.Sue _ studying at a very famous university.He _ not like listening to pop songs.He _ not like listening to pop songs.2.意义一致原则：谓语的单复数不是由主语的单复数决定的，而意义一致原则：谓语的单复数不是由主语的单复数决定的，而是以主语的意义为准，如：是以主语的意义为准，如：people、police、cattle等形单意复等形单意复的单词和的单词和news、politics等形复意单的单词。如：等形复意单的单词。如：The police _(protect)the people from being attacked.Bad news _(travel)quickly.3.就近一致原则：句子有多个并列主语，如连用等连接并列主语，就近一致原则：句子有多个并列主语，如连用等连接并列主语，谓语的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。如：谓语的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。如：Not only you but also I _ planning to go camping.Neither you not he _ is wrong.（一）谓语动词为单数的情况（一）谓语动词为单数的情况（一）谓语动词为单数的情况（一）谓语动词为单数的情况 1.由由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.比较：比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing.Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.2.Every and(every),each and(each,no and(no),many a and(many a)连连接接两两个个单单数数名名词词作作主主语语以以及及主主语语中中有有many a/an、more than one、one and a half时。时。Every desk and every chair is made of wood.Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.More than one problem has been solved.Only one and a half apples is left on the plate.3.one/every one/each/either/the number+of/in/out of+复数名词作主语。复数名词作主语。Each of the students has a book.4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.5.以以s 结结尾尾的的词词，及及表表示示学学科科、国国家家、机机构构、书书籍籍、报报刊刊等等名名称称作作主主语语。如如news、maths、politics、physics、The United States、The New York Times 6.表表示示时时间间、距距离离、金金钱钱、等等复复数数名名词词作作主主语语，表表达达一一个个整整体体概概念时及数词为中心词构成主语时。念时及数词为中心词构成主语时。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.7.由由any-,some-,no-和和-one,-thing,-body等等所所构构成成的的不不定定代代词词作主语。作主语。8.动名词、不定式、名词性从句作主语。动名词、不定式、名词性从句作主语。Collecting stamps is what he likes.Whatever was left was taken away.9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。10.a great deal of,a large amount of+不可数名词作主语不可数名词作主语（二）谓语动词为复数的情况（二）谓语动词为复数的情况（二）谓语动词为复数的情况（二）谓语动词为复数的情况 1.由由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.2.people,police,cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。等有生命的集体名词作主语。The police are looking for the missing child.3.goods,stairs,arms 等名词作主语。等名词作主语。4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。结尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.5.a number of/quantities of/a group of+名词作主语。名词作主语。6.one or two 后接复数名词时谓语动词用复数后接复数名词时谓语动词用复数（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 1.集集体体名名词词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。His family is a great one.His family are music lovers.2.means,works,pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。The steel works is near the station.Two new steel works are being built.3.“kind,“kind,sort,sort,pair,pair,type type ofof+名名名名词词词词”作作主主语语，以以这这些些名名词词本本身身的单复数而定。的单复数而定。4.“half“half/most most/some/some/enough enough/part part/the the rest rest/the the last last/lots/plenty/lots/plenty/分数、百分数分数、百分数分数、百分数分数、百分数+of +of +名词名词名词名词”作主语作主语:谓语动词要和谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。之后的名词单复数保持一致。5.单单 复复 数数 同同 形形 的的 名名 词词 作作 主主 语语，要要 根根 据据 句句 意意。如如deer/fish/sheep/cattle/aircraft/means/works/species6.“the only one+名名词词”作作定定语语从从句句的的先先行行词词时时，定定语语从从句的谓语动词用单数；句的谓语动词用单数；one of+名词用复数名词用复数7.不不定定代代词词any/either/neither/all/some等等作作主主语语时时，有有以以下两种情况：下两种情况：单单独独作作主主语语时时视视其其在在文文中中的的意意义义，动动词词可可用用单单或或复复数数形形式式。如如Now all has been changed.All are present at the meeting.either、neither单单独独作作主主语语时时，谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数；但但后后接接不不可可数数名名词词，动动词词用用单单数数；后后接接复复数数名名词词或或代代词词时时，动动词词可可以以是是单单数数，也也可可以以是是复复数数，在在正正式式文文体体中中，单单数数形形式式更更常用。常用。Does any of them know the secret?8.名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the oppressed,the wounded,the unemployed等；但少数等；但少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体，则用单数。例如：的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体，则用单数。例如：The rich are to help the poor.The wounded was a young boy.9.从句作主语从句作主语单个从句作主语通常用单数；多个从句作主语时则用复数单个从句作主语通常用单数；多个从句作主语时则用复数由由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容具有复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。的具体内容具有复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。What we need is more time and more materials.What we need are teachers.10.一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,chopsticks,scissor等。等。但如果主语用但如果主语用“a kind of/a pair of/a series of等加名等加名词词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。11.this kind of book=a book of this kind谓谓语用单数，语用单数，this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men,但但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind 和和these kind of men的谓语用复数，后跟复数名词，谓的谓语用复数，后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数语动词用复数12.由由由由or,either or,neithernor,not onlybut alsoor,either or,neithernor,not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语以及等连接的并列主语以及等连接的并列主语以及等连接的并列主语以及there bethere be句型，谓语动词常和靠句型，谓语动词常和靠句型，谓语动词常和靠句型，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。Not only he but also I am invited.Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.13.13.“with with/along along with with/together together with with/including including/but but/except except/like like/among among/as as well well as as/no no more more than than/besides/in besides/in addition addition to to/over/no/over/no less less than/more than/more than/than/rather rather thanthan +名名名名词词词词”置置于于主主语语后后，谓谓语语动动词词一一般般仍仍和和前前面面的的名名词词在在单单复复数数上保持一致。上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.14.在在算算术术运运算算的的句句式式中中，谓谓语语动动词词既既可可用用单单数数，也也可可用用复数。单数较常见。复数。单数较常见。Five plus four is/are nine.Two times five is/are ten.集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定?1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short Ais，is Bare，are C.is，are Dare，is 此题应选此题应选C C.family是一个集合名词，具有单数是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指侧重指整体整体)和复数和复数(侧重指个体侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有：词主要的有：team(队，队员队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群人群)，government(政府政府)，crew(乘务员乘务员)，committee(委员会，委员们委员会，委员们)，audience(听众听众)等：等：但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：法：1.有的集合名词总是用作单数有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数不可数)：clothing 衣服，衣服，poetry 诗歌，诗歌，baggageluggage 行李，行李，furniture家俱，家俱，machinery 机械，机械，scenery 景色，景色，jewellery珠宝等。珠宝等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数但不用复数形式形式)：people人，人，police警察，警察，cattle牲口等。牲口等。This class consists of 45 students.Mr Green teaches it 这个班这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。个学生，由格林先生教。This class are all diligent.Mr Green teaches them.这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。The team is the best in the league这这个个队队在在联联赛赛中打得最好。中打得最好。The football team are having baths足足球球队队队队员员们们在洗澡。在洗澡。谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being 此此题题应应选选B B。这这里里应应注注意意的的是是：我我们们通通常常说说的的是是主主谓谓一一致致（即即谓谓语语与与主主语语保保持持一一致致），而而不不是是表表谓谓一一致致（即即不不是是谓谓语语与与表表语语一一致致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。，本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子：注意以下类似例子：注意以下类似例子：注意以下类似例子：These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need is books The countrys leading export is watches The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致？1.You or he _ to blame你你或或他他有有一一人人要要受受责备。责备。2._ you or he to blame?受受责责备备的的是是你你还还是是他？他？Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is在在通通常常情情况况下下，两两个个并并列列主主语语由由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut（also）等等连连接接时时，其其谓谓语语通通常常与与第第二二个个主主语语（即即临临近近的的一一个个主主语语）保保持持一一致致，但但是是，在在疑疑问问句句中中则则通通常常与与第第一一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift Ais offered Bhas offered Care offered Dhave offered 用连词用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语跟有复数，但是若主语跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,together with,along with,as well as,more than,no less than,rather than等连接等连接的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。一致。1Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been2A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come3No one except my parents _ anything about this。Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known4The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading5All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed