选修七UNIT1LearningaboutLanguage.ppt

高二人教新课标版选修七高二人教新课标版选修七Unit 1 Living wellLearningaboutLanguage1 Fill in the table below.You can use the dictionary to help you.NounAdjectiveambitiousabsentsuitabilitybenefitannoynanceambitionabsencesuitablebeneficialannoyed/annoyingNounAdjectiveclumsinessfirmnessnoisepsychologyencouragingclumsyfirmnoisypsychologicalencouragement1.Howdoyoumeasurethelengthofaraceroundaracetrack?2.Howwouldyoufeelifsomeonekepttalkingwhenyouweretryingtoread?2 Answer each question by using a correct new word in this unit.lapannoyed3.Inwhatwaycanateachercheckifyouhavelearnedthenewwordsbyheart?4.Whatdoyoucallanitemwritteninadiaryorinadictionary?5.Whatkindofinstrumentdoesadoctorneedtoexaminevirusesinblood?dictationentrymicroscope6.Howdoyoudescribesomeonewhoishappytomeetnewpeople?7.Whatdoyoucallstudentsinthesameyeargroupandthesamesituationasyou?8.Whatdoyoucallthebehaviourofonestudenttoothers?outgoingfellowconduct3Completethispassageusingthewordsbelow.Therewasatimewhenchildrenwithmentaldisabilitieswerepreventedfromlivinganormallife_.Theyusedto_intheirownhomesafterbeingeducatedinspecialin many wayssitaroundadapttocutoutinotherwordsoutofbreathsitaroundinmanywaysmakefunofallinallschools.Otherpeoplesometimes_them.Butnowthingsarechanging.Therearetrainingprogrammesforyoungpeoplewithmentaldisabilities,whichhaveprovedverybeneficial.StudentslikeXieLi,mentallydisabledfrombirth,nowhaveachancetobecomeathletes.Butitisachallenge.Shehasto_trainingprogrammesaswellasmixingwithotherable-bodiedathletes.makefunofadaptto“XieLisconfidencehasgrown,”saidherfather.“Shelooksmuchbetterandisnotsooften_afterhertraining._hermotherandIareveryhappywithherprogress.”So,insteadof_mainstreamactivities,mentallydisabledstudentscanbecomepartofthemainstream._theycanleadamorefulfillinglife.In other wordsoutofbreathAllinallcuttingout不定式是动词的一种非限定形式不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成，没有人称和构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。等。Grammar:the Infinitive1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分:subjectsubjectPredicative(表语表语)4.Idonthavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.attributeattributeobjectobject8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.Adverbial(状语状语)adverbialobjectcomplement一一.不定式在句中的功能不定式在句中的功能1.作主语作主语:那样做是很幼稚的那样做是很幼稚的.Toactlikethatischildish.为避免句子出现为避免句子出现“头重脚轻头重脚轻”现象，常用现象，常用it做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。要学好英语不是那么容易的。要学好英语不是那么容易的。e.g.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.2.作宾语作宾语她喜欢谈论这件事情。她喜欢谈论这件事情。e.g.Shelovestotalkaboutthematter.他希望不久能找到工作。他希望不久能找到工作。Hehopestofindajobsoon.他答应不把这事告诉任何人。他答应不把这事告诉任何人。Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.常接不定式做宾语的动词有：常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,begin,bother,care,choose,continue,dare,decide,demand,expect,fail,hate,hope,learn,long,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,prove,refuse,want,wish等等.你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？Doyourememberwhichwaytogetthere?下一步干什么你决定了吗下一步干什么你决定了吗?Haveyoudecidedwhattodonext?我来问他怎么样开这机器。我来问他怎么样开这机器。Illaskhimhowtooperatethemachine.1)不定式有时和连接代词不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。副词构成宾语。2)有时不定式由有时不定式由whether引起。引起。Ididntknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.3)feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，补语是形容词补语是形容词(间或是名词间或是名词)，常用，常用it作形作形式宾语，把不定式后移。式宾语，把不定式后移。Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.Sheaskedmetostaythere.PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim.3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语:动词动词+宾语宾语+带带to的不定式的不定式 常带常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:ask,beg,prefer,help,promise,wish,want,expect,permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach,等等.在主动结构中在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略省略to:“五看五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)“三使三使”(make,let,have)“两听两听”(hear,listento)“一感觉一感觉”(feel)。e.g.Whomadehimworkallnightlong?Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Dontmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.ShallIhavehimcomehere?但是但是,改为被动结构后改为被动结构后,应补出省略的应补出省略的to。e.g.Hewasseentobreakthewindow.Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.4.作表语作表语不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容。不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的梦想是成为一名医生。我的梦想是成为一名医生。Hisdreamistobeadoctor.我的工作是帮助病人。我的工作是帮助病人。Myjobistohelpthepatient 5.作定语作定语不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。表示未发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudenttocometoschool.Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.Sheislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.6.作状语作状语目的状语目的状语:常用的结构常用的结构todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/suchastodo,etc.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.结果状语结果状语:常与常与only,enough或或too连用。连用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.原因状语原因状语:一般用在句尾一般用在句尾Imgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight.二二.不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由不定式的否定结构多由“not+不定式不定式”构成，构成，否定副词否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于等要置于to前。前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.她检查名字为了不犯错误。她检查名字为了不犯错误。Shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes.三三.不定式的时态：不定式的时态：1.一般时表示的动作一般时表示的动作,有时与谓语动词表示的有时与谓语动词表示的2.动作同时发生动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词表示的有时发生在谓语动词表示的3.动作之后。动作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.他似乎知道这事。他似乎知道这事。Ihopetoseeyouagain.我希望再见到你。我希望再见到你。2.完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。动作之前。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。Imsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.3.一般进行时表示的动作正在进行一般进行时表示的动作正在进行,与谓语与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。动词表示的动作同时发生。他好象正在吃什么东西。他好象正在吃什么东西。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.4.完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。至说话的时候。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。Sheissaidtohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.Practice1.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped2._onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest2.Wereplanning_apartynextweek.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.hadC A 3.-Whichdoyouprefer_yourweekends,fishingorwatchingTV?-Neither.A.SpendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend4.Didyoufindout_thepieoutoftheoven?A.WhentotakeB.totakeC.havetakenD.beingtakenB A 5._getacompletepicture,furtherinformationisneeded.A.InorderthatB.InordertoC.BeingD.Tohave6.Itsnecessary_someEnglishgrammar.A.forstudentstolearnB.forstudentslearningC.ofstudentstolearnD.ofstudentslearningB A 7.Ioughtto_himthenews,butIforgottodoso.A.remembertotellB.remembertellingC.haverememberedtotellD.haverememberedtellingC 8.I_youtheexcitingnews,butyouwerenotathome.A.meanttellingB.meanttotellingC.meanttohavingtoldD.meanttotellD Formoreexercises,clickhere.高考链接高考链接1.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.(2008全国全国I卷卷)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathing D.beingbreathedB 2.Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷北京卷)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding3.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷北京卷)A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomedA C 4._theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(2008湖南卷湖南卷)A.CompletingB.CompleteC.CompletedD.Tocomplete5.Ifthereisalotofwork_,Imhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.(2008上海卷上海卷)A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doingDA 6.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_foraspaceflight.(07江西卷江西卷)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained7.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.(07浙江卷浙江卷)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheardD A 1.Summarizetherulesofinfinitiveinyourownway.2.FinishtheexercisesofthetextbookonPage5.Homework