小学英语形容词的比较级和最高级 .pptx
第1页/共43页用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。全句或名词词组及句子的词。e.g.very,early,quickly,etc.用用 法法例例 句句作表语作表语My mother is out.作定语作定语The girl there is my friend.作状语作状语He runs fast.作宾补作宾补I found him outside.第2页/共43页用以修饰名词，表示事物的用以修饰名词，表示事物的特征特征的词。的词。e.g.long,tall,short，cheap,hungry,etc.一般来说，中文意思是“的”的词是形容词，而中文意思是“地”的词是副词。第3页/共43页形容词比较级用于两者（人或事物）之间的比较，表示其中一个比另一个“更”或“较”，后面用连词than连接另一个所比较的人或事物。例如：1.Thatrulerislongerthanthisone.2.Maryisyoungerthanme(I).“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”意思为“A比B更”第4页/共43页 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较*比较应在同类事物中进行比较应在同类事物中进行.在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.very,quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。第5页/共43页young-yonger-yongest old older-oldest tall-taller-tallest small-smaller-smallestearly-earlier-earliest thirsty-thirstier-thirstiest1.一般情况下在形容词或副词后加-er（比较级）或est（最高级）:2.以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r 或-st4.以“辅音字母y”结尾的形容词，先改“y”为“i”，再加-er 或-est.bigbigger-biggest fatfatter-fattest形容词比较级最高级规则形容词比较级最高级规则nice nicer-nicest safe safer-safest3.重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est.一第6页/共43页5.5.部分双音节词或多音节词前面加more,most.如:interesting more interesting most interestingfamous more famous most famous原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfaroldolder elderoldest eldestfartherfurtherfarthesfurthes两好、两坏、两多、一少、一老、一远.第7页/共43页Read and compare:younglongfullshortsmalloldfineeasyhungryearlyheavybigredyounger youngestlonger longestfuller fullest shorter shortestsmaller smallestolder oldest finer finesteasier easiesthungrier hungriest earlier earliestheavier heaviestbigger biggest redder reddest第8页/共43页healthymanyfamousillexcitingcarefullywethotlittlefewhealthierhealthiestmoremostmorefamousmostfamousworseworstmoreexcitingmostexcitingmorecarefullymostcarefullywetterwettesthotterhottestlessleastfewerfewest第9页/共43页词词 尾尾 变变 化化原级原级比较比较级级最高最高级级单音节词在词尾加单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级比较级)或或-est(最高级最高级)以字母以字母e接尾的词加接尾的词加-r或或-sttall hard large wide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或或estbig hot thin fat wet 以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为结尾的词变为i再加再加-er,或或-esthappy dry early narrow clever 多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加加more 和和most difficult popular slowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少数以少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节结尾的双音节词可加词可加-er或或-est第10页/共43页原级原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级比较级最高级最高级betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest巧记：特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远第11页/共43页1.原级:可用very,quite,so,too,等词修饰.e.gJimisverytall.2.比较级:可用much,many,alot,alittle,abit等修饰第12页/共43页.其主要句型有：(1)A+be+比较级+than+Be.g Mary is much younger than Sue.(2)(3)疑问句+动词+比较级,AorB?e.gWhodrawsbetter,TomorJim?(4)比较级+and+比较级，表示越来越e.gthedaysaregettingshorterandshorter.A+行为动词+副比+than+物体B.Dogsrunfasterthangoats.Hestudiesbetterthanme第13页/共43页.其主要句型有：(4)Whichlikebetter,AorB?e.gWhichdoyoulikebetter,mathsorEnglish?the+比较级,the+比较级,表示越越e.ghesays,”thebusier,thebetter.”第14页/共43页形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three,in our class等等。如：He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的。第15页/共43页1 1）A+am/are/is+the+A+am/are/is+the+形最高级 +比较范围（of+of+人/物，in+in+地方）.I am the tallest in the class.Pasta is the most delicious food of the three.2）A+行为动词+副词最高级+比较范围（of+人/物，in+地方）.Dogs run fastest in the world.He studies best of us.第16页/共43页3）.最高级:形容词的最高级要加定冠词the,副词最高级可省略the,主要句型有:the +最高级+ofinJimworkshardestofusall.Mymotheristhebusiestinmyfamilye.g4）疑问词+动词+最高级5)whichlikebest,A,BorC?第17页/共43页 构 成 方 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-er/或或-est /ist/talltallertallestfastfasterfastest以字母以字母e结尾的形容词，结尾的形容词，加加-r 或或-stnicenicernicest以重读闭音节结尾且末以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，尾只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写这个辅音字母；应先双写这个辅音字母；再加再加-es或或-estbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的结尾的词，先改词，先改“y”为为“i”,再加再加-er或或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加在词前加more或或mostbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulinterestingmore interestingmost interesting一、形容词比较等级的规则变化如下：一、形容词比较等级的规则变化如下：第18页/共43页二、不规则形容词的比较级最高级原 级比 较 级最 高 级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastill/bad/badlyworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest第19页/共43页练 习1.tall _ _ 2.nice _ _ 3.strong _ _4.old _ _5.big _ _6.thin _ _7.heavy _ _8.beautiful _ _9.good _ _tallerstrongeroldertalleststrongesoldestbiggerbiggestthinnerthinnesnicernicestheavierheaviestmore beautifulmost beautifulbetterbest第20页/共43页第21页/共43页原级的用法1.修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too.例如:1).Heistootiredtowalkon.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。2).MybrotherrunssofastthatIcantfollowhim.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他.3).Hishandwritingisverygood.他的书法很好。（一个人不作比较。）第22页/共43页表示两者的比较时用比较级。如：Liu Xiang is taller than Jim.“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”意思为“A比B更”。表示三者或三者以上中“最“时，用最高级。如：Yao Ming is the tallest of the three.“A+be+the+形容词最高级+范围”意思为“A在范围内最”。第23页/共43页三三.使用比较级和最高级的几个注意点使用比较级和最高级的几个注意点比较应在同类事物中进行比较应在同类事物中进行.避免双重比较避免双重比较.比较级和最高级前的修饰语不可误用比较级和最高级前的修饰语不可误用.最高级后的介词最高级后的介词in与与of.a.in 表示表示“在在内内(指某范围内指某范围内)”可以跟表示单可以跟表示单位位,组织组织,时间等单数名词时间等单数名词.b.of表示属性表示属性(指在同类的人指在同类的人,物中物中)后可接后可接 the+基数词基数词/the+基数词基数词+名词复数名词复数/all+the+复数名词复数名词/all形容词的最高级前要用形容词的最高级前要用the比较级前加比较级前加the.第24页/共43页LetLets s fill in the fill in the blanks,blanks,第25页/共43页二。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成：规则变化1单音节词在词尾加-er比较级，加-est最高级。原级比较级最高级brightbrighterbrightestyoungyoungeryoungestlonglongerlongest第26页/共43页2.以字母e结尾的词只加-r或-st构成比较级和最高级。nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestwhitewhiterwhitest3.重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，应先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est.bigbiggerbiggest第27页/共43页4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，先把-y变为I，再加-er-est.easyeasiereasiest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，eg.slowly-moreslowly-mostslowly；beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful第28页/共43页不规则变化:个别形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则变化，需个别记忆。e.g.good(well)betterbestbad(badly,ill)worseworstmany(much)moremostlittlelessleastfarfather/furtherfarthest/furthest第29页/共43页三.可以修饰比较级的词，much，alot，far，的多alittle，abit，一点儿even甚至，still仍然。例如，1）Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。2）Thistrainrunsmuchfasterthanthatone.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。3）Shedrivesstillmorecarefullythanherhusband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。第30页/共43页四.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。1.Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他变得越来越高了。2.Theflowersaremoreandmorebeautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。3.Hedoeshishomeworkmoreandmorecarefully.他做作业越来越认真了。“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyoullmake.你越认真犯的错误越少。第31页/共43页五.最高级用法：用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个“最”,表示这一意思时形容词要用最高级形式.最高级前一般要用定冠词the,句中一般有一个表示比较范围的介词of或in短语.提示板：of后面一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词,in后面一般接表示每一单位或场所的名词。例如：第32页/共43页1.Sheistheyoungestofthethreechildren2.OfalltheboysinourclassTomistheyoungest.我们班上所有的男生中,Tom年纪最小。3.Tomisthetallestinhisclass.Tomisthetallestofallthestudents.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。第33页/共43页副词的构成与用法和形容词相同提醒：1.句子中，副词最高级前的the可省略也可以不省略，但形容词最高级前面的the绝对不能去掉。e.g.Whoruns(the)fastest,Tom,JimorMike?2.“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示：“是中最之一”。例如，BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最大城市之一。第34页/共43页3.“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。例如，Whichcountryisthelargest，China，JapanorCanada？哪一个国家最大，中国，日本还是加拿大？4.“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。例如，Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best，spring，summerorautumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？第35页/共43页1.Tom is _(tall)than Jim.2.Li Lei is the _(young)boy in his class.3.Who is _(thin),you or Helen?Helen is.4.Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers?5Ben jumps _(high)than some of the boys in his class.6Does Nancy sing _(well)than Helen?Yes,she does.7My eyes are _(big)than hers.8Which is _(heavy),the elephant,the chickor the pig?第36页/共43页改错：1.Im than you.2.He is than me.3.Youre in our school.4.Who is ,you or me?5.She is in her family.tallyounggershortestfatthinest第37页/共43页Dosomeexercises同义句转换1.He is the tallest student in his class.He is _ _ _ _ student in his class.He is _ _ _ _ students in his class.2.Peter draws well,Lilei draws better.Lilei draws _ of the two.3.The tractor goes faster than the bike.The bike goes _ _ than the tractor.4.His cakes dearer than the twins cakes.His cake is _ _ of the three.tallerthananyothertallerthantheotherbettermoreslowlythedearest第38页/共43页选择填空1.WhichdoesJimmylike,ChineseorArt?A.wellB.bestC.betterD.much2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneofintheworld.A.thelongestriverB.longestriversC.thelongestriversD.longerrivers3.ofthetwowomenisMrsBrown.A.ThebeautifulB.ThemorebeautifulC.MorebeautifulD.Themostbeautiful4.Mymooncakeisnicerhis.A.likeB.withC.forD.than5.Youarefatterthan.A.heB.hisC.himD.heistall6.Hejumpsofthethree.A.farB.furtherC.farthestD.furthest7.Myhairislongerthan.A.mysisterB.KateC.mybrothersD.LucysCCBDACC第39页/共43页8.Therearepaperhere.Pleasebringsome.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.alittle9.Thepenisthanthatone.A.morecheapB.cheapC.muchcheaperD.quitecheaper10.TomspeaksChinesebetterthanJimmy.A.moreB.veryC.alotofD.much11.TherearegirlsinClassTwothaninClassFour.A.moreB.nicestC.mostD.best12.Itstooforyoutodothat.A.easyB.moredangerousC.harderD.theeasiest13.Whohasapplesnow,Jim,LilyorLucy?A.muchB.biggestC.betterD.themost14.Youhavemorerulersthanme.Butarenicerthan.A.mine,yoursB.mine,yourC.my,yoursD.my,your15.TingtingisthanMeimei,butMeimeiisthanTingting.A.tall,strongerB.taller,strongestC.tallest,strongD.taller,strongerACDAADAD第40页/共43页16.Motherisinmyfamily.A.busyB.busierC.thebusiestD.morebusy17.ThereareintheparkonSunday.A.morechildrenB.alotofpeopleC.muchmenandwomenD.manypeoples18.Thedumplingsarethanthenoodles,Ithink.A.morenicerB.muchdeliciousC.veryniceD.muchmoredelicious19.Sheisthanmeatdrawings.A.betterB.bestC.goodD.harder20.-Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.-Willyoupleaseshowmeaone?A.smallB.smallerC.thesmallestD.smallestCBDAB第41页/共43页改错1.Lesson 9 is more easier than Lesson 10.2.My mother is younger than your.3.He is one of longest boys in his class.4.The boy doesnt draw much well.5.Betty is the youngest on the three girls.6.Tom runs faster than any other girls in his class.7.There is fewer bread in the fridge.8.Mother is the busiest of my family.9.Jim is shorter of the two boys.10.You can jump very higher on the moon than on the earth.yoursthelongestveryoflessintheshortermuchgirl第42页/共43页谢谢您的观看！第43页/共43页
