雅思阅读进阶策略.docx

雅思阅读进阶策略 精品阶段的学生通常具有高校英语CET4 及以上水平，这个阶段的学生往往具备肯定的应试实力，也有相应的自信念，但通常距离自己的目标分数还有肯定的距离，相当一部分学生的英语学习状态进入瓶颈阶段，不知道接下来该怎么努力。本文中，将就解决这一问题的策略进行探讨，并期盼抛砖引玉，与学生和老师们共同研讨。 雅思阅读进阶策略 一、关于有效阅读 人们阅读时往往停留在刚起先学习阅读时的状态，所学得的技巧是如何读“词”，了解词义对于理解文章是必需的，但是不够的。要想进行更有效地阅读，还必需实行另一个层次的阅读方式，即阅读文章的内容和结构，这是由于雅思阅读考试的考核目标除了对文章细微环节的理解实力以外，还有对文章综合大意的把握实力，换言之，考察学生阅读文章的方式和理解文章的实力。因此，考生不能仅满意于词汇的知晓，还应留意培育阅读时从大处着眼，高屋建瓴，从文章结构来加强对整体大意理解的实力。 二、了解文章结构 了解文章结构对提高阅读效率特别必要，但实力不够强的考生达到这个目标还须要多加练习。 在剑桥雅思系列文章中，有一种试验类文章常常会在真题中出现。例如剑V系列的Test 1中的Passage 2, Nature or Nurture, 该文选自Paradigms Lost, 在讲解并描述此次试验的过程中，一步步展示出文章结构，文章写作思路相当清楚，遵循了话题引入 介绍试验宗旨 / 目的 试验操作 预料结果 公布结果 探讨/分析 展望 / 提出新的课题 的线索，假如考生能够体会到这样的结构，无疑会使应对后面的问题变得轻松。不仅推断题的信息所在位置变得明确，而且对于考生普遍畏惧的段落标题配对题也会提升正确率。 事实上不仅试验类文章如此，其他如说明类，争论类都有内在的规律可以遵循，只要考生擅长思索，勤于练习，就肯定会有收获。 三、概括句子大意 备考雅思的学生肯定会对阅读文章中出现的长难句留有深刻的印象。由于文章是建立在专业基础上针对非专业学生的阅读，所以其学术化，句子偏长也就在所难免了。然而考试时间紧，题目多，压力大，对于长难句若没有解决策略，将使考生感觉雪上加霜。 那么，如何提高对于长难句的理解实力呢? 练习让长难句减肥，抽取主干成分的有效信息来概括句子大意是行之有效的方法之一。 通常可以将位于句子不同位置的修饰成分去掉，一般为定语，状语，补语以及插入语等，而保留主干成分的主语，谓语，宾语结构，以简化句子结构，利于理解。但是需留意，要联系上下文，若不能通顺，则要将原来句子中的一些修饰成分逐一补回，说明其中的某些修饰成分如定语，状语是语义表达的核心。 假如在操作过程中出现了对句子成分的模糊或不理解，要尽快补足语法上的欠缺，主要是句子成分方面的学问点。 四、识别文章类型 阅读真题中出现频率较高的三种文章类型分别为描述型，阐释缘由型以及论述结果型。考生要训练自己在阅读中辨别所读文章属于哪种类型，以更好地了解作者的写作意图，利于解题。 雅思阅读材料大集合：学校能擅自给孩子吃药吗? Should schools give children medicine without parental permission? 未经家长允许，学校能给孩子吃药吗? That's the question that has been reverberating in parental circles across China after news emerged that a string of kindergartens were allegedly dispensing antiviral drugs without parents' consent. 这个问题最近在中国的家长圈子里激起层层涟漪，导火索是中国多所幼儿园被指在未获得家长允许的状况下向儿童分发抗病毒药物。 China's official Xinhua News Agency reported that four kindergarten programs-two in Xian in western Shaanxi province, one in central Hubei and another in northeastern Jilin-have been shut due to the problem, with some parents saying their children were suffering from leg pains, nosebleeds and genital inflammation after taking the medicine. 据中国官方媒体新华社报道，四所幼儿园因相关问题被关闭，其中两所位于中国西部 西省西安市、一所位于华中的湖北省，还有一所在东北的吉林省，一些家长说，他们的孩子在服药后出现腿痛、流鼻血、生殖器肿胀等症状。 Authorities are investigating the matter, and three people in Jilin have been detained in connection with the allegations, Xinhua said. Five others from schools in Xian have also been detained, Xinhua said. 新华社说，有关当局正在调查此事，吉林已有三人被拘捕。新华社说，西安幼儿园也有五人被拘捕。 The issue came to light Friday, after one parent in Xian found her daughter had brought home a prescription flu pill. Other cases came to light as the news spread. 这起事务在上周五曝光，当时西安一名家长发觉女儿将一片处方感冒药带回了家。随着消息扩散，其他事例也被曝光。 Xinhua says that money appears to be a motivating factor. Some parents believe the schools were trying to ward off sickness to ensure students didn't take sick days, it said. Many private kindergartens and preschools in China charge by the number of days students attend school, so fewer sick days equals more money for the teachers. 新华社报道说，驱使幼儿园这样做的缘由好像是金钱。报道称，一些家长认为，幼儿园的目的是防止孩子生病缺勤。中国很多幼儿园都是按孩子入园的天数收费，因此削减病假缺勤天数就意味着老师能有更多收入。 Others have cited the fact that there is no law prohibiting the practice as a contributing factor. 还有人认为，没有法律明文禁止这种行为也是造成这一结果的因素之一。 'Although their actions were wrong, there is no ban based on law. In other words, it's not illegal for an immoral kindergarten to give children unauthorized medications,' Li Jing, the deputy head of Beijing's private Sunny High Scope Kindergarten told the China Daily. 北京私立的阳光高瞻国际幼儿园老师李静对中国日报说，虽然他们的行为不对，但法律没有明文禁止;换句话说，不道德的幼儿园未经允许就给孩子吃药并不违法。 The drugs given to students are cheap, just a few cents per pill, said Justin Wang, a partner and director in the Shanghai office of consultancy L.E.K. Consulting LLC, and economic incentives were likely high enough to convince teachers to take the risk. 询问公司L.E.K. Consulting LLC上海办事处合伙人兼主管王景烨(Justin Wang)说，幼儿园给孩子吃的药很便宜，一片才几分钱，而经济刺激可能足够高，让老师情愿冒这个险。 Parents of school-age children say schools in China typically require parental consent before administering medication. However, health practices in China's education system vary drastically from the U.S. Some Chinese schools get parental consent to conduct health checks that involve procedures like blood and urine tests; school health checks in the U.S. are often limited to screenings for eyesight, lice and scoliosis. 学龄儿童的家长说，学校在组织用药前通常会征求家长同意。但中国教化系统的卫生保健做法与美国迥异。一些中国学校会在征得家长同意后进行涉及血液和尿液检测的体检，而美国的学校体检通常仅限于视力、虱子和脊柱侧弯的筛查。 Many parents in China say schools frequently inform them when their children are sick and before performing health checks. Still, schools usually provide only scant information, said Elaine Wang, a mother of two children in local Beijing schools. 许多中国家长说，在孩子生病时和接受体检前，学校常常会通知他们。有两个孩子在北京当地上学的Elaine Wang说，但学校通常只供应有限的信息。 'They inform you that there will be a health screening, but they don't say what happens during those screenings,' Ms. Wang said. Wang说，他们会通知你孩子须要体检，但不会告知你体检过程中详细会发生什么。 雅思阅读材料大集合：男士美容保养 LAST NOVEMBER, my female co-workers at The Wall Street Journal discovered that the sole product I used on my face was soap. Their reaction to this mundane revelation wasn't all that nice. They began calling me 'the man who doesn't moisturize.' As in, 'Would you ask the man who doesn't moisturize if I can borrow his stapler?' 去年11月，我在华尔街日报(The Wall Street Journal)的女同事发觉了我用在脸上的唯一产品是香皂。对于这个平淡无奇的发觉，她们的反应并不那么友好。她们起先叫我“不用保湿霜的男人”。比如她们会说，“你能问问那个不用保湿霜的男人，我能借他的订书机用一下吗?” One of our style editors took pity. 'You've never moisturized?' she asked gently. 'I don't remember,' I admitted. Judging by her expression, she graciously decided to assume I had amnesia. 'Well, we'll have to do something about that,' she said. And so began my eye-opening, skin-altering, brain-addling, four-month adventure in the world of male beauty regimens. 我们的一个时尚编辑表示怜悯。她轻声问道：“你从没做过保湿吗?”我承认：“我不记得了。”从表情来看，她优雅地断定我有健忘症。她说：“好吧，我们得做点儿什么。”于是我起先了历时四个月在男士美容世界里大开眼界和洗心革面的脑补探险旅程。 First, a little background. It isn't that I am unaware of the guy-beauty industrial complex. I know, for instance, that Clinique basically started it all with its pioneering men's skin-care line in 1976-a program it's relaunching this month. According to Jenny Belknap, vice president of global treatment marketing, the relaunch was triggered by the company's discovery that, while women traditionally bought the men's products for their husbands and sons, 'we firmly understand that now men are buying for themselves.' To make the line more male-friendly and less boggling, Clinique is cutting back from 25 products to 19 and shortening product names. Not that men seem all that intimidated by skin care: According to Mintel, a Chicago-based market research group, 63% of guys 25-34 report that they use moisturizer. 首先介绍一点背景。我并非不知道男士美容的产业联盟。比如我知道倩碧(Clinique)基本上是靠它1976年首创的男士护肤系列发展起来的本月又即将重新推出。其全球护肤业务营销副总裁珍妮贝尔纳普(Jenny Belknap)表示，这次重新推出是因为公司发觉，虽然过去都是女性为丈夫和儿子购买男士产品，但“我们坚信，现在男士们都是自己购买”。为了让这个系列对男性更加友好而且更简单让人接受，倩碧把产品数量从25件减到了19件，并且缩短了产品的名字。并不是全部男士都对护肤感到畏惧：据芝加哥市场探讨机构英敏特(Mintel)调查，25岁至34岁的男士中，有63%的人称自己运用保湿霜。 Though I am legitimately hazy regarding my own historic moistness levels, I did go through an exceptionally vain phase in my mid-to-late 20s, a couple of decades ago. I had a Manhattan stylist renowned as the 'King of Blondes' highlight my hair, whose natural color suggests a particularly lackluster mouse. I visited a Mexican spa where a bored local woman rolled me in seaweed as if fashioning a giant joint. I spent wads of money on stress-relieving massages, including one that concluded abruptly when the theretofore silent, aged Asian masseur stopped kneading my right shoulder and shrieked, 'The wing is broken! The wing is broken! It cannot carry the child!' 尽管我对自己脸部的湿度状况始终不清不楚，但几十年前，在我25到30岁之间那几年，我的确经验过花时间 饬的阶段。当时被誉为“金发之王”(King of Blondes)的一位曼哈顿造型师给我做了头发挑染，我本身的自然发色就像一只毫无生气的老鼠。我去了一家墨西哥水疗中心，一个百无聊赖的当地女人用海草把我卷起来，就像卷一支巨大的大麻烟。我花了大把钱在缓解压力的按摩上，包括那次遇见一个上了年纪的亚洲男按摩师。他静默揉捏着我的右肩，突然停下来尖叫道：“翅膀断了!翅膀断了!它没法带幼仔了!”那次按摩就意外结束了。 I remember at one point growing convinced that my boss was monitoring my under-eye puffiness, but, soon after, I regained my equilibrium. My grooming routine was gradually reduced to: unscented Dove soap, Barbasol shaving foam, interchangeable drugstore shampoos and some despised hair gel that made me feel like one of those oil-coated ducks blinking in the aftermath of the E_on Valdez disaster. 我记得有段时间我坚信老板在视察我浮肿的眼袋，但不久后我重新找到了平衡。我的日常梳洗用品渐渐缩减成：无香型多芬(Dove)香皂，Barbasol剃须泡沫，各个牌子的超市洗发水，还有被人鄙视的发胶，这款发胶让我觉得自己是埃克森?瓦尔迪兹号(E_on Valdez)漏油事务发生后，满身油光闪闪的鸭群里的一员。 So, naturally, I was wary when the aforementioned style editor dumped a box of skin-care and grooming product samples on my desk: 'We'll start with these,' she said. 'You'll use four products at night and eight in the morning.' I nervously mentioned that I didn't live in an alternate universe where mornings last 107 hours. 'Just get up earlier,' she said. 所以很自然的，在上文中提到的时尚编辑把一盒护肤和梳洗产品小样扔到我桌上时，我特别谨慎。她说：“我们先从这些起先。晚上你要用四种产品，早晨用八种。”我惊慌地提到我并不是生活在早晨有107小时的另一个宇宙。她说：“那就起早点。” In the shower the next day, I washed my hair with my new Davines Love Smoothing Shampoo, a pricey Italian product designed to rehabilitate messed-up hair, and immediately felt like some dapper Milanese guy who eats oddly shaped pizzas and whose apartment is full of strange, half-size appliances. Next, I used Clark's Botanicals Face Wash (a soothing, mild, herbal goop) and shaved my face with what appeared to be pink icing, but was really a premium rose-scented cream from the storied British company Geo. F. Trumper. Next came a spray toner, an antiaging serum and the pivotal moisturizer (mine came from the Jack Black brand). Then I did a few jumping jacks to maintain my stamina and applied an age-combatting smidge of La Mer Eye Concentrate under each peeper using the complementary wand. (Wands? Arguably manly in wake of Harry Potter phenomenon? Discuss.) 其次天早晨洗澡时，我用新的Davines Love Smoothing洗发水洗了头发，这是一款价格昂贵的意大利产品，特地修复受损头发。洗了以后我立即觉得自己像是一个衣冠楚楚的米兰人，吃着奇形怪状的披萨，公寓里全是惊奇的小型家电。接着我用Clark's植物洁面乳(一种舒缓温柔的草药黏液)洗脸， 然后用一种看似像粉色糖霜但事实上来自知名英国公司Geo. F. Trumper的高级玫瑰香剃须膏刮胡子。接下来是爽肤水喷雾和抗苍老乳液，还有关键的保湿霜(我用的牌子是Jack Black)。接着我做了几组开合跳保持活力，然后用附送的魔法棒在每只眼睛的下眼睑涂了点 La Mer抗苍老眼霜精华。(魔法棒?哈利?波特(Harry Potter)现象后应当算是男子气的装备了吧?可以探讨一下。) Finally, I groomed my hair with Baxter of California Soft Water Pomade, which gave my hair the texture of a mink pelt, but was still a bit greasy for my taste. 最终，我在头发上抹了点Baxter of California软水发膏，让我的头发有了光华毛皮的质地，但对我来说还是有点油。 I walked to the subway feeling fresh and tingly and evangelical about the value of taking time to value oneself. I also felt a little like Patrick Bateman, the murderous skin care devotee from 'American Psycho,' but was too busy caressing my curiously soft face to brood on that. Upon reaching the subway 15 minutes later, I realized that, in my heady self-absorption, I'd forgotten my wallet. I felt less evangelical running home again. 我走到地铁站，觉得很清爽，对于花时间珍惜自己的价值也感到很兴奋。我还觉得自己有点像帕特里克?贝特曼(Patrick Bateman)，就是美国精神病人(American Psycho)里热衷护肤的杀人狂，但我忙着摩挲我那异样松软的脸，无暇去思索这些。15分钟后到达地铁站时，我意识到，自我沉醉让我遗忘了拿钱包。再折回家时我的热忱就没那么高涨了。 By day three, the tingliness had given way to a burning sensation around my jaw. Was this my choice: To feel youthful but on fire versus old and content? The culprit turned out to be the rose shaving cream, which the style editor replaced with Proraso Shaving Foam for 'pelli sensibili' (sensitive skin). After carefully testing this amazing product, I can honestly tell you that it's fun to say 'pelli sensibili' repeatedly in a heavy Italian accent. 到第三天，那种兴奋感消逝了，取而代之的是下巴四周的灼烧感。我须要做出选择：是觉得年轻但有刺痛感还是觉得老而满意?罪魁祸首原来是那支玫瑰剃须膏，时尚编辑把它换成了敏感肌肤(pelli sensibili)适用的Proraso剃须膏。当心翼翼地对这款不行思议的产品进行试用后，我可以醇厚告知你，用浓重的意大利腔调重复说“pelli sensibili”很有意思。 And so it went. As I continued my regimen, either my skin improved visibly or my colleagues formed a vast conspiracy that required them to gush about my face. I asked non-coworker friends if they noticed anything different about me, but they were stumped and resistant to broad hints. Still I could swear that, in a certain group photo taken at a steakhouse about seven weeks into my program, I look like a cast member of a teen drama on the CW Network: weirdly lineless, buoyant, possibly a vampire. 于是我接着用这些东西。随着护肤的持续，要么我的皮肤有了明显改善，要么就是我的同事串通好了对我的脸进行争论。我问非同事的挚友有没有留意到我有什么异样，但他们都很犯难，不情愿给出提示。不过我仍旧可以断定，护肤安排进行七周左右，在某家牛排餐厅所拍的某张合照里，我看起来确定像是哥伦比亚及华纳兄弟联合电视网(CW network)某部青春偶像剧里的演员：皱纹稀奇的少，光彩照人，像极了吸血鬼。 By week 12, long after my co-workers had acclimatized to the undocumented miracle that was my face, I was bored by my regimen's demands and losing my motivation. I decided to tempt fate by subbing out my original, conventional moisturizer for Clinique's new Oil-Control Mattifying Moisturizer. Life so seldom offers opportunities to be 'mattified' that it seemed worth the risk. But, although the product left my skin powder-dry and Botox-taut, I was still feeling restless. 到第12周，在同事们早就习惯我脸上潜移默化的奇迹后，我对护肤安排的要求产生了厌倦，失去了动力。我确定冒险把倩碧新型控油保湿霜换成原来的传统保湿霜。生活供应“被控油”的机会太少了，所以我好像值得冒这个险。不过，虽然这款产品让我的皮肤干爽紧绷，但我仍旧觉得担心。 The style editor decided we needed to seriously up the ante and helped me book a facial with celebrity youthifier Tracie Martyn, who's rejuvenated Brad Pitt, Alan Rickman and Madonna. When I arrived at Ms. Martyn's Fifth Avenue penthouse studio, I was taken aback by the estrogen-y décor, which is entirely lavender and white with gauzy curtains that should properly be billowing in a strong breeze. A Borzoi would not be out of place. I was told that I'd been squeezed in between Diane von Furstenberg and a businessman who'd just run a marathon. 时尚编辑认为我们须要下更大的血本，她帮我预定了明星焕肤专家特蕾西?马丁(Tracie Martyn)的面部护理。马丁为布拉德?皮特(Brad Pitt)、艾伦?里克曼(Alan Rickman)和麦当娜(Madonna)做过青春焕肤。到达马丁在第五大道的顶层公寓工作室时，我因为其充溢女性气质的装潢而吃了一惊，里面全是淡紫色和白色，薄纱窗 在微风袭来时应当会摇曳生姿。再养一只波索犬(Borzoi)也不会显得突兀。我得知自己被支配在黛安?冯?芙丝汀宝(Diane von Furstenberg)和一位刚跑过马拉松的商人之间。 'About 20% of my clientele is male,' Ms. Martyn, a hypnotically placid Brit, told me once she had me on her table. As she applied potions with darting little swipes, tightened my jawline with a tool that emits electricity, and exposed me to red light that she said once healed astronaut wounds, she mentioned a male 60-something lawyer who visits her every week. She started cooing excitedly as my face responded-brilliantly, it seemed-to the electricity: 'Oh, it's looking very good.' 马丁是一个异样平和的英国人。我一躺上化妆台就听她告知我说：“约有20%的客户是男性。” 她快速地给我擦上药水，用释放电流的一个工具紧实我的下巴轮廓，然后让我照耀她声称曾经用于修复宇航员伤口的红光。她提到一位60多岁、每周都来的男律师。随着我的脸对电流有了反应看上去很亮泽她起先兴奋地嚷道：“噢，看起来特别棒。” Back at the office, I stared at my face in the