如何做用所给词的适当形式填空.doc

如何做用所给词的适当形式填空第 - 13 - 页用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一，旨在考察学生的英语根底知识与综合运用英语的能力。解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤：1.明确所给词的词性 2.弄清所给句子的意思 3.确定空白处所需的词性 用所给词的适当形式填空主要考察以下词类：一. 对名词的考察(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规那么变化)一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如：desk desks , key keys , monkey monkeys , boy boys等以-x,-s,-ch ,-sh ,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-es。例如：fox foxes , boss bosses , bus buses, class classes, dress dresses, witness witnesses, address addresses, beach beaches, coach coaches , couch couches ,inch inches ,sandwich sandwiches , church churches ,watch watches ,match matches ,speech speeches ,witch witches ,dish dishes ,brush brushes ,goldfish goldfish, fish fishes , toothbrush toothbrushes等。以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-s的有：zoo zoos, radio radios, photo photos, piano pianos, kilo kilos, mango mangos, bamboo bamboos, kangaroo kangaroos。加-es的有：tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes, dodo dodoes/s,hero heroes。以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变y为i，再加-es。例如：family families, lady ladies, baby babies , copy copies, body bodies, century centuries, diary diaries, dictionary dictionaries, factory factories, library libraries, battery batteries, documentary documentaries, buddy buddies, ability abilities, country countries, butterfly butterflies, enemy enemies, memory memories, balcony balconies, laboratory laboratories, beauty beauties, charity charities, comedy comedies, industry industries, quality qualities, reply replies, difficulty difficulties, theory theories, mystery mysteries, hobby hobbies,story stories, city cities, laundry laundries, activity activities等。以f或 fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变f或 fe为v，再加-es。例如：half halves, knife knives, wife wives, leaf leaves, shelf shelves, herself themselves, scarf scarfs / scarves, wolf wolves等。考例1：2005年镇江市 Look! There are some _ (bird) flying in the sky.分析：所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知，应填名词的复数形式，bird的复数形式是birds，因此应填birds.考例2：2005年泰州市 Your present is in one of the _. Can you guess (box)分析：所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式，根据习惯表达 “one of the +可数名词复数可知，应填名词的复数形式，box的复数形式是boxes，因此应填boxes。考例3：2004年淮安市 Newspaper reports say that some more _ (country) have become E.U.(欧盟)members this year.分析：所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式，因此应填countries。考例4：2003年济南市 The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of Algeria. Many people lost their _. (life)分析：所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，life的复数形式为lives，因此应填lives。(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规那么变化)foot feet, tooth teeth, child children, man men, woman women, policeman policemen, policewoman policewomen, Frenchman Frenchmen, snowman snowmen, businessman businessmen, Englishman Englishmen, gentleman gentlemen, salesman salesmen, mouse mice/mouses(鼠标),sheep sheep, Chinese Chinese, Japanese Japanese, fish fish等。考例1：2004年无锡市 Its good for us to brush our _ (tooth) after meals.分析：所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，而tooth的复数形式是不规那么的，为teeth，因此应填teeth。考例1：2005年泰州市 Chocolate is usually _ favorite food. (child)分析：所给的词child是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意“巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物可知，所填的词在句中作定语，应用复数名词的所有格作定语，child的复数形式的所有格为childrens，因此应填childrens。考例2：2005年淮安市 Tomorrow is _ (father) Day. What will you do for your dad分析：所给的词father是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，“父亲节为Fathers Day,因此应填Fathers。注意：母亲节为Mothers Day,妇女节为Womens Day,儿童节为Childrens Day,教师节为Teachers Day。名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况：(1).名词+y 形容词 例如：rain rainy, wind windy, cloud cloudy,sun sunny, snow snowy, fog foggy, mist misty, health healthy, luck lucky, unluck unlucky, noise noisy ,fun funny, thirst thirsty等。(2).名词+ful形容词 例如：care careful, thank thankful, help helpful, use useful, wonder wonderful, color colorful, pain painful, success successful等。(3).名词+n形容词 例如：America American, Russia Russian, India Indian, Australia Australian, Canada Canadian, Italy Italian等。(4).名词+ ern形容词 例如：east eastern, west western, north northern, south southern等。(5).名词 +ous形容词 例如:danger dangerous, fame famous等。注意：friend friendly, wool woolen, difference different, difficulty difficult, importance important, pride proud, person personal, safety safe, confidence confident等。考例1：2005年镇江市 What a _ (rain) day! We have to stay at home.分析：所给的词rain在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作定语，修饰day，应用形容词，rain的形容词为rainy，因此应填rainy。 考例2：2005年徐州市 Too much homework is really _ (pain) to students.分析：所给的词pain为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作表语，应用形容词，pain的形容词为 painful，即应填painful。success successfully, care carefully, care carelessly,health healthily, noise noisily等。考例：2005年泰州市 They played so _ that they lost the football match. (care)分析：所给的词care在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作状语，修饰played，应用副词，care的副词为carefully,即应填carefully。二对数词的考察基数词变为序数词时,一般情况下在基数词之后加-th。例如：four fourth但是，特殊的基数词变为序数词可用以下口诀来帮助记忆：一、二、三单独记，八去t,九去e,五与十二记仔细，f来把ve替，ty变成 tie，后面再加th。即：one first, two second, three third, eight eighth, nine ninth, five fifth, twelve twelfth, twenty twentieth, thirty thirtieth, forty fortieth, fifty fiftieth, sixty sixtieth, seventy seventieth, eighty eightieth, ninety ninetieth等。考例1：2005年镇江市 The _ (eight) lesson is not so easy as the ninth lesson, I think.分析：所给的词eight为基数词,根据习惯表达“第八课应用序数词，eight的序数词为 eighth,即应填eighth。 考例2：2005年扬州市We will have the _ celebration for the return of Hong Kong. (nine)分析：(略)应填ninth。考例3：2005年泰州市The students from America live on the _ floor. (nine)分析：(略)应填ninth。考例4：2005年徐州市Liu Xiang got the _ (one) in his competition of the 2004Olympic Games.分析：(略)应填first。2. 考察分数词 考例：2005年淮安市 Two _ (three) of the boys in my class are in the school football team.分析：所给的词three是基数词，根据句意可知，此题是考察分数词的表达，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词应用复数形式，因此应用three的序数词third的复数形式thirds,即应填thirds。三对代词的考察中考中不常出现。 考例：2005年宿迁市 Yesterday I was doing some shopping in the supermarket when I met a friend of _ (my).分析：所给的词my为形容词性物主代词，根据句意可知，应用名词性物主代词作介词of的宾语，即应填my的名词性物主代词 mine。考例1：2005年泰州市The clever girl could teach _ English when she was ten. (she)分析：所给的词she为人称代词主格，根据习惯表达teach oneself sth.可知，应用自身代词作宾语，即应填she的自身代词herself。考例2：2005年常州市 Thanks to space satellites, the world _ (it) is becoming a much smaller place.分析：所给的词it为人称代词，根据句意可知，应用自身代词作主语的同位语，即应填it 的自身代词itself。4. 考察人称代词转换成物主代词考例1：2005年镇江市 My schoolbag is different from _ (he). Mine is newer.分析：所给的词he为人称代词主格，根据句意可知，应用名词性物主代词作介词from的宾语，即应填his。考例2：2005年扬州市 Our way of learning English is a lot better than _. (they)分析：(略)应填theirs。考例3：2005年淮安市_ (we) city, Huaian ,is Zhou Enlans hometown. We are proud of him.分析：(略)应填Our。考例4：2005年徐州市 This is my dictionary. Where is _ (you)分析：(略)应填yours。四对形容词的考察(1).形容词比拟级/最高级的规那么变化一般单音节的形容词在词尾加-er/-est 例如：black blacker / est, bright brighter / est此外还有：cheap, clear, clean, clever, cold, cool, dear, dark, deep, fast, few, full, great, green, hard, high, kind, light, long, low, near, new, old, poor ,quick, quiet, rich, short, slow, small, steep, strong, sweet, tall, thick, yellow, young, warm, weak等。以字母e结尾的形容词，只须在词尾加-r/-st。例如：blue bluer/st, large larger/st 此外还有：able, huge, late, nice, fine, free, white, wide, simple, safe, strange, polite, purple等。以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er /-est。例如：big bigger /est, fat fatter /est 此外还有：dim, red, thin, sad, wet, hot, glad等。以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，再加-er/-est。例如：angry angrier/ est, easy easier /est此外还有：busy, happy, heavy, empty, noisy, lucky, hungry, dirty, early, ready, sunny, windy, lazy, tidy, healthy, rainy, snowy, dry, unhappy, unlucky, pretty等。多音节形容词与局部双音节形容词以及由分词转化来的形容词，须在词前加more/most。例如：beautiful more/most beautiful, tired more/most tired此外还有：careful, interesting, difficult, different, dangerous, expensive, famous, important, interested, helpful, modern, useful, wonderful, worried, amazing, boring, serious等。有些形容词的比拟级与最高级的构成，既可以在词为加-er/ est，又可以在词前加more/most。例如：clever, common, polite, quiet, peasant, simple等。(2).形容词比拟级/最高级的不规那么变化bad worse worst good better best much/many more most little less least考例1：2005年镇江市 Our team was much _ (strong) than theirs. We won the game at last.分析：所给的词strong为形容词，根据句意可知，应用形容词的比拟级，即应填strong 的比拟级stronger。考例2：2005年扬州市 The more exercise you take, the _ youll be. (health)分析：(略)应填healthier。考例3：2005年泰州市 Houses in some cities now are much _ than before. (expensive)分析：(略)应填more expensive。形容词+ly副词 bad badly, bright brightly, certain certainly, careful carefully, careless carelessly, clear clearly, clean cleanly, loud loudly, polite politely, quick quickly, quiet quietly, real really, sad sadly, safe safelyslow slowly, strong strongly, usual usually, wide widely, angry angrily, heavy heavily, easy easily, happy happily, silent silently, lucky luckily, sudden suddenly, busy busily，exact exactly, neat neatly, noisy noisily, successful successfully, terrible terribly, true truly等。注意：early early, fast fast, good well等。考例：2005年扬州市Be careful, or you wont work out the physics problem _.(easy)分析：所给的词easy为形容词，根据句意可知，应用副词修饰动词work out，因此应填easy的副词 easily。参见“名词转换为形容词注意：ill illness foreign foreigner high height true truth 考例：2005年南京市When he saw the boy was in danger, Edison rushed out and carried him to _ (safe).分析：所给的词safe为形容词，根据句意可知，应用名词作介词to的宾语，即应填safe的名词 safety。五对副词的考察(1).副词比拟级/最高级的规那么变化一般单音节的副词在词尾加-er/-est 例如：fast faster/ est, hard harder /est, long longer /est, loud louder/ est, high higher/ est, soon sonner/ est注意：early earlier /est多音节副词与局部双音节副词，须在词前加more/most。例如：angrily more/most angrily 此外还有：quietly, quickly, sadly, slowly, widely, suddenly, happily, politely, clearly, often, carefully, carelessly, luckily等。(2).副词比拟级/最高级的不规那么变化well better best, badly worse worst, far fartherfurther/farthestfurthest考例：2005年南京市 Mike and I started to learn painting at the same time, but now he can paint much _ (good) than I.分析：所给的词good为形容词，根据句意可知，应用副词的比拟级，即应填good的副词 well的比拟better。中考中不常出现。六对动词的考察动词转换成名词常见的有：(1).动词+er名词 work worker, teach teacher, keep keeper, paint painter, sell seller, speak speaker, wait waiter, clean cleaner, play player, surf surfer, sing singer, own owner等。(2).动词+r名词 manage manager, write writer, dancedancer, dive diver ，strike striker等。注意：run runner, swim swimmer, travel traveler, win winner, rob robber, cook cook等。(3). 动词+or名词 visit visitor, invent inventor(4). 动词+(t)ion名词invent invention, operate operation, discuss discussion, pollute pollution,(5). 动词+ing名词park parking, mean meaning,surf surfing, train training, shop shopping, meet meeting, turn turning, cross crossing, begin beginning, build building, clean cleaning, draw drawing, paint painting, swim swimming, wash washing等。注意：rob robbery, please pleasure, die death, think thought, know knowledge, appear appearance, disappear disappearance, dry drought, fly flight等。考例1：2005年南京市Some foreign _(visit) from England came to our school last week.分析：所给的visit为动词，根据句意可知，应用名词作主语，即应填visit的名词复数 visitors.考例2：2005年镇江市 Paul is the best basketball _ (play) on school team.分析：(略)应填player。考例3：2005年徐州市 We feel sorry that Chen Yifei, a famous _ (paint), died when he was fifty-nine.分析：(略)应填painter。考例4：2005年淮安市 Every child has a dream. My life dream is to be a pop _ (sing).分析：(略)应填singer。2.考察动词转换成形容词动词转换成形容词一般都是转换成其相应的形容词化的过去分词或现在分词：(1).动词+ing形容词 interest interesting, surprise surprising, excite exciting, miss missing, relax relaxing, amaze amazing, move moving, follow following等。(2).动词+(e)d形容词 close closed, hurry hurried, worry worried, crowd crowded, please pleased, interest interested, surprise surprised, frighten frightened, use used, break broken等。注意：please pleasant, enjoy enjoyable, fill full, die dead, sleep asleep, wake awake, forget forgetful, open open等。考例1：2005年扬州市No matter how long Yin Xuemei has been _, her spirit of protecting students from danger will always live on. (die)分析：所给的die为动词，根据句意可知，应用形容词作表语，即应填die的形容词 dead。考例2：2005年泰州市You may be _ if you are in trouble and have no one to help you. (worry)分析：(略)应填worried。考例3：2005年宿迁市I think English is very useful. Are you _ (interest) in it分析：所给的interest为动词，根据习惯表达be interested in可知，应填interest的形容词 interested。考例4：2005年淮安市After the study trip, Sally became _ (interest) in the culture of China.分析：(略)应填interested。考例5：2005年徐州市Lily told us a _ (surprise) piece of news.分析：所给的surprise为动词，其形容词为surprising与 surprised两种形式，前者在句中一般作定语或表语，说明人或事物的特性；后者在句中一般作表语，说明人对其他人或事物的感觉。根据句意可知，应填surprising。考例6：2005年徐州市His sister sings well. She has a _ (please) voice.分析：(略)应填pleasant。