四级 听力技巧.pptx

大学英语教学大纲对四级听力的具体要求是：能听懂英语讲课，并能听懂题材熟悉、句子结构比较简单、基本上无生词、语速为每分钟130150个单词的简短会话、谈话、报道或讲座，掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度。听力试题一遍可以听懂，理解的准确率应不低于70。第1页/共45页1 对话对话 对话部分考查的重点有：对话部分考查的重点有：1）地点地点 根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是四六级英语听力测试中常所提事件发生的地点是四六级英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。地点题一般有以见的也是比较重要的一个题型。地点题一般有以下几种：下几种：(1)根据根据信息词信息词设题设题(2)借助对话中提到的借助对话中提到的多个地点多个地点设题设题 第2页/共45页(1)根据信息词设题W:Dear,I feel hungry now.How about you?M:So do I.Let me call room service.Hello,room service.Please send a menu to 320 right away.Q:Where are the two speakers?A.In a hotel.B.At a dinner table.C.In the street.D.At the mans house.该题通过 hungry 和 menu 来迷惑同学们，引导大家选择 B，其实，本题所借助的信息词是 room service 和 320 这个房间号，答案是 A。第3页/共45页(2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题 有时对话中提到的地点不只一个，这时，一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。这种情况下，同学们不必考虑信息词问题，只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。如：M:I did not see our boss yesterday.Has he come back?W:He was just back from France besides visiting Britain，Germany，and Spain.Q:Which country did the boss visit first?A.France B.Britain C.Germany D.Spain 四个地点都是访问过的地点，要求同学们能够分清先后。答案为 B。第4页/共45页 M:Will Mr.Smith come to the party at the weekend?W:Hell be supposed to，but he wont be back from his trip until the next week.Q:Where will Mr.Smith be on Saturday?A.At the party B.At home C.Still on his trip D.Back from his trip.本题是将地点与时间连在一起，要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间，答案为 C。第5页/共45页2）职业、身份 根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是四六级听力测试中又一常见题型。该题型的题项设计有两种：(1)说话者自身的身份或职业(2)说话双方之间的关系 第6页/共45页(1)说话者自身的身份或职业说话者自身的身份或职业 根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：W:Good evening,Professor David.My name is Susan Gray.Im with the local newspaper.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?M:Not at all.Go ahead,please.Q:What is Susan Gray.A.A writer.B.A teacher.C.A reporter.D.A student.由由 local newspaper 可以判断说话者是位记者，可以判断说话者是位记者，在采访。在采访。第7页/共45页(2)说话双方之间的关系 该题型是上一题型的延伸，要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份，问题经常是 Whats the relationship between the two speakers?M:Sorry to trouble you.But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket?I feel cold.W:I think weve got one.Could you wait until after take-off please?Q:What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?第8页/共45页A.A guest and a receptionist.B.A passenger and an air hostess.C.A customer and a shop assistant.D.A guest and a waitress.take-off 一词的使用说明女的是空姐，答案自然是 B。可以看出，职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样是信息词。当然，要判断双方的关系，还可以从说话的方式入手。第9页/共45页如：M:Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr.Brown.W:Certainly sir.As soon as I make the final corrections on the original.Q:Whats the relationship between the two speakers?A.Boss and secretary.B.Lawyer and client.C Teacher and student.D.Nurse and patient.两人间说话的语气和方式表明是 老板与秘书 的关系。第10页/共45页为此，同学们有必要了解与各种职业和地点行业有关的信息词汇，如：饭店:menu,order,waitress,waiter,take order,go Dutch,Its my treat 等；旅馆:check in/out,make a reservation,register,reception desk 等；医院:physician,doctor,nurse,operation-room,emergency room,visiting hours,prescribe,pill 等；银行：open an account,withdraw,deposit,saving,cash a check 等；飞机/机场：flight,safety-belt,boarding card,captain,airhostess,airline,take off,land,crash 等。第11页/共45页3）计算题 计算题在四六级英语听力中属于比较难的题型，要求同学们不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念，还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算。如：M:Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano.Does he attend any piano classes?W:Yes,he takes lessons twice a week,but from next week on,he will go to the class on Saturday evenings,too.第12页/共45页Q:How often will the womans son have piano lessons from next week on?A.Once a week.B.Twice a week.C.Three times a week.D.Four times a week.两次加一次自然是三次，答案是两次加一次自然是三次，答案是 C。第13页/共45页W:Heres a 10-dollar bill.Give me two tickets for tonights show please.M:Sure.Two tickets and here is$1,40 change.Q:How much does one ticket cost?A.$1.40.B.$4.30.C.$6.40.D.$8.60 10 美元，两张票，找零 1.40 美元，说明每张票为 4.30 美元。从以上例子可以看出，含有数量概念的题，对话中提到的数量一般不可能为正确答案，总要同学们进行一些简单的加减运算。第14页/共45页4）言外之意、弦外之音 推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型。从试题的设计特点来看，大体有一下几种：(1)对虚拟语气的考查 (2)对建议的考查 (3)对话题的考查 (4)同义表达方式的考查 (5)上下义概念的考查 第15页/共45页(1)对虚拟语气的考查对虚拟语气的考查 包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有 是不非是不非 相对的选项，这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意相对的选项，这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能，根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如：功能，根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如：W:Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit.Do you think its worth seeing?M:Well,I wish I had been there.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?A.The man is planning a trip to Austin.B.The man has not been to Austin before.C.The man doesnt like Austin.D.The man has been to Austin before.I wish I had been there.说明说话人没有去过。说明说话人没有去过。第16页/共45页(2)对建议的考查对建议的考查 建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式，根据建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式，根据建议选择正确选项。如：建议选择正确选项。如：W:The movie starts in 5 minutes and theres bound to be a long time.M:Why dont we come back for the next show?Im sure it would be less crowded.Q:What is the man suggesting?A.Coming back for a later show.B.Waiting in a queue.C.Coming back in five minutes.D.Not going to the movie today.Why dont?上一种建议表达方式，根据该句所上一种建议表达方式，根据该句所表达的内容可以判断答案是表达的内容可以判断答案是 A。第17页/共45页W:We do need another bookshelf in this room.But t he problem is the space for it.M:How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen？Q:What does the man suggest they should do?A.Finding a larger room.B.Sell the old table.C.Buy two bookshelves.D.Rearrange some furniture.根据 moving the dining table to the kitchen 来判断答案为 D。建议的表达方式还有：Why not?What do you think of?If I were you/If I were in your shoes,I would Shall we?I suggest.Youd better/You ought to.第18页/共45页(3)对话题的考查 话题指会话双方所谈论的话题，要求同学们具有概括能力。如：W:Do you want a day course or an evening course?M:Well,it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.Q:What are they talking about?A.The choice of courses.B.A day course.C.An evening course.D.Their work.两个人谈论的是选白天的课还是晚上的课，由此可以判断答案应该是 A。第19页/共45页(4)同义表达方式的考查 四六级听力测试中对隐含意思的考查很大程度上依赖于同义表达方式，也就是同学们对具体句式、短语、词组甚至单词的理解。如：M:What do you think of Professor Browns lecture?W:The topic was interesting,but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected.Q:What does the woman say about the lecture?A.It was a long lecture,but easy to understand.B.It was not as easy as she had expected.C.It was as difficult as she had expected.D.It was interesting and easy to follow.与 much more difficult to follow than I had expected 同义的应该是 B。第20页/共45页 (5)上下义概念的考查 有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类，但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。如：M:Let me see.Ive printed my family name,first name,date of birth and address.Anything else?W:No,thats all right.Well fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom.Q:What has the man been doing?A.Having an interview.B.Filling out a form.C.Talking with a friend.D.Asking for information.上义词为概括性词语，下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项 B。第21页/共45页解题技巧 根据对话听力的设题特点，我认为在解答对话听力理解题时同学们应注意以下几点：1）提前阅读选项，判断问题所属，从而集中精力于有关信息。2）注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业等。第22页/共45页3）注意加减运算，听到的不是答案 在涉及时间、距离、金钱等数量概念的听力中，一般都要求同学们进行加减方面的运算，很少是听到什么就是什么。有时，计算可能会麻烦些，同学们可以先将听到的时间等记下，等有时间再计算。在计算题中应特别注意以下数字的读音差别：13-30 14-40 15-50 16-60 17-70 18-80 19-90 第23页/共45页4）注意记笔记，将人物、地点、时间等对号入座 听力测试中的另外一种现象就是，四个选项中的人物、地点、时间或事件等在对话中可能都有提及。在这种情况下，同学们所需要的不是寻找信息词，而是注意将四个选项与对话中提及的信息对号入座。如：W:Do you enjoy life in Washington?M:Yes,indeed.Im planning to move to New York or Boston.Anyway,Ive never regretted my earlier decision.Q:Where does the man live now?A.In New York.B.In Boston C.In Newport D.In Washington 四个地点对话中提到了三个，具体是哪一个，同学们在听的时候应注意分辨。第24页/共45页M:Id like to make two reservations on Flight 651 for June 8th.W:Im sorry,were booked up on the 8th.But we still have a few seats available on June 9th.Q:When does the man want to leave?A.On the 6th of June.B.On the 8th of June.C.On the 9th of June.D.On the 19th of June 如果地点不含职业性的对比，一般就很可能属于这里所介绍的类型，那么同学们所做的就是分别。第25页/共45页5)从语法入手、从短语含义入手，判断隐含之意 在四六级听力中常考查到的语法是建议和虚拟语气。要求同学们判断建议是什么，虚拟中含义是什么。就建议而言，同学们只需注意建议的各种表达方式，就可解答这类听力题；至于虚拟语气，我想同学们可以记住这样一条规律：与所听到的相反的就是答案。第26页/共45页6）同意 是解 一般情况下，如果四个选项中有一个表示 同意 的概念，那么，此选项就是正确选项。如：W:Its a wonderful film,isnt it?M:You can say that again.Q:What does the man mean?A.He agrees with the woman.B.He didnt hear what the woman said.C.He is surprised by her opinion.D.He thinks she should look at it again.第27页/共45页 M:This is the longest assignment weve had all semester.W:Youre telling me.Well be lucky if we can do half of it.Q:What does the woman say about the assignment?A.She has done half of it already.B.She agrees that it is very long.C.They have all semester to do it.D.Theres nothing wrong with it.第28页/共45页请同学们注意以下表示同意对方观点的常用语。如果听到这些，就可以选择含有“同意”的选项：You said it.You can say that again.You are telling me.You may/might well say so.Ill say.I couldnt agree more.第29页/共45页8)含义比较绝对、过于极端的选项一般不对。一般说来，含有too（太）anything,everything等含义比较绝对的选项是不对的。例如：A)She takes it as a kind of exercise.B)She wants to save money.C)She loves doing anything that is new.D)Her office isnt very far.其中，C选项含义比较绝对，除非有很大把握，一般不能作为正确选项。第30页/共45页 2 短文 该部分共有短文三篇，设 10 个小题，重要考查两方面的内容：1）对主题的判断(1)提问的方式 主题题通常以下列方式提问：What is the main idea/topic of this passage?What does the passage mainly discuss?What can we learn from the passage?What is the passage mainly about?第31页/共45页解题技巧 对于这类题，同学们在听的时候应特别注意文章的首句和尾句，首句一般开篇点名主题，而尾句则总结全文，根据这两句进行推断一般可以确定文章的主题。第32页/共45页2）对具体事实的判断(1)提问的方式 对细节的提问通常以 wh-question 的方式出现，主要针对文章的有关人物、事件、地点、时间、原因、目的、数据等。第33页/共45页 Whats the chief duty of every government?A.To protect persons and property.B.To collect taxes.C.To teach and train citizens.D.To save natural resources for future use.How did the government raise money in the past?A.By selling services that make life comfortable.B.By selling land containing oil.C.By selling public lands.D.By selling coal and other natural products.第34页/共45页(2)选项特点 这种细节判断题以辨认题居多。有可能几个选项在文章中都有所提及，但只要同学们仔细听，注意分别，就能从原文中找到出处。如 99 年 6 月的考题，第题可以在文章找到 The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property，这同样也是第二段的主题句，是整段要说明的内容。第题也能从文章找到 Years ago the government made money from the sale of public lands.一句为佐证。第35页/共45页3 复合式听写 试题分布 复合式听写共有短文一篇，设 10 个小题。1-7 题要求用原词填写，8-10 只是补全信息，不必用原词。第36页/共45页题眼设计 1)1-7 题设计规律 所填单词以实词为主。7 个单词以评价性词汇为主，也就是说可以从上下文找到说明的信息。In police work,you can never predict the next crime or problem.No working day is identical to any other,so there is no（1）_ day for a police officer.既然没有一天是相同的，也就没有哪一天是 典型的 。根据这种因果说明可以判断所填单词为 typical。第37页/共45页 表示信息复现的词汇为题眼 有些词语即使听不清楚同样可以填出。如 98 年 1 月的复合式听写。文章的第一段介绍了 Michael 如何 5 岁上高中，10 岁上大学，11 岁攻读硕士学位。第二段开始一个转折，介绍他的这种 成功 也来之不易。所填单词为上义词复现，对上文的总结，自然应该是 success。(But Michaels _ hasnt always come easy.第38页/共45页 表示信息同现的词汇为题眼 复合式听写所填词汇一部分是同现词汇，如 One day,for example,I was working undercover;that is,I was on the job,but I was wearing（6）_ clothes,not my police（7）_.通常情况下警察所穿的应该是 制服 ，即 uniform，这样，uniform,wear 就构成的同现关系。根据（6）（7）的对照同现关系，可以判断（6）所表示的应该是 便装 ，这也正式对上文 working undercover 的解释。第39页/共45页 对文章叙述逻辑的考查 叙述逻辑即上下文的因果、转折、递进、解释等关系。如果同学们能看出这些关系，则不用听就可以将所缺单词填上。But Michaels(success)hasnt always come easy.(5)_ his intelligence,he still lacks important life(6)_.In one class,he had to struggle to understand(7)_ novels,because,he says,Im 11.Ive never been in love before.由上下文个逻辑关系可以判断（5）应该填 Despite，即虽然他很聪慧，但却缺乏很重要的生活。后面在课上所发生的事情是说明他缺乏（）的一个例证。例证本身不仅说明了（6）应该填 experiences，同时也说明（7）应该填 love。第40页/共45页2）8-10 题设计规律 8-10 基本上是三句话，从句子内容来看，大体有两种情况。用于说明主题的细节 这部分听写一般是段落的主题已经给出，要求同学们补全支撑细节。如 98 年考题：Another challenge was his size.(8)_.紧接着的一句显然是用来说明 Another challenge was his size.的，原句是 high school physical education was difficult,because all of the equipment was too big for the then five-year-old student.第41页/共45页97 年的 8-10 题也是如此，所描述的是用来说明警察工作危险的细节。请看原文：Sometimes,its dangerous.One day,for example,I was working undercover,.I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street.Suddenly,(8)_.Another policeman arrived,and together,we arrested three of the men;but the other four ran away.Another day,I helped a woman who was going to have a baby.(9)_.I put her in my police car to get her there faster.I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car.But fortunately,(10)_.第42页/共45页 概括性的结论或主题 主题与结论做为文章的重点之笔应该是听力理解的重点，也应该是复合式听力所应包含的东西。第43页/共45页解题技巧:根据上面所谈的复合式听写的特点，我建议在做复合式听写时最好做到一下几点：注意话题知识的运用。文章的话题规定了用词范围，根据话题判断单词 有注意明确词汇。利用词汇的同现和复现关系。根据上下文推测词汇的运用。在做 8-10 题时在不能将原句完全记下的情况下,将关键词记下来,然后根 据关系词，结合文章叙述的逻辑，重新编写句子。第44页/共45页谢谢您的观看！第45页/共45页