专四语法复习：主谓一致.ppt

专四语法复习：主谓一致专四语法复习：主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致Teaching Objectives：1.了解主谓一致的内涵及意义了解主谓一致的内涵及意义2.熟练掌握主谓一致的原则、种类熟练掌握主谓一致的原则、种类及应用及应用主谓一致Teaching Contents 定义定义三原则三原则种类种类真题解析真题解析练习练习Agreement(主谓一致）主谓一致）一一.主谓一致的定义：主谓一致的定义：谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。二二.主谓一致的三原则主谓一致的三原则:语法一致原则语法一致原则意义意义/内容一致原则内容一致原则就近原则就近原则1.语法一致原则语法一致原则:主语是单数主语是单数,谓语动词谓语动词用单数形式用单数形式,主语是复数，谓语动词主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。用复数形式。例如：例如：Every coin has two sides.My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.2.意义一致原则：主语和谓语的一致不意义一致原则：主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义来决定。主语所表达的意义来决定。例如：The class are busy writing English passages.The United States is a developed country which has advanced science and technology.3.就近原则就近原则.谓语动词的单谓语动词的单 复数取决于最复数取决于最近它的主语。由近它的主语。由eitheror,neithernor,not only but also由由here或或 there等连接引导的句子，谓语动等连接引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则。词遵循这一原则。Eg:Neither my friends nor I was able to persuade him to accept our advice.I.语法一致原则语法一致原则真题：真题：1.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important 1.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.part in daily communication.is playing is playing have playedhave playedare playing are playing playplayABCD提交单选题单选题1 1分分2.A library with five thousand books_ to the 2.A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.nation as a gift.is offeredis offeredhas offeredhas offeredare offeredare offeredhave offeredhave offeredABCD提交单选题1分3.All but one _ here just now.3.All but one _ here just now.is iswaswaswerewerehas beenhas beenABCD提交单选题1分1.1 语法一致原则语法一致原则w1.1 如果主语是单数，后面跟有如果主语是单数，后面跟有with,along with,together with,as well as,more than,no less than,rather than,like,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的短语，谓语动词仍旧是单数形等引导的短语，谓语动词仍旧是单数形式式.wEg:是杰克而不是他的同学要受到责备。wJack,rather than his classmates,is to blame.1.2 语法一致原则语法一致原则The poet and the writer has/have?come.Each boy and each girl wants/want?to go to the cinema.The League secretary and monitor _ asked to The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.make a speech at the meeting.is iswaswasarearewerewereABCD提交单选题1分The growth of part-time and flexible working The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns,and of training and retraining schemes,patterns,and of training and retraining schemes,_ more women to take advantage of _ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.employment opportunities.have allowedhave allowedallowallowallowing allowing allows allows ABCD提交单选题1分1.2 语法一致原则语法一致原则1.2 由and 连接的并列主语，如果表示的是同一个人，事或物体的时候，谓语用单数，否则用复数。但当用and 连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。Eg:法律秩序对持不同政见的人来说意味着不同的东西。Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.1.3 语法一致原则语法一致原则 1.3不定式和动名词短语以及从句不定式和动名词短语以及从句做主语做主语。为人民服务就是我最大的幸福。涨工资极大的提高了员工的士气。我们什么时候去郊游已经决定了。To serve the people is my great happiness.Increasing wages has raised the crews morale.When well go out for an outing has been decided.1.3 语法一致原则语法一致原则注意：关系代词what引导的从句作主语视情况而定。我需要的是一个平静的生活。我需要的只是些安眠药。What I need is a peaceful life.What I need are some sleeping pills.1.4 语法一致原则语法一致原则1.4 成对的名词trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时：鞋子穿起来很舒服（wear）。桌上有一双鞋子。The shoes wear quite smooth.A pair of shoes was on the desk.1.5 语法一致原则语法一致原则1.5 百分数百分数/分数分数+名词名词 作主语时作主语时:这个工厂百分之二十的工人是女性。这个工厂百分之二十的工人是女性。地球表面超过百分之七十为水覆盖。地球表面超过百分之七十为水覆盖。在场三分之二的人都反对这个提议。在场三分之二的人都反对这个提议。Twenty percent of the workers in the factory are women.Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.Two-thirds of the people present are against the proposal.1.6 语法一致原则语法一致原则1.6 One of 和和 the only one of This is one of the most interesting stories that has/have?been told.她是这些女孩中唯一一个愿意参加补考她是这些女孩中唯一一个愿意参加补考的学生。的学生。She is the only one of those girls who is willing to take a make-up exam.1.7 语法一致原则语法一致原则1.7 如果主语有如果主语有more than one或或many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍遵循语法一致原则。如：它的谓语动词仍遵循语法一致原则。如：例句：听了他的演讲之后，许多学生都很例句：听了他的演讲之后，许多学生都很受鼓舞。受鼓舞。Many a/more than one student is encouraged after hearing his speech.II.内容一致原则内容一致原则 2.1 不定代词不定代词all,none,some,any,either,neither作主语时：作主语时：EG：闪闪发光物并非皆黄金。：闪闪发光物并非皆黄金。All that glitters is not gold.两只鞋都不合脚。两只鞋都不合脚。Neither shoe fits comfortably.2.2内容一致原则内容一致原则2.2 all of,some of,none of,half of,most of.lots of,plenty of 等非确定数量等非确定数量+名词名词 作主语作主语时：时：大部分苹果都烂掉了。大部分苹果都烂掉了。这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃掉了。这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃掉了。Most of the apples were rotten.Most of the apple was rotten by a rat.2.3 内容一致原则内容一致原则2.3 the+形容词/分词 作主语:病人已经被救治，失踪的已经被找到。美的并不总是好的。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The beautiful is not always the good.The departed/deceased was a well-known engineer.2.4 内容一致原则内容一致原则2.4 集体名词作主语时，如army,audience,committee,community,company,council,crew,enemy,family,government,group,jury,navy,public,staff,team,etc.)A special committee has/have?been set up.The committee has/have?discussed the problem.2.5 内容一致原则内容一致原则2.5 形复意单的名词如；news;以ics结尾的学科/疾病名称 作主语时：有消息传来他考试再次失利了.News/tidings has come that he failed in the examination again.麻疹是一种传染病。Measles is an infectious disease.2.6 内容一致原则内容一致原则2.6 the/a number of+名词作主语：真题：真题：The number of people invited _ fifty,but a The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.number of them _ absent for different reasons.were;was were;was was;waswas;waswas;were was;were were;werewere;wereABCD提交单选题1分2.7 内容一致原则内容一致原则2.7 由由and 连接的成对名词习惯上被当做一连接的成对名词习惯上被当做一个整体，如个整体，如bread and butter,knife and fork.威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜爱的饮料。威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜爱的饮料。Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.Brown bread and butter is usually eaten with smoked salmon.2.8 内容一致原则内容一致原则2.8 表示时间，金钱，距离，度量等词作主语:真题：真题：The last half of the nineteenth century _ the steady improvement in the means of travel.have witnessedwas witnessedwitnessed is witnessedABCD提交单选题1分2.8 内容一致原则内容一致原则那时一百米对刘翔来说是太远的一段距离。100 meters was too long a distance for Liuxiang at that time.知識 專業 創新 熱情 活力III.就近原则就近原则3.1 here,there,where 引导的倒装句和存在句引导的倒装句和存在句中中你不在时你妻子和孩子待在哪里呢？有好多种书供你选择。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?There are a variety of books for you to choose.注意：存在句型there be 的变体There appear/seem to be several reasons for changing the plan.知識 專業 創新 熱情 活力III.就近原则就近原则3.2 用连词or，eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also等连接的并列主语要么是他要么是你拿了我的笔记本。Either he or you have taken my notebook.真题：真题：知識 專業 創新 熱情 活力Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.having one examination after another.isareambeABCD提交单选题1分知識 專業 創新 熱情 活力其他1.书名、电影名或格言等专有名词做主语书名、电影名或格言等专有名词做主语NoPains,NoGainsisawidelyquotedproverb.Gone with the Wind is an American epic historical romance film.真题：真题：1.On the wall_ two large portraits.hangshangshang hang hanged hanged hanging hanging ABCD提交单选题1分2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army 2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”the company commander said.advances,”the company commander said.keepkeepskepthave keptABCD提交单选题1分3.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.areiswerehasABCD提交单选题1分4.Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve 4.Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve people in all.people in all.isarebeingwasABCD提交单选题1分5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.know know knows knows have known have known is known is known ABCD提交单选题1分6.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.is not decidedis not decidedare not decidedare not decidedhas not decided has not decided have not decidedhave not decidedABCD提交单选题1分主谓一致知识体系：Summary 语法一致：7意义一致：8就近一致：2Homework1.Finish the following quiz on Subject and Predicate Agreement.2.Print it out and bring it to class next week.结束结束