医学专业英语词汇构成第讲.ppt

医学专业英语词汇构成第讲 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望ExampleMicroscopeCT MRIHIVAIDSSARSCONCEPTMedical terminology is a special vocabulary used by health care professionals for effective and accurate communication.based mainly on Greek Latin 盎格鲁-撒克逊语Dyspepsia,EupepsiaAbdomen,In vitro,In vivo心心 cardia cor heart 肠肠 enteron intestine bowelFeatures Administer,foreign body,complain,laborGene,clone,yin,yang,aspirin Brain death,HFMD,scar tissue-itis,arthritis,hepatitis,gastritisA.c.(ante cibum),B.i.d(bis in die),BP,ARDS,COPD,SARS,TCMAdams apple,venereal diseasePee or urine?Word elementsWord elements Word root Combining form Suffix PrefixHow you combine these elements and whether all or some of them are present in a medical word determine the meaning of a word.Root Root is the fundamental unit of each medical wordA word root is the main part or foundation of a word;all medical words have at least one word root.teacher,teaches,teaching teach speaker,speaks,speaking speakA word root may be used alone or combined with other elements to form another word with a different meaning.alcohol alcoholism(condition marked by impaired control over alcohol use)sperm spermicide(agent that kills sperm)thyroid thyroidectomy(excision of the thyroid gland)Root as a Complete WordRoot as a Part of a WordCombining FormsA combining form(CF)is created when a word root is combined with a vowel.This vowel is usually an o.The vowel has no meaning of its own,but enables two word elements to be linked.Chem -therapy dermat -logy Encephal -graphy Neur -logy Therm -meter SuffixRooto+vowel+Combining FormsA combining vowel is used to link a root to another root to form a compound word.gastr/o/enter/itis leuk/o/cyt/o/penia electr/o/cardi/o/gramsuffixA suffix is a short word part or series of parts added at the end of a root to modify its meaninggastritisgastr-itis-icgastricgastrology-ologyThree Rules of Word Building Rule 1:A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.Rule 2:A combining form(root+o)links a suffix that begins with a consonant.Rule 3:A combining form(root+o)links a root to another root to form a compound word.Rule 1:A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.leuk -emia Cephal -algia gastr -itis append -ectomy Word Root Suffix terms leukemiacephalalgiagastritis appendectomy Rule 2:A combining form(root+o)links a suffix that begins with a consonant.Gastr -scope men -rrhea angi -rrhexisUreter -lith Word Root Suffix terms gastr/o/scopemen/o/rrheaangi/o/rrhexisureter/o/lithRule 3:A combining form(root+o)links a root to another root to form a compound word.gastr/o/enter/itis leuk/o/cyt/o/penia electr/o/cardi/o/gramExercisescarcin _ -oma=carcinoma+aden-_ =adenocarcinomaCardi _-gram=cardiogram+electrocardiogramElectr-_=Prefix A prefix is a word element located at the beginning of a word which added before a root to modify its meaning.Substituting one prefix for another prefix changes the meaning of the word.A prefix usually indicates a number,time,position,or negation.macro/cyte -a large cellMicro/cyte -a small cellPost/natal behind/after birthpre/natal before birthperi/card/itis Inflammation of the pericardium hypo-pref.在下(的);hypodermic皮下的.2)低；次；亚;hypotensioo低血压.super-pref.上;a superstructure上层建筑.超;supersonic超声速的.过分;superfluous过多的.homo-与名词构成名词同，相同;homograph同形异义词.homology相同关系.与形容词构成形容词同的；相同的;homocentric同中心的.homosexual同性恋爱的.Word elementsPrefix RootSuffix Prefix RootSuffix wordEndo-+card+-itisDefining Medical WordsWhen defining a medical word,first define the suffix.Second,define the beginning of the word;finally,define the middle of the word.Here is an example using the term osteoarthritis.oste/o/arthr/itis (2)(3)(1)1.-itis means inflammation.2.oste/o means bone.3.arthr means joint.Therefore,oste/o/arthr/itis is an inflammation of the bone and joint.gastr/o/enter/itis1.-itis means inflammation.2.gastr/o means stomach.3.enter means intestine.inflammation of somach and intestine