句子成分高一基础课件.ppt

句子成分高一基础课件 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望大家的问题1.各成分定义，位置，如何区分，举例。2.定语从句的诸多问题 句子的基本结构(五种)SV主语主语谓语谓语(vi.)Hearrived.句子结构SVO主语主语谓语谓语(vt.)宾语宾语LindaunderstandsFrench.SVOO主语主语谓语谓语间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语Hetoldusthewholestory.SLP主语主语连系动词连系动词表语表语Tomsfatherisaprofessor.SVC主语主语谓语谓语主补主补Hediedapoorman.SVOC主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾补宾补HefoundGeorgeintelligent.一、句子成分一、句子成分（一）（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。部分叫做句子成分。句子的主要成分句子的主要成分句子的次要成分句子的次要成分主语主语谓语谓语表语表语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语补足语补足语同位语同位语（二）（二）主语：主语：主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于一般位于句首句首。注意注意:但在但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：。例如：找找主语，看看是什么词充当的？1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.名词名词countrymusic做主语做主语2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.代词代词we做主语做主语3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.数词数词one-third做主语做主语4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.不定式不定式toswim做主语做主语5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.动名词动名词smoking做主语做主语6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.名词化的形容词名词化的形容词therich做主语做主语7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.主语从句主语从句WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtest做主语做主语8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式（三）（三）谓语：谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后之后。谓语的构成如下：。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：如：1.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.practice做谓语做谓语2、复合谓语：复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。构成。如：如：1.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.maykeep做谓语做谓语2.Hehascaughtabadcold.hascaught做谓语做谓语（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.arestudents做谓语做谓语（四）（四）表语：表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般它一般位于系动词（如位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后等）之后。表语一表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示从句表示。找找表语，看看是什么词充当的例如：例如：1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.名词名词American做表语做表语2.Isityours?代词代词yours做表语做表语3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.形容词形容词cold做表语做表语4.Thespeechisexciting.分词分词exciting做表语做表语5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?数词数词twentyone做表语做表语6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.不定式不定式toteachEnglish做表语做表语7.Hishobby（爱好）（爱好）isplayingfootball.动名词动名词playingfootball做表语做表语8.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.介词短语介词短语outoforder做表语做表语9.Timeisup.副词副词up做表语做表语10.Theclassisover.副词副词over做表语做表语11.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.表语从句做表语表语从句做表语（五）（五）宾语：宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于位于及物动词和介词后面及物动词和介词后面。例如：。例如：1.Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）（展览）yesterday.名词名词exhibition做宾语做宾语2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.代词代词me做宾语做宾语3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.数词数词five做宾语做宾语4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.名词化形容词名词化形容词theold做宾语做宾语5.Hepretendednottoseeme.不定式短语不定式短语nottoseeme做宾语做宾语6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.动名词短语动名词短语listeningtopopularmusic做做宾语宾语7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.宾语从句（宾语从句（that）heisfitforhisoffice做做宾语宾语宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）直接宾语）例如：例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please（2）复合宾语（宾语复合宾语（宾语+宾补）宾补）例如：例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）（六）宾语补足语：宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个宾语以外，英语中有些及物动词，除有一个宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如些及物动词（如make等等+宾语宾语+宾补）。宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：例如：1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.名词名词Dongming做宾补做宾补2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.形容词形容词white做宾补做宾补3.Letthefreshairin.副词副词in做宾补做宾补4.Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.不定式短语不定式短语tolendhismoneytoyou做宾补做宾补5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.现在分词现在分词enteringtheroom做宾补做宾补6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.介词短语介词短语ingoodorder做宾补做宾补7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.从句从句whatyourcityisnow做宾补做宾补（七）（七）定语：定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语语。定语可由以下等成分表示：。定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.形容词形容词beautiful做定语做定语2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.分词分词developing,developed做定语做定语3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.名词名词women做定语做定语4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.代词代词his做定语做定语5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.不定式短语不定式短语toentertheclassroom做定语做定语6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.动名词动名词teaching做定语做定语7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.介词短语介词短语abouthowtolearnEnglish做定做定语语（八）（八）状语：状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.副词及副词性词组副词及副词性词组mostquickly做状语做状语2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.介词短语介词短语fortenyears做状语做状语3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.不定式短语不定式短语tohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination做状语做状语4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.分词短语分词短语makingamodelplane5.Waitaminute.名词名词aminute做状语做状语6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.状语从句状语从句Onceyoubegin做状语做状语状语种类如下状语种类如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?atsix时间状语时间状语2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.becauseoftherain原因状语原因状语3.Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.ifitdoesntrain条件状语条件状语4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.onthethirdfloor地点状语地点状语5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.withgreatcare方式状语方式状语6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.withadictionaryinherhand伴随状语伴随状语7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers目的状语目的状语8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.thathefellasleepimmediately结果状语结果状语9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.thoughsheisold让步状语让步状语10.Iamtallerthanheis.thanheis比较状语比较状语练习一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.