欧洲文化入门(七)培训讲学.ppt

欧洲文化入门(七)Romanticism(literature)nThe term“romantic”originally means“romancelike”resembling the fanciful character of medieval romances.Origin nBy the late 18th century in France and Germany,literary taste began to turn from classical and neoclassical conventions to Romanticism.ntwo great forerunners:nRousseaunGoethe-Storm&Stress Storm and Stress Movement狂飙运动狂飙运动 nStrong GermanynAgricultural and economic reformsnEducational system improvementnThe ruler encourage the development of art and science(Salon).Classicism古典主义古典主义 nClassicism in the arts,refers generally to a high regard for classical works,as setting standards for taste which the classicists seeks to follow.The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained.古典主义要求简洁、洗练、明朗、精古典主义要求简洁、洗练、明朗、精确的文风，反对烦琐、枝蔓、含糊、确的文风，反对烦琐、枝蔓、含糊、晦涩，崇尚与模仿古希腊罗马经典。晦涩，崇尚与模仿古希腊罗马经典。英国在英国在17世纪后期形成了古典主义流世纪后期形成了古典主义流派，但直到派，但直到18世纪初期才得到发展；世纪初期才得到发展；约翰约翰德莱顿是古典主义的倡导者和实德莱顿是古典主义的倡导者和实践者。践者。论戏剧体诗论戏剧体诗（1668）等阐等阐述了古典主义法则。蒲伯的创作使英述了古典主义法则。蒲伯的创作使英国古典主义达到高潮。国古典主义达到高潮。Neo-Classicism新古典主义新古典主义 n This term refers to the revival of the attitudes and styles of expression of classical literature.It begins in the late 17th century and lasting until about 1800.In its purest form,Neoclassicism marked a return to order（整齐）（整齐）,proportion（协调）（协调）,restraint（克制）（克制）,logic,accuracy,and decorum（得体）（得体）.Romanticism VS Neo-classicismnIn a more general sense,Romanticism often stands in contrast with Neo-classicism.The leading Romanticistsnin EnglandnWilliam BlakenWordsworth,ColeridgenByron,Shelley and KeatsnScottnin France nHugonSand nin Germany nHeine,Goethe,Schillernin Russia nPushkin Ithinkofyou,whenIseethesunsshimmerGleamingfromthesea.Ithinkofyou,whenthemoonsglimmerIsreflectedinthesprings.Iseeyou,whenonthedistantroadThedustrises,Indeepnight,whenonthenarrowbridgeThetravelertrembles.我想起你，每当太阳从大我想起你，每当太阳从大海上海上辉煌照耀；辉煌照耀；我想起你，每当月亮在泉我想起你，每当月亮在泉水中水中抖动彩笔。抖动彩笔。我看到你，每当在大路的我看到你，每当在大路的远方远方扬起灰尘；扬起灰尘；每当深夜，浪游者在山间每当深夜，浪游者在山间小路小路哆嗦战栗。哆嗦战栗。Closeness of BelovedGoetheCloseness of BelovedGoethe歌德歌德Ihearyou,whenwithadullroarThewavesurges.InthequietgroveIoftengotolistenWhenallissilent.Iamwithyou,howeverfarawayyoumaybe,Youarenexttome!Thesunissetting,soonthestarswillshineuponme.Ifonlyyouwerehere!我听见你，每当大我听见你，每当大海掀起狂涛海掀起狂涛发出咆哮；发出咆哮；在沉静的林苑中，在沉静的林苑中，我常去倾听我常去倾听万籁俱寂。万籁俱寂。我伴着你，即使你我伴着你，即使你在天涯海角在天涯海角犹如身边；犹如身边；太阳西沉，星星很太阳西沉，星星很快将照耀我快将照耀我呵，愿你也在这里。呵，愿你也在这里。海涅 亨利希海涅（17971856）是19世纪德国伟大的革命民主主义诗人、杰出的散文家和政论家，也是19世纪前期浪漫主义文学和批判现实主义文学范畴在德国的主要代表人物。III.Romanticism in England(1)n1.William Blake nTwo early collections:nSongs of Innocence(1789)nSongs of Experience(1794)n2.The Lakers Wordsworth and Coleridgen The Lakers:Wordsworth and Coleridge Lyrical Ballads n3.George Gordon Byron nIsles of Greece Don JuanWilliam Blake(1757-1827)nEnglish poet,painternHe created a unique form of illustrated 有插画的有插画的 verse.nHis poetry is inspired by mysticism 神秘主义神秘主义and complex symbolism 象象征主义征主义.nHis poetry is considered one of the most original原创性的原创性的,lyric抒情的抒情的,and prophetic预言性的预言性的.Major WorksnBlake explored issues of divine love in the collection Songs of Innocence(1789)天真之歌天真之歌,while he considered the nature of evil in Songs of Experience(1794)经验之歌经验之歌.nInnocence and Experience,“the two contrary states of the human soul,”are contrasted in such poems as“The Lamb”and“The Tiger.”TIGERnTIGER,tiger,burning bright In the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry?In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes?On what wings dare he aspire?What the hand dare seize the fire?And what shoulder and what art Could twist the sinews of thy heart?And when thy heart began to beat,What dread hand and what dread feet?nWhat the hammer?what the chain?In what furnace was thy brain?What the anvil?What dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp?When the stars threw down their spears,And waterd heaven with their tears,Did He smile His work to see?Did He who made the lamb make thee?Tiger,tiger,burning bright In the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eye Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?老虎老虎 译：卞之琳译：卞之琳n老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌，老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌，烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽，烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽，什么样非凡的手和眼睛什么样非凡的手和眼睛 能塑造你一身惊人的匀称？能塑造你一身惊人的匀称？n什么样遥远的海底、天边什么样遥远的海底、天边 烧出了做你眼睛的火焰？烧出了做你眼睛的火焰？跨什么翅膀胆敢去凌空？跨什么翅膀胆敢去凌空？凭什么铁掌抓一把火种？凭什么铁掌抓一把火种？什么样工夫，什么样胳膊，什么样工夫，什么样胳膊，拗得成你五脏六腑的筋络？拗得成你五脏六腑的筋络？等到你的心一开始蹦跳，等到你的心一开始蹦跳，什么样惊心动魄的手脚？什么样惊心动魄的手脚？n什么样铁链？什么样铁锤？什么样铁链？什么样铁锤？什么样熔炉里炼你的脑髓？什么样熔炉里炼你的脑髓？什么样铁砧？什么样猛劲什么样铁砧？什么样猛劲 一下子掐住了骇人的雷霆？一下子掐住了骇人的雷霆？到临了，星星扔下了金枪，到临了，星星扔下了金枪，千万滴眼泪洒遍了穹苍，千万滴眼泪洒遍了穹苍，完工了再看看他可会笑？完工了再看看他可会笑？不就是造羊的把你也造了？不就是造羊的把你也造了？老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌，老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌，烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽，烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽，什么样非凡的手和眼睛什么样非凡的手和眼睛 敢塑造你一身惊人的匀称敢塑造你一身惊人的匀称 The Lakers/the Lake PoetsWilliam Wordsworth Samuel Taylor ColeridgeRobert SoutheyThey lived in the Lake District,hence getting the name the Lakers.nThe preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads(1800)抒情歌谣抒情歌谣集集,by Wordsworth and Coleridge was the manifesto 宣言宣言 of literary romanticism.nThe two poets affirmed the importance of feeling and imagination to poetic creation and rejected conventional literary forms and subjects.nTheory:“poetry is the spontaneous 自发的自发的 overflow 流溢流溢 of powerful feelings recollected 回忆回忆 in tranquillity 宁静宁静.”I Wandered Lonely as a CloudnIwanderedlonelyasacloudnThatfloatsonhighoervalesandhills,nWhenallatonceIsawacrowd,nAhost,ofgoldendaffodils;n我独游于天际，如一朵流云n凌空于谷峰，飘然然悠闲n忽然间我看见一群n一簇簇金黄色的水仙Besidethelake,beneaththetreesFlutteringanddancinginthebreeze.ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,看在树之荫，湖之缘在微风中，她们舞姿翩翩她们似银河星钻，连延不断在银河里闪闪发光 Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay;TenthousandsawIataglanceTossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance沿着湖湾的水缘线延伸成无穷无尽的一行一瞥去便是一万朵在欢舞之中起伏颠簸Thewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOutdidthesparklingwavesinglee:Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,Insuchajocundcompany:波光里的涟漪也舞弄清影，却怎比得水仙的欢快伴有这等喜悦诗人如何不快 IgazedandgazedbutlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:Foroften,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,我-久久凝视-但毫无答复可知这景致给予我多少财富每当我久卧不眠心绪空荡，或忧思难抱 TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.她们便闪现在心田正如寂寥中的光照于是我的心儿满溢着欢畅同这群水仙起舞歌唱 Samuel Taylor Coleridge(1772-1834)nA chief poet in English Romanticism.nFamous works:nLyrical Ballads(in collaboration with Wordsworth)n“Rime of the Ancient Mariner”古舟子咏古舟子咏n“Kubla Khan”忽必列汗忽必列汗III.Romanticism in England(2)n4.Percy Bysshe Shelley n Ode to the West Wind n Prometheus Unboundn5.John Keatsn Ode to a Nightingale n Ode on a Grecian Urn n6.Walter Scottn The Heart of Mid-lothian n IvanhoeGeorge Gordon Byron拜伦nShe Walks in BeautyPercy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)none of the greatest poets of the English language none of the most influential leaders of the romantic movementIfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?nShelley wrote enthusiastic poems noted for their lyricism and romanticism.nHe is noted for his radical 激进的激进的 liberal thought and rebellion against the restrictions of English politics and religion.nHe died in a sailing accident in 1822 shortly before his 30th birthday.Major worksnPrometheus Unbound(1820)-a verse dramanHis fame comes especially from his lyrics抒情诗抒情诗,including the familiar short odes n“To a Skylark”(1820)云雀颂云雀颂n“Ode to the West Wind”(1819)西西风颂风颂n“The Cloud”(1820)John Keats(1795-1821)nA chief figure in English Romanticism.nHe is known for his melodious曲调曲调优美的优美的,rich verse,and is considered one of the greatest English poets.n Major works nFamous odes:nOde to a Nightingale（1820）夜莺颂夜莺颂nOde to a Grecian Urn（1820）希腊古瓮颂希腊古瓮颂nOde on Melancholy 忧郁颂忧郁颂n To Autumn 秋颂秋颂Walter Scott(1771-1832)nScottish novelist and poetnHis work as a translator,editor,biographer,and critic,together with his novels and poems,made him one of the most prominent figures in English romanticism.nHis death marked the end of Romanticism in Britain.nHis novels influenced many later writers,and he established a new form of novel:the historical novel.nMajor works:nIvanhoe(1820)Romanticism in FranceVictor Hugo(1802-1885)nFrench poet,novelist,and playwrightnthe a chief figure of romantic movement in France.nMajor Works:The Hunchback of Notre Dame(1831)巴黎圣母院巴黎圣母院 Les Misrables(1862)悲惨世悲惨世界界 Lhomme Qui Rit(The Man Who Laughs)(1869)笑面人笑面人 Romanticism in RussiaPushkin(1799-1837)nthe greatest Russian and the founder of modern Russian literaturenone of the first important literary figures in RussianA chief figure in Russian romanticismnA forerunner of Russian realism nPushkin wrote poetry,short stories,novels,and plays.nHis works established the Russian literary tradition.His lyric poetrysaid to be delightful to the Russian ear but untranslatableand his simple,vivid prose were invaluable models for the writers who followed him.Major worksnHis most famous works include:nthe drama Boris Godunov(1825)鲍鲍里斯里斯戈都诺夫戈都诺夫 nthe epic poem Eugene Onegin(1823-1831)叶甫盖尼叶甫盖尼奥涅金奥涅金nThe Captains Daughter(1836)上尉上尉的女儿的女儿n“The Queen of Spades”黑桃皇后黑桃皇后n“The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”“If by life you were deceived”nIf by life you were deceived,nDont be dismal,dont be wild!nIn the day of grief,be mildnMerry days will come,believe.nHeart is living in tomorrow.nPresent is dejected here;nIn a moment,passes sorrow;nThat which passes will be dear.“假如生活欺骗了你假如生活欺骗了你”（年）n假如生活欺骗了你，假如生活欺骗了你，不要忧郁，也不要愤慨！不要忧郁，也不要愤慨！不顺心时暂且克制自己，不顺心时暂且克制自己，相信吧，快乐之日就会到来。相信吧，快乐之日就会到来。n我们的心儿憧憬着未来，我们的心儿憧憬着未来，现今总是令人悲哀：现今总是令人悲哀：一切都是暂时的，转瞬既逝，一切都是暂时的，转瞬既逝，而那逝去的将变为可爱。而那逝去的将变为可爱。VI.Art and Architecture(1)n1.PaintingsnGoyanSpanish court painter and etcher(蚀刻家)nBest known for his portraits of royalty and nobilitynMajor works:n n nnThe Parasol The Execution of the Third of May VI.Art and Architecture(2)n1.PaintingsnDavidnDavid French Painter nMajor works:nnThe Death of SocratesThe Death of MaratVI.Art and Architecture(3)n1.PaintingsnDelacroixnDelacroix代表着法国浪漫主义绘画的最高成就nMajor works:nn The Massacre at ChiosVI.Art and Architecture(5)n2.ArchitectureThe Houses of Parliament in LandonThe Brandenburg Gate in BerlinOpera House in ParisThe Houses of Parliament in LandonThe Brandenburg Gate in BerlinOpera House in ParisVII.Music(1)nThe Early RomanticsnBeethoven(贝多芬)German Composer n marked the beginning of 19th century programme musicnSchubert（舒伯特）Austrian composer nChopin（肖邦）Polish composer nSchumann(舒曼)German composernMendelssohn（门德尔松）German composerVII.Music(2)nThe Later Romantics-Middle of 19th CenturynBerlioz（伯辽兹）French composernLiszt（里斯特）Hungarian composernWagner（瓦格纳）German composernBrahms（伯拉姆斯）German composernTchaikovsky（柴科夫斯基）Russian composer此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢