主语从句讲解及练习培训讲学.ppt

Subject Clauses主语(zhy)从句第一页，共23页。一、名词性从句的相关概念一、名词性从句的相关概念 二、二、名词性从句的种类：名词性从句的种类：、主语从句、主语从句 1 1、主语从句的连接词：、主语从句的连接词：2 2、主语从句的规律：主语从句的规律：3 3、主语从句试题集锦：主语从句试题集锦：、宾语宾语(bny)(bny)从句从句 、表语从句、表语从句 、同位语从句、同位语从句 三、课堂练习三、课堂练习第二页，共23页。句子(j zi)的成分【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？【答】组成句子的各个(gg)部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？第三页，共23页。名名词词代代词词形容形容词词数数词词动词动词副副词词(fc)(fc)介介词词连词连词感感叹词叹词冠冠词词表示数目或表示数目或顺顺序序连连接接词词与与词词或句与句的作用或句与句的作用用来限制名用来限制名词词的意的意义义表示表示动动作或状作或状态态名名词词、代、代词词其他其他(qt)(qt)词词之之间间的的关系关系表示人或事物的特征或性状表示人或事物的特征或性状表示表示强强烈的感情烈的感情代替名代替名词词、数、数词词等等表示表示动动作的特征或性状特征作的特征或性状特征表示人或事物的名称表示人或事物的名称第四页，共23页。一一.名词性从句的相关名词性从句的相关(xinggun)(xinggun)概念概念1.名词：名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词的句法作用：名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语名词在句中主要作主语(zhy)、宾语、表语和、宾语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语。同位语。另外还可以作定语。3.名词性从句：名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语语(zhy)、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。第五页，共23页。4.名词性从句的种类：名词性从句的种类：根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同(btn)成分成分,名词性从句可以分为主语从句、名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。5.主语从句：主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的名词性从句在复合句中充当主语的名词性从句一一.名词性从句名词性从句(cn j)(cn j)的相的相关概念关概念第六页，共23页。定义：定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词 性从句之一。性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接引导主语从句的连接(linji)(linji)词有：词有：从属连词从属连词:that,whether:that,whether；连接连接(linji)(linji)代词代词:who(whoever),:who(whoever),whom,whose,what(whatever)whom,whose,what(whatever)和和which which(whichever)(whichever)；连接连接(linji)(linji)副词副词:when,where,how:when,where,how和和whywhy。第七页，共23页。1).从属从属(cngsh)连词：连词：1）从属连词：）从属连词：that，whether引导主语从句只起引导引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身本身(bnshn)无实际意义，但不能省略无实际意义，但不能省略.whether意为意为“是否是否”，放在句首句末皆可。，放在句首句末皆可。Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whetherhellcomehereisntclear.第八页，共23页。2).2).连接连接(linji)(linji)代词代词:who,whom,whose,what,:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whicheverwhich,whoever,whatever,whichever例例:(1).Itisclearwhoisafraidofhavingachangeinlandownership.(2).Whosebagitiscannotbetold.(3).WhatIndianeedsisalawtomakelandownershipfairer.(4).Itisnotyetdecidedwhichcashcropwillbeproducednextyear.(5).Whateverhesaidwasright.(6).Whoevergoestheremustgetreadyby6oclock.第九页，共23页。3).3).连接连接(linji)(linji)副词副词:when,where,why,how,:when,where,why,how,how many,how much,how long,how soon,how how many,how much,how long,how soon,how oftenoften例例:(1).Whenwellstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.(2).Wherewecanbuyoxenissomethingweneedtofindout.(3).Whyhecamehereisnotknown.(4).Howwecanprotectthegrainfromdampneedstobediscussed.(5).Howmanypeoplediedfromstarvationthatyearwillneverbeknown.(6).Howoftenhellgotoseehisgrandmotherdependsonthetimehecanspare.第十页，共23页。主语从句后置：主语从句后置：1.为了避免为了避免(bmin)主语冗长主语冗长,句子头句子头重脚轻重脚轻,经常用经常用it作作形式主语形式主语,主主语从句放在后面作真正的主语语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.第十一页，共23页。1).It+be+形容词形容词+that从句从句(cnj)2.2.用用it it 作作形形式式主主语语(zhy)(zhy)的结构的结构(obvious,true,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable等等等等(dndn)如：如：Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.2）.It+be+名词词组名词词组+that从句从句(anhonour,afact,apity等等）如：等等）如：Itsapitythatwecantgotherewithyou.第十二页，共23页。3).It+be+过去分词过去分词+that从句从句(cnj)4).It+不及物动词不及物动词(jwdnc)或短语或短语+that从从句句ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.Itdoesntmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc。）。）如：如：(seem,happen,doesntmatter,turnout等等等等(dndn)如：如：第十三页，共23页。1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略(shngl)这些连接词。这些连接词。误：误：Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.2)如果主语从句放在句首，表示如果主语从句放在句首，表示“是否是否”讲时，不能用讲时，不能用if引导，只能用引导，只能用whether;，但是如果用，但是如果用it做形式做形式(xngsh)主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导引导.误：误：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.注注 意意正：正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.正：正：WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.第十四页，共23页。1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3）主语从句中用陈述语序）主语从句中用陈述语序(yx),后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数4）“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：引导主语从句时，谓语动词：常与其常与其(yq)后的名词作表语一致后的名词作表语一致，且根据句子的语境而定。，且根据句子的语境而定。eg：5).5).用于用于 It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that.It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that.句型中句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气主语从句应使用虚拟语气,用用“should+“should+动词原形动词原形(yunxng)”(yunxng)”的形式的形式,should,should有时可以省略。有时可以省略。6).6).在在 It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required insisted/required 中中,that,that从句的谓语也应该用从句的谓语也应该用“should+“should+动词原形动词原形(yunxng)”(yunxng)”的形式的形式,should,should有时可以省略。有时可以省略。第十五页，共23页。总结(zngji)规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。在后。规律二、连词规律二、连词that that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。规律三、规律三、whether whether 可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if if不不能能规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。规律五、含主语从句的主句规律五、含主语从句的主句(zh(zh j)j)谓语动词多用单数第谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。三人称形式。规律六、规律六、what what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句(zh(zh j)j)动词的单复数形式。动词的单复数形式。规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用 it it 做形式做形式主语，而把从主语，而把从 句放在后面。句放在后面。第十六页，共23页。Make sentences:Its certain.well be late.Is he coming or not？We dont knowWhat does he want to tell us?We dont knowWhen will you come back?It doesnt matter.Its certain that we will be late.That well be late is certain.We dont know whether he is coming or not.Whether he is coming is not known.We dont know what he wants to tell us.What he wants to tell us is not known.When you will come back doesnt matter.It doesnt matter when you will come back.第十七页，共23页。作业：汉译英。用两个方式(fngsh)来翻译中国作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖是个好消息。一个学生去学好英语(yn y)是很重要的。据报道中国作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖。地球围着太阳转是个常识。第十八页，共23页。answersIt is a good news that Chinese writer Moyan gets the Nobel Prize in literature.That Chinese writer Moyan gets the Nobel Prize in literature is a good news.It is important that a student learns English well.That a student learns English well is important.It is reported that Chinese writer Moyan got the Nobel Prize in literature.Chinese writer Moyan got the Nobel Prize in literature was reported.The earth moves around the sun is a common knowledge.It is a common knowledge that the earth moves around the sun.第十九页，共23页。Completethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,when，who,why,howorthat.1.(_isneededforsuccess)isyourhardwork.3.(_wewillgotomorrow)hasntbeendecidedyet.2.(_theywillarrive)hasbeentoldtotheteacher.4.(_canjoininthesportmeet)isdecidedbytheteacher.5.(_itwillrainornot)isnotclear.WhatWhen/HowWhere/whetherWhoWhether主语从句作主语时，谓语主语从句作主语时，谓语(wiy)动词一般用单数形式。动词一般用单数形式。Conclusion:第二十页，共23页。1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all that America is a developed country.A Which B As C What D It 第二十一页，共23页。4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave第二十二页，共23页。英译汉What we need is money.What he says is not important.Whether they would support us was a problem.Whichever(of you)comes in first will receive a prize.Where I spend my summer is no business of yours.When we arrive doesnt matter.第二十三页，共23页。