优化流程缩短DNT教学文稿.ppt
优化流程优化流程(lichng)(lichng)缩缩 短短 DNT DNT 武汉市第一武汉市第一(dy)(dy)医院神经内科医院神经内科 2016 2016年年4 4月月1616日日第一页,共29页。o静脉(jngmi)溶栓2015oDNT时间控制o不良预后因素o优化流程o问题及改进o相关研究目录目录(ml)(ml)第二页,共29页。静脉(jngmi)溶栓2015医院(排名不分先后)医院(排名不分先后)例数例数DNTDNT市一医院8065省人民医院5470陆军总医院2372天佑医院2073市三医院1275汉口医院475长航、市四、市五、汉阳、武昌医院11889一六一医院885东西湖医院695第三页,共29页。144%105%市一医院(yyun)年份201320142015静脉rt-PA溶栓治疗例数163980静脉静脉(jngmi)(jngmi)溶栓溶栓20152015第四页,共29页。静脉溶栓、桥接静脉溶栓、桥接(qio ji)治疗、血管内治疗治疗、血管内治疗10人70人5人7人市一医院(yyun)静脉静脉(jngmi)(jngmi)溶栓溶栓20152015第五页,共29页。DNT 60min 11例分析,均符合例分析,均符合(fh)DNT6步骤最佳时间内步骤最佳时间内DNT时间(shjin)控制第六页,共29页。DNT 80min 9例分析例分析(fnx),多在检验环节耽误,多在检验环节耽误DNT时间(shjin)控制第七页,共29页。月份(月份(N=27)9月月10月月11月月12月月单月均DNT(min)90796371累月均DNT(min)90837365 9-12月平均缩短月平均缩短(sudun)DNT25min,目前,目前DNT为为65minDNT时间(shjin)控制第八页,共29页。死亡死亡(swng)人数分布人数分布不良预后(yhu)因素o发病时间越长oNIHSS评分越高o年龄(ninlng)越大o 患者预后越差o大面积脑梗塞脑疝感染:4人o大面积脑梗塞脑出血消化道出血:1人o大面积脑梗塞、去骨瓣:1人 o溶栓后心梗:1人第九页,共29页。优化流程优化流程(lichng)(lichng)急性急性(jxng)(jxng)卒中绿色通道路卒中绿色通道路径图径图第十页,共29页。优化流程优化流程(lichng)(lichng)急性急性(jxng)(jxng)缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓治疗方缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓治疗方案案第十一页,共29页。急性缺血性脑卒中血管急性缺血性脑卒中血管(xugun)(xugun)内治疗方案内治疗方案优化流程优化流程(lichng(lichng)第十二页,共29页。o急诊医生职责:首诊、评估、化验、陪送、做完头部CT后开具住院送至NICU.oNICU医生职责:门口接诊、再次评估、与家属或患者谈话签字、开具手写(shuxi)处方、询问病史、看急诊化验结果oNICU护士职责:转移病人至床位、建立输液通道、复查血糖、给予监护、根据医生手写(shuxi)处方配制r-tPA、抽血、给药oNICU医生职责:调整血压、观察病情变化、联系血管内治疗、送患者至介入室oNICU医生职责:完善病历、开具医嘱、备皮、导尿等等优化流程(lichng)第十三页,共29页。问题(wnt)及改进o总结分析总结分析DNT达标及延误原因达标及延误原因(yunyn),改进流程,改进流程第十四页,共29页。o在排除相关病史用药(yn yo)史后,AIS静脉溶栓前不等待血小板和凝血功能指标联合其他优化措施,可显著缩短DNT,不增加slCH和7d内的死亡风险。减少检验(jinyn)延误杨璐萌杨璐萌 程忻程忻 凌倚峰凌倚峰 等等.急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓前是否需等待血小板计数急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓前是否需等待血小板计数(j sh)和凝血功能指标和凝血功能指标,中华神经科杂志,中华神经科杂志2014,47(7):):464-468Gottesman RF,Ah J,Wityk RJ,et a1Predicting abnormalcoagulation in ischemic stroke:reducing delay in rtPA useJNeurology,2006,67:16651667问题及改进问题及改进第十五页,共29页。o通过询问病史如血小板减少、肝肾功能异常、服用抗凝药等,可以早期判断患者是否可能存在血小板降低或凝血功能异常的情况。oGottesman等指出预测PT、部分凝血活酶时间(PTT)是否正常的关键在于明确3个问题:o(1)是否正在使用华法林治疗?o(2)是否正在使用肝素或低分子量肝素治疗?o(3)是否进行血液透析治疗?如果回答(hud)都是否定的,那么该方法预测PT、PTT正常的敏感度100,特异度946。减少检验(jinyn)延误杨璐萌杨璐萌 程忻程忻 凌倚峰凌倚峰 等等.急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓前是否需等待血小板计数和凝血功能指标急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓前是否需等待血小板计数和凝血功能指标,中华,中华(Zhnghu)神经科杂志神经科杂志2014,47(7):):464-468Gottesman RF,Ah J,Wityk RJ,et a1Predicting abnormalcoagulation in ischemic stroke:reducing delay in rtPA useJNeurology,2006,67:16651667问题及改进问题及改进第十六页,共29页。o减少患者入院后延误:急诊医生陪同o减少电梯延误:提前通知电梯等候o减少病房延误:门口平车上评估、查体后谈话(静脉、桥接)签字,病人安顿、监护好后即可开始给药治疗oNIHSS评分6分以上备皮、导尿、通知介入(jir)小组o每月召开总结会,反馈DNT时间、讨论改进办法问题(wnt)及改进第十七页,共29页。oPatients should receive endovascular therapy with a stent retriever if they meet all the following criteria(Class I;Level of Evidence A).(New recommendation):o(a)prestroke mRS score 0 to 1,o(b)acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous r-tPA within 4.5 hours of onset according to guidelines from professional medical societies,o(c)causative occlusion of the internal carotid artery or proximal MCA(M1),o(d)age 18 years,o(e)NIHSS score of 6,o(f)ASPECTS of 6,and o(g)treatment can be initiated(groin puncture)within 6 hours of symptom onset 桥接治疗(zhlio)的纳入标准AHA/ASA Guideline:2015 AHA/ASA Focused Update of the 2013 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Regarding Endovascular Treatment.Downloaded from http:/stroke.ahajournals.org/at Pfizer DIS on July 2,2015问题问题(wnt)(wnt)及改进及改进第十八页,共29页。Saver JL.Stroke.2006 Jan;37(1):263-6.大血管、幕上缺血性卒中神经回路损失的预估速度神经元丢失突触丢失有髓纤维丢失加速老化每次卒中12亿8.3万亿7140千米36年每小时1.2亿8300亿714千米3.6年每分钟190万140亿12千米3.1周每秒钟32,0002.3亿200米8.7小时相关(xinggun)研究分小时(xiosh)天炎症(ynzhng)梗死周围去极化兴奋性中毒细胞凋亡时间影响第十九页,共29页。oThe benefits of intravenous tPA in acute ischemic stroke are highly time-dependent.oBecause of the importance of rapid treatment,AHA/ASA guidelines recommend a door-to-needle(DTN)time of 60 minutes.oYet prior studies suggested fewer than 30%of intravenous tPA treated acute ischemic stroke patients in the United States were meeting this goal.oTo address this shortfall,Target:Stroke,a national initiative organized by the AHA/ASA,was launched in January 2010 to increase the proportion of stroke patients with DTN times 60 minutes(initial goal of 50%).Improving Door-to-Needle Times in Acute Ischemic Stroke:Principal Results from the Target:Stroke Initiative.ISC 2014,LB12 相关(xinggun)研究第二十页,共29页。提高具有溶栓适应证的患者在到院后60分钟内接受溶栓治疗的百分比降低急性缺血性脑卒中患者到院后-静脉溶栓时间Improving Door-to-Needle Times in Acute Ischemic Stroke:Principal Results from the Target:Stroke Initiative.ISC 2014,LB12相关(xinggun)研究第二十一页,共29页。Improving Door-to-Needle Times in Acute Ischemic Stroke:Principal Results from the Target:Stroke Initiative.ISC 2014,LB12Target:Stroke 10 Key Best Practice Strategieso1.Hospital pre-notification by Emergency Medical Serviceso2.Rapid triage protocol and stroke team notificationo3.Single call/paging activation system for entire stroke teamo4.Use of a stroke toolkit containing clinical decision support,stroke-specific order sets,guidelines,hospital-specific algorithms,critical pathways,NIH Stroke Scale and other stroke toolso5.Rapid acquisition and interpretation of brain imagingo6.Rapid Laboratory Testing(including point-of-care testing)if indicatedo7.Pre-mixing tPAmedication ahead of time for high likelihood candidateso8.Rapid access to intravenous tPAin the ED/brain imaging areao9.Team-based approacho10.Rapid data feedback to stroke team on each patients DTN time and other performance data相关相关(xinggun(xinggun)研究研究第二十二页,共29页。Target:CustomizableImplementation ToolsoPatient time-trackersoGuideline based algorithmsotPA checklistoStandardized order setsoDosing chartsoClinical pathwaysoEvidence-based protocolsoEMS toolsoPatient educational materialsoOther tools相关相关(xinggun)(xinggun)研究研究 Fonarow GC,et al.JAMA.2014 Apr 23-30;311(16):1632-40.第二十三页,共29页。一项来自美国Target:Stroke项目共304家医院(yyun)5460例接受tPA治疗患者的研究,旨在评估医院(yyun)策略和缩短DNT时间的相关性在11项缩短DNT的医院策略中,快速分诊并通知卒中小组(平均(pngjn)缩短8.1分钟),卒中小组集合(缩短4.3分钟)以及急诊储备tPA(缩短3.5分钟)是最有效的三种方法。快速分诊并通知(tngzh)卒中小组卒中小组集合急诊储备tPA缩短8.1min缩短4.3min缩短3.5min62%使用率P=0.0363%使用率P=0.01869%使用率P=0.008 Xian Y,et al.Strategies Used by Hospitals to Improve Speed of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Treatment in Acute Ischemic troke.Stroke.2014;45:1387-1395相关研究第二十四页,共29页。o共71,169例接受rt-PA的患者,其中(qzhng)项目开展前为27,319例,开展后为43,850例oDNT60min患者比例在项目开展前为29.6%,项目开展后增加到53.3%。开展前后的年增加率为1.36%vs.6.20%,P0.001临床预后(yhu)指标得到改善!OutcomePre-Target:Stroke(n=27,319)Post-Target:Stroke(n=43,850)Difference Pre and PostP Value院内死亡率9.93%8.25%-1.68%P值*出院回家37.6%42.7%+5.1%0.0001独立行动能力42.2%45.4%+3.2%0.0001症状性出血5.68%4.68%-1.00%0.0001tPA相关并发症6.68%5.50%-1.18%0.0001DNT60分比例(bl)(%)Fonarow GC,et al.JAMA.2014 Apr 23-30;311(16):1632-40.相关研究第二十五页,共29页。一项来自美国Target:Stroke项目共304家医院5460例接受tPA治疗患者的研究,旨在评估医院策略(cl)和缩短DNT时间的相关性。虽然单一治疗策略的作用效力可能(knng)较小,但这些策略联合起来能使DNT节约14分钟。由于美国Get With The Guidelines-Stroke项目中DNT的平均时间为72分钟,因此,缩短14分钟将使大多数患者达到60分钟的治疗目标,从而挽救数以千计患者的残疾命运。+1种策略(cl)+10种策略1.31.3分钟分钟1414分钟分钟P=0.011相关研究 Xian Y,et al.Strategies Used by Hospitals to Improve Speed of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Treatment in Acute Ischemic troke.Stroke.2014;45:1387-1395第二十六页,共29页。oWhile there have been concerns that attempting to achieve shorter DTN times may lead to rushed assessments,inappropriate patient selection,dosing errors,and greater likelihood of complications,our findings suggest that more rapid reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke is not only feasible,but can be achieved with actual reductions in complications and improved outcomes.oThese findings further reinforce the importance and substantial clinical benefits of more rapid administration of intravenous tPA.Fonarow GC et al.JAMA.2014;311(16):1632-1640.Conclusions相关相关(xinggu(xinggun)n)研究研究第二十七页,共29页。入院到溶栓治疗入院到溶栓治疗(zhlio)时间时间60分钟分钟到达急诊(jzhn)的疑似卒中患者医师初始评估(pn)(包括病史,实验室检查,NIHSS评分)通知卒中治疗小组(包括神经病学专家)CT扫描完成读CT及实验室检查报告完成符合溶栓指征患者给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓Bock BF.Proceedings of a National Symposium on Rapid Identification and Treatment of Acute Stroke;December 12-13,1996.http:/www.ninds.nih.gov/news_and_events/proceedings/stroke_proceedings/bock.htm简化流程,简化流程,“决胜决胜6060分分”第二十八页,共29页。第二十九页,共29页。