一般过去时与现在完成时的区别课件资料讲解.ppt

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别课件一般过去时的构成概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。基本构成：主语+动词（包括be）的过去时常用的时间状语：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等具体时间状语。【注】不论是否定句还是一般疑问句，只要用了助动词，原句中的谓语动词的过去时都要还原成动词原形；主+系+表结构的句子，主语要和was和were在人称和数上保持一致。Fillintheblankswith“for”or“since”:1.Wehavehadthenewcomputer_aweek.2.HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?IhavestudiedEnglish_Iwasfive.3.Howlonghashetaughtinthisschool?Hehastaughtinthisschool_1998.4.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Wehaveknowneachother_overtenyears.5.Howlonghaveyoukeptyourpetdog?Ihavekeptit_twoyearsago.Ihavekeptit_twoyears.sincesinceforsinceforforJameshasbeeninCanada_Monday.JameshasbeeninCanada_fourdays.JamescametoCanadafourdays_.MyaunthaslivedinBrazil_15years.MyauntmovedtoBrazil15years_.ShehaslivedinBrazil_15years_.Mikehasbeeninhospital_October.Mikehasbeeninhospital_twomonthsMikecametothehospitaltwomonths_Hehasbeeninhospital_twomonths_填上填上since,for或者或者ago.sinceforagoforagosinceagosinceforagosinceagoalready和和yet的区别的区别already常用于肯定句中或句末；常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常常用于用于一般疑问句一般疑问句或或否定句否定句末。但表惊末。但表惊讶时讶时already也可用于疑问句。例如：也可用于疑问句。例如：1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome-work.2.Tomhasntfinishedhishomeworkyet.3.What!Haveyoualreadyfinishedit?Shallweeatlunch?Iam_hungry.Haveyoumetourforeignteacher_?No,not_.Hasthebellrung_?Yes,Ithas_rung.Thecomputerhasnotbeenrepaired_.Wehave_changedtheplanbecauseLindahasntmadeuphermind_.Haveyouorderedthetakeawayfood_?Yes.Wehave_orderedit.alreadyyetyetyetalreadyalreadyyetyetalreadyyetFillinalreadyoryetwhenneeded现在完成时的用法目前已经完成的动作，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。例如：I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用。例如：Mary has been ill for three days.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。例如：We have had four texts this semester.使用现在完成时应注意：“have/has got”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/has 为同一意义，即“有”。例如：Have you got a pen-friend?-Yes,I have.have/has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别：have/has gone to 强调“去而未归”；have/has been to 强调“去而归还”。have/hasbeen to常和once,twice,never,ever连用；have/has gone to则不可。非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时+表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这类动词有：come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。一般过去时和现在完成时的区别（1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。总结句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday,last week,in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。共同的时间状语:this morning,tonight,this April,now,once，before,already,recently，lately 等。比较练习 1.-Where _you _(put)the book?I cant see it anywhere.-I _(put)it right here.But now its gone.A.did;put;put B.have;put;put C.did;put;have put D.have;put;have put2.We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened 3.Hello,I _ you were in London.How long _ here?A.dont know;were you B.hadnt known;are you C.havent known;are D.didnt know;have you been 比较练习4.Im glad to tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ expected to.A.finished;were B.have finished;are C.have finished;were D.had finished;were 5.It _ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.A.finds B.has found C.was found D.has been found 6.When I was at college I _ three foreign language but I _ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgottenD.had spoken;have forgotten