初中英语句子结构及句型细致讲解说课材料.ppt

初中英语句子结构及句型初中英语句子结构及句型细致讲解细致讲解英语的句子基本成分有七种：英语的句子基本成分有七种：主语（主语（subject）谓语（谓语（predicate）表语（表语（predicative）宾语（宾语（object）宾语补足语宾语补足语(objectcomplement)定语（定语（attribute）状语状语(adverbial)那他们该怎么放置才好呢？主语：是句子要说明的人或物主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的可以作主语的成分有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式等，成分有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式等，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！不分家！v1)Mr.Lee is a well-known scientist.v2)He reads newspapers everyday.v3)Two and ten is twelve.v4)Smoking is harmful to the health.v5)To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.v6)What we shall do next is not yet decided.谓语谓语:说明主语的动作，状态或特征，由动词说明主语的动作，状态或特征，由动词充当。充当。v1)The new term begins on the 1st of September.v2)His father is an engineer.v3)She seemed happy.v4)Li Hua showed me his album.宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物.v1)Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.v2)The medicine is good for a cold.v3)How many pieces do you want?v4)My little sister always likes to ask questions.v5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?v6)He asked me what I was going to do tonight宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明 宾语 的动作,状态,特征.v1)The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.v2)I dont believe the story true.v3)You should put your things in order.v4)The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.v5)We saw the pupils playing basketball.表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动 词如词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。属性或状态。v1)Wangs father is a doctor.v2)He is always careless.v3)The basketball match is on.v4)All the pupils are on the playground now.v5)Our aim is to win more medals.v6)His work is teaching French.v7)The question is who can really repair the machines.定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。vTom is a handsome boy.vThe two boys are students.vHis boy needs Toms pen.vThe boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.vThe boy needs a ball pen.vThe best boy here is Tom.vThere is nothing to do today.vThe smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.vThis is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。v1)She sings quite well.v2)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.v3)He sits there,asking for a pen.v4)The boy needs a pen to do his homework.v5)If I have some spare time,I will take up German.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语主语vFind out the Subject in the following sentences.1.1.Jim is reading.Jim is reading.2.2.How many students passed the exam?How many students passed the exam?3.3.3.Who is on duty today?3.Who is on duty today?4.4.4.He went shopping yesterday.4.He went shopping yesterday.5.5.5.What does he like?5.What does he like?6.6.6.What happened?6.What happened?7.7.Reading is my interest.Reading is my interest.名词名词代代词词动名词动名词谓语谓语These boys like swimming.I wrote a letter just now.Mary runs very fast.Those people are talking.We can swim.They dont want to have a picnic.He stood up and walked towards me.实义动词充当谓语实义动词充当谓语谓语部分谓语部分由and and 连接并列谓语动词宾语宾语vFind out the Object in the following sentences.1.1.You should do it at once.You should do it at once.2.2.She did nothing.She did nothing.3.3.I will tell her something.I will tell her something.4.4.Please give me the book.Please give me the book.5.5.Uncle Li bought 20 sheep this year.Uncle Li bought 20 sheep this year.6.6.Tom is reading a book.Tom is reading a book.7.7.She enjoys collecting stamps.She enjoys collecting stamps.代词充当宾语代词充当宾语双宾语双宾语名词充当宾语名词充当宾语动名词短语动名词短语定语定语1.1.We all like interesting stories.We all like interesting stories.2.2.The book on the bed is mine.The book on the bed is mine.3.3.Do you know that woman?Do you know that woman?4.4.She wears a red blouse and a white skirt.She wears a red blouse and a white skirt.5.5.Jim missed the sports meeting last week.Jim missed the sports meeting last week.6.6.Toms aunt is very rich.Toms aunt is very rich.7.7.Whose book is it?Whose book is it?8.8.A good friend is someone who makes me happy.A good friend is someone who makes me happy.宾语补足语宾语补足语1.1.He called it Mickey Mouse.He called it Mickey Mouse.2.2.I saw you out this morning.I saw you out this morning.3.3.What he did made me angry.What he did made me angry.4.4.Please put it in the drawer.Please put it in the drawer.5.5.I found all the windows broken.I found all the windows broken.6.6.He kept me waiting for half an hour.He kept me waiting for half an hour.7.7.The manager asked me to buy something.The manager asked me to buy something.找出下列句子中的状语We usually get up at 6 oclock.There is a cat behind the door.I found a purse on the floor.The next day we did a lot of washing.Because of bad weather,we put off the match.时间状语地点状语地点状语时间状语原因状语 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）s:subject v:verb P:predicative o:object(indirect)c:complement基本句型基本句型 一一+（主谓）（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。语从句等。（不及物（不及物动词动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed?woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playinghave gone基本句型 二+（主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,soundbe,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,get,grow,become,turn,goturn,go等属另一类，表示变化。等属另一类，表示变化。be be 本身没有什本身没有什么意义么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand:stay,prove,remain,stand（是系（是系动词动词）(表表语语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face is smells(闻闻)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.基本句型基本句型 三三+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。做及物动词。（实义动词实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.基本句型基本句型 四四+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。（必背！）常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为A、B两类）：A：动词后加to:give 给 show给看 send寄，打电报 bring带 read读pass递给 lend借给 leave留给 hand交给 tell告诉return把还给 write给写信vB:动词后加for:vbuy给/为某人买 draw 替/给某人画 make 为某人制作v【秘诀秘诀】v“七给七给”“一带一带”to不少，不少，v“买买”“画画”“制作制作”for来了。来了。v【说明】常跟双宾语的动词【说明】常跟双宾语的动词“七给七给”(give,hand，lend,pass,show,send,write)和和“一带一带”(bring)8个及物动词，在直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加上个及物动词，在直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加上to。即：。即：“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”。buy，draw，make三个动词，在直接宾语前置时，则必须在后面加三个动词，在直接宾语前置时，则必须在后面加for，构成，构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”句型。句型。（及（及物）物）（多（多指人）指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.He 8.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 4.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.基本句型基本句型 五五+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。语，才能使意思完整。（及物）（及物）（宾语宾语）（宾补宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.（二）（二）v1.They work hard.主主 +谓谓v2.The flower is dead.主主+系系+表表v3.Plants need water.主主+谓谓+宾宾v4.He gives me some seeds.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+简宾简宾v5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补v6.Many animals live in trees.主主 +谓谓分别选出一个正确巩固练习分别选出一个正确巩固练习:一、给下列各题答案：一、给下列各题答案：1.We all work hard at English.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语2.Betty likes her new bike.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语3.Her sister is a nurse.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语v4.Were you at home last night?vA.主语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语v5.Winter is the coldest season of the year.vA.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语v6.He often walks in the park.vA.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语v7.John asked me to help him.vA.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语v8.He gave me some ink.vA.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补9.His parents are doctors.A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语10.Ill get you some tea now.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补v每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。Classes begin at eight every day.v布朗夫人看起来很健康。布朗夫人看起来很健康。Mrs Brown looks very healthy.v她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.v Johnson 先生去年教我们德语先生去年教我们德语 Mr Johnson taught us German last year.v奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told me an interesting story last night.v这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。This term I have written three letters to my parents.v我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。My father has bought me a new bike.vRobinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。给自己做了一只小船。Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.结束结束