中考英语专题二阅读理解方法指导 课件.pptx
专题二 阅读理解做题技巧一.阅读理解类型1.判断型阅读理解判断型阅读理解占占5分分2.选择性阅读理解选择性阅读理解B、C、D篇，占篇，占30分分中考重要题型中考重要题型 总分（总分（35）占比大）占比大(29.1%)二、阅读理解文章类型1.记叙文、说明文、科普文记叙文、说明文、科普文三、阅读理解题型分类1.主旨大意主旨大意2.细节理解细节理解（占比高：一篇阅读理解里至少（占比高：一篇阅读理解里至少2-3题）题）3.判断推理判断推理4.词义猜测词义猜测通过题干判断题型，对应解题技巧完成答题通过题干判断题型，对应解题技巧完成答题3.1 主旨大意题解题技巧常见设问方式：常见设问方式：1.what is the best title/topic for.?（2021 C 65、2020 B65、2019 C 652.what is the purpose of the passage?(2019 D70、3.What is the passage mainly about?(2018 C 654.What is the main idea of the passge?(2020 D70、2017 D 70)5.The writer wrote the passage mainly to.?(2018 D69)6.whats para mainly talk about?1.通常出现在各篇阅读理解最后一道题（通常出现在各篇阅读理解最后一道题（C篇和篇和D篇居多）篇居多）2.分值占比分值占比 10%-20%3.目的：把握目的：把握文章大意或中心思想（具有概括性的选项）文章大意或中心思想（具有概括性的选项）技巧点拨技巧点拨首尾段首尾段各段的首尾句各段的首尾句段落中出现段落中出现表转折的词或短语表转折的词或短语(如如however,but,in fact,actually等等)作者有意识地作者有意识地反复陈述的观点反复陈述的观点，通常，通常是主旨；是主旨；反复出现的词或短语反复出现的词或短语，一般为，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词；体现文章主旨的关键词；干扰选项特征干扰选项特征1.1.出现细节选项出现细节选项2.2.范围太大范围太大（脱离主题）（脱离主题）3.3.带有新名词出现的选项（无中生有）带有新名词出现的选项（无中生有）4.4.过于绝对过于绝对（every、never、only、all）除非原文也出现以上词！除非原文也出现以上词！例(2020北部湾经济区阅读理解 D 节选)If youve ever taken a bus,youve probably found someone sleeping in the seat near you.Maybe this even happen to you.You might think you need more coffee,but it wont help much.The natural vibration(振动)of buses and subways makes us feel sleepy,according to a new story in Science Alert.Why?Its all about the information going to your brain.On a bus,your senses give you continuous(持续的)and repeating information.For example,the air conditioner and engine(引擎)create continuous white noise.At the same time,youre sitting still and the things around dont change.The vibrations of the engine are also continuous.Your brain has almost no new information to deal with.The repeating information will make your brain enter a lowenergy state.The fact that you fall asleep quickly when closing your eyes on a bus is because your brain gets used to all of it.“When youre tired,it doesnt take much to start nodding off.But weve found that as you drive,the gentle vibrations made by car seats can make you sleepy.”said Stephen Robinson,a researcher from the RMIT University in Melbourne,Australia.公交车上有人睡觉的现象公交车上有人睡觉的现象公交震动使人犯困公交震动使人犯困为什么想睡觉为什么想睡觉?大脑没有需要处理的新信息大脑没有需要处理的新信息开车时，车上座椅的震动使人犯困开车时，车上座椅的震动使人犯困70.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.It shows the way people usually sit on the bus.B.It describes a scientific test by Robinsons team.C.It suggests improving road safety to car industry.D.It explains what causes peoples sleepiness on buses.正确答案：选正确答案：选D细节选项细节选项无中生有无中生有无中生有无中生有I usually took a bus to school.I found that most passengers were silent and never had a conversation with anyone else.About a year ago，an old man got on the bus and said loudly to the driver，Good morning!Most people looked up，wondering why，and the bus driver didnt take it seriously and just replied in a cold voice，Mm hmmThe next day the man got on and again he said in a loud voice，Good morning!to the driver.Another Mm hmm.By the fifth day，the driver finally answered him with a little happy Good morning!Then the man said，My name is Benny The driver told the man that he was Sam.That was the first time any of us had heard the drivers name and soon people began to talk to each other and say hello to Sam and Benny.Soon Benny spread his happy Good morning!to the whole bus.Within a few days，his Good morning!was returned by a lot of Good mornings and the whole bus seemed to be friendlier.People got to know each other.Benny truly showed friendship among us with a simple Good morning!，I thought.Then suddenly，Benny stopped showing up.Everyone began to ask about Benny，wondering what happened to him.No one knew what to do and the bus got quiet again.So，last week，I started to act like Benny and say Good morning!to everyone and the whole bus cheered up again.Hopefully，Benny could come back to see his Good morning!mattered a lot.Sometimes we see some strangers so many times that we know their faces well，but we never even say hello to them.By saying hello，friendship starts to grow，and sunshine comes to the world around us，and love spreads over the community we are in.Why not start a hello today？（5）What is the best title for this passage？A.Friendship Begins With A HelloB.Five Mm hmms Change A LotC.Sunshine Warms Your HeartD.Build An Honest Community正确答案：正确答案：A3.2细节理解分值占比高、分值占比高、70%-80%(必考：必考：1116道道)常见设问方式6W(what/why/who/which/when/where)和和1H(how)技巧点拨1.划划（划出题干关键词：（划出题干关键词：人名、地名、书名、专有名词人名、地名、书名、专有名词或普通名词；时间、日期；或普通名词；时间、日期；谓语动词；形容词、副词）谓语动词；形容词、副词）2.定定（精准定位原文：（精准定位原文：利用利用跳读跳读查找法，回到原文中寻找相关的语句查找法，回到原文中寻找相关的语句-和题干重复和题干重复的词或短语）的词或短语）3.比比（对比选项：（对比选项：对比原文和选项对比原文和选项）正确正确选项特征：选项特征：原文复现原文复现同义替换同义替换归纳总结归纳总结干扰干扰选项特征：选项特征：无中生有（出现生词）无中生有（出现生词）与原文相反与原文相反半对半错半对半错偷换概念偷换概念（4）Why did the writer start to act like Benny？A.Because he liked to make friends with strangers.B.Because he wanted to cheer up the whole bus again.C.Because Benny asked him to say Good morning!.D.Because he thought what Benny did was interesting.I usually took a bus to school.I found that most passengers were silent and never had a conversation with anyone else.About a year ago，an old man got on the bus and said loudly to the driver，Good morning!Most people looked up，wondering why，and the bus driver didnt take it seriously and just replied in a cold voice，Mm hmmThe next day the man got on and again he said in a loud voice，Good morning!to the driver.Another Mm hmm.By the fifth day，the driver finally answered him with a little happy Good morning!Then the man said，My name is Benny The driver told the man that he was Sam.That was the first time any of us had heard the drivers name and soon people began to talk to each other and say hello to Sam and Benny.Soon Benny spread his happy Good morning!to the whole bus.Within a few days，his Good morning!was returned by a lot of Good mornings and the whole bus seemed to be friendlier.People got to know each other.Benny truly showed friendship among us with a simple Good morning!，I thought.Then suddenly，Benny stopped showing up.Everyone began to ask about Benny，wondering what happened to him.No one knew what to do and the bus got quiet again.So，last week，I started to act like Benny and say Good morning!to everyone and the whole bus cheered up again.Hopefully，Benny could come back to see his Good morning!mattered a lot.Sometimes we see some strangers so many times that we know their faces well，but we never even say hello to them.By saying hello，friendship starts to grow，and sunshine comes to the world around us，and love spreads over the community we are in.Why not start a hello today？公交车上的人很安静公交车上的人很安静Benny公交车司机公交车司机Sam打招呼打招呼Benny用用Good morning向我们展示了向我们展示了.我模仿我模仿Benny 说说Good morning为什么不开始说为什么不开始说Hello呢？呢？（4）Why did the writer start to act like Benny？A.Because he liked to make friends with strangers.B.Because he wanted to cheer up the whole bus again.C.Because Benny asked him to say Good morning!.D.Because he thought what Benny did was interesting.正确答案：正确答案：B3.3判断推理做题技巧常见设问方式常见设问方式：What can be inferred(推断)from the passage？(2019.64)What do/can we learn_from？(2017.65)What do you think_of？From the passage,we can learn thatThe writer probably agrees thatWe can infer from the passage that技巧点拨往往不能在文章中直接找出答案，难度较往往不能在文章中直接找出答案，难度较大大必须上下文逻辑关系、联系作者写作意图、必须上下文逻辑关系、联系作者写作意图、基于事实的言外之意基于事实的言外之意正确选项：正确选项：表达观点看法选项表达观点看法选项不十分肯定的表述（不十分肯定的表述（can may couldprobablypossiblelikely to干扰选项干扰选项照抄原文或同义替换照抄原文或同义替换过于绝对的表达过于绝对的表达Do you like writing by hand or with a keyboard？A new brain research，led by researchers at Norwegian University of Science and Technology shows that choosing handwriting instead of using a keyboard results in better learning and memory.When you write your shopping list or class notes by hand，you simply remember what you wrote better later，said Audrey van der Meer，who did the study.12 young grown ups and 12 children took part in the study.This is the first time that children have taken part in such a study.Special machines were used to follow and record brain wave（电波）activity.Each person wore a special cap with over 250 electrodes（电极）on the head，and was asked to write by hand and use a keyboard.The sensors（传感器）in the electrodes picked up the activity that took place in the brain.Each examination took 45 minutes for each person.The results showed that the brain in both young grown ups and children is much more active when writing by hand than when using a keyboard.According to Van der Meer，plenty of senses become active by holding a pen and pushing it down on paper，seeing the letters written and hearing the sound made while writing.These build connection between different parts of the brain，opening the brain up for learning.Van der Meer believes that the results call attention to the importance of children being asked to draw and write at an early age，especially at school.Learning to write by hand is a bit slower course，but its important for children to experience the tiring step of learning to write by hand，she said.The hand movements used to form the shapes of letters are helpful in several ways.If you use a keyboard，you use the same movement for each letter.Writing by hand requires control of your fine motor（精细动作）skills and senses.Its important to put the brain in a learning condition as often as possible，Van der Meer added.For example，you might use a keyboard to write an article，but you should take notes by hand during a class.（5）What can be inferred（推断）from the passage？A.Children will be encouraged to write more by hand.B.We must write our shopping list by hand from now on.C.The more a young person writes，the worse his memory is.D.Learning to write by hand is faster than learning to use a keyboard.正确答案：正确答案：A3.4词义猜测做题技巧常见设问方式：What does the underlined_word/phrase“”mean in Chinese？(2020.62，2017.58)According to the fourth paragraph,what does the word“”mean in Chinese？(2019.67)In Paragraph 1,the underlined_word“”means(2018.70)What does the underlined_word“”(in Paragraph)_mean?The underlined_word“”means in Chinese.技巧点拨词词义义(组组)猜猜测测题题是是中中考考阅阅读读中中常常考考的的一一个个类类型型，它它要要求求考考生生不不但但要要准准确确无无误误地地理理解解上上下下文文，而而且且要要有有较较大大的的词词汇汇泛泛读读量量，掌掌握握或或认认识识较较多多的的课课外外词词汇汇。此此类类题题型型在在设设置置时时，需需要要猜猜测测的的词词汇汇(组组)均均为为生生难难词词汇汇，考生考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词、短语意思的技巧。需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词、短语意思的技巧。技巧：技巧：“带入翻译带入翻译”把每个选项的意思带入原文中翻译、对比哪个把每个选项的意思带入原文中翻译、对比哪个意思更通顺并且联系上下文对比哪个更符合逻辑意思更通顺并且联系上下文对比哪个更符合逻辑【真题探究】例(2020北部湾经济区阅读理解 C 节选)Humor can help you when you are under provocation.Sometimes,people make trouble on purpose.One day the famous German poet Goethe met a critic(批评家)in a small road.The critic said to Goethe,“You know,Ive never given a way to a stupid man.”Goethe answered,“But I am the opposite of you.”Then he moved on his side and let the critic pass by.As you see,humor gives a lesson to those who want to laugh at others.62.What does the underlined word“provocation”in Paragraph mean in Chinese?A.挑衅挑衅 B.感化感化 C.怂恿怂恿 D.教训教训 正确答案：正确答案：A总结：阅读理解做题技巧1.主旨大意题主旨大意题（概括性、反复出现、转折连词后）（概括性、反复出现、转折连词后）2.细节理解题细节理解题（划（划-定定-找）找）3.判断推理题判断推理题(基于事实的言外之意）基于事实的言外之意）4.词义推测题词义推测题（带入翻译并联系上下文）（带入翻译并联系上下文）
