英语语法——分词-40页PPT文档说课讲解.ppt
英语语法分词-40页PPT文档现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表在语态和时间概念上。在语态上,现在分词(除被动式外)表示主动意思,过去 分词表示被动意思。在时间上,现在分词表示动作正在进 行,过去分词则表示动作的完成。现在分词 过去分词 比较:developing countries developed countries boiling water boiled water the rising sun the risen sun the falling autumn leaves the fallen autumn leaves 有些过去分词只表示动作的完成,例如 the risen sun the fallen autumn leaves a retired worker a escaped prisoner 有些过去分词只表示动作的被动,例如 a man-made satellite guided missile(导弹)现在分词的形式现在分词的形式 语态语态 时态时态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done其否定形式是在其否定形式是在doing之前加上之前加上not。1.现在分词的用法:现在分词的用法:1)作表语:作表语:2)作定语:作定语:3)作状语:作状语:4)作宾补:作宾补:二、分词的用法二、分词的用法1)做表语做表语Hewasveryamusing./hewasamusedThatbookwasratherboring./Ifeelbored很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:exciting,interesting,encouraging,disappointing,confusing,touching,puzzling.-ing 表示令人-,-ed表示感到-2)作定语:作定语:分词前置分词前置Wecanseetherisingsun.我们可以看到东我们可以看到东升的旭日升的旭日Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.Ifoundhimacharmingperson.完成体的分词一般不作定语,若要表达完成意义完成体的分词一般不作定语,若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如:最好用定语从句。如:我们一般不说:我们一般不说:Thegirlhavingwontheraceismydeskmate.而常这样说:而常这样说:Thegirlwhohaswontheraceismydeskmate.作定语可以用下列非谓语,区别在于:被动:The bridge to be held tomorrow(明天要开的会议)(未来、被动)being held now (正在开的会议)(被动、进行)held yesterday (昨天开的会议)(完成、被动)主动:I have a speech to make(未来、主动)the girl making the speech is Mary(主动、进行)3)作状语:作状语:A、表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句、表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句 Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.=Assoonastheyheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Walkingalongthestreet,hesawawalletlyingontheground.=Whenhewaswalkingalongthestreet,hesawawalletlyingontheground.Returninghome,hebegantodohishomework.Havingfoundahotel,welookedforsomewheretohavedinner.Havingfinishedherwork,shewenthome.ArrivinginParis,Ilostmyway.B、表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句、表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.=Aswedidntknowheraddress,wecouldntGetintouchwithher.AsIdidntreceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.-Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.HavinglivedinLondonforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.Nothavingenoughmoney,Icouldntbuythisbeautifuldress.Notknowingwhattodo,hewrotetohissisterforhelp.C、表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句、表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句Beingmorecareful,youcanmakefewermistakes.=Ifyouaremorecareful,youcanmakefewermistakes.Turningtotheleftonthesecondblock,youwillseethepostoffice.=Ifyouturntotheleftonthesecondblock,youwillseethepostoffice.Boiled,water turns into vapour.D、表示伴随状况或方式表示伴随状况或方式,相当于相当于一个并列句一个并列句Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword=Istoodbythedooranddidntdaretosay-.Hesatatthetable,readinganewspaper.Hesatthereallday,doingnothingatall.E、表示结果,(必然的)、表示结果,(必然的)Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.Footballisplayedinmorethan80countries,makingitapopularsport.4、作补语、作补语3)作宾语补足语:分词一般只在三类动词后作补语 感觉、感官动词:see observe notice watch hear smell listen to,look at,feel 使役、致使动词:have make catch,set,get,leave,keep,find,with+O+doing/done 此用法中:现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义,过去分词表示已完成的被动意义2、过去分词的用法:、过去分词的用法:1)作表语:作表语:2)作定语:作定语:3)作状语:作状语:4)作宾补:作宾补:1)做表语:做表语:Weweresoboredthatwecouldnthelpyawning.Shefeltconfused,andevenfrightened.Theywereverypleasedwiththegirl.Imsatisfiedwithyouranswer.Heisnotinterestedinresearch.2)作定语:作定语:前置定语前置定语 Shehasapleasedlookonherface.Theteachergaveusasatisfiedsmile.cookedfoodawrittenreportfriedeggsboiledwaterfrozenfoodarmedforcesrequiredcoursesfallenleavesfinishedproductsaforcedsmiletherisensunnewarrivedvisitors后置定语后置定语(I分词词组;分词词组;ii个别分词如个别分词如given,left;iii修饰不定代词修饰不定代词Thisisthequestiongiven.Whatsthelanguagespokeninthatcountry?Theyreproblemsleftoverbyhistory.Theplayputonbytheteacherswasabigsuccess.过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:1、表示被、表示被动和完成动和完成;2、只表完成。如:、只表完成。如:thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的昨天讨论的问题问题(既表示被动也表示完成)(既表示被动也表示完成)thefallenleaves落下的树叶落下的树叶(只表示完成,只表示完成,不表示被动不表示被动)在英语中只表完成不表被动的往往是一些不及物在英语中只表完成不表被动的往往是一些不及物动词的过去分词,常见的有:动词的过去分词,常见的有:thechangedsituation,anewlyreturnedstudentaretiredworker,anescapedprisoner,afallenleaf等。等。3)作状语:作状语:Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.Tiredout,theystoppedtohavearest.Hecameintotheroom,supportedbythem.Depressed,hewenttoseehiseldersister.Thehunterwalkedslowlyintheforest,followedbyhiswolf-dog.Heated,waterwillbecomesteam.Beingill,heisabsenttoday.注意:注意:选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.连词连词+分词分词(短语短语)有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前加连词。加连词。连词有:连词有:when,while,if,though,after,before,as.unless但分词的主语和主句的但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个,如:主语必须为同一个,如:Whilewaitingthere,hesawtwoprettygirlscomeoutofthebuilding.waiting和和saw的主语相同。的主语相同。请比较:When interviewed,he kept brushing his hairBefore being interviewed,he brushed his hairIwillgotohisbirthdaypartyif(Iam)invited)Somefamousproverbswillneverbeforgottenonce(theyare)learnedbyheart.HecanspeakChinesefluentlythough(hewas)bornInAmerica.Ihavetogetsomeinformationaboutthesubjectbeforewritingthearticle.Hecametohelpusas(hewas)expected.Hewillnotcomeunless(heis)invited.4)作宾补:作宾补:过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语,过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语,接在某些接在某些动词后面动词后面 Iwillhavetheclotheswashedtomorrow.Whentheygotbackhome,theyfoundtheroombrokeninto.巩固练习:巩固练习:1._withthebeststudents,Istillhavealongwaytogo.A.HavingcomparedB.TocompareC.ComparedD.Compare2.Themusicofthefilm_byhimsoundsso_.A.playing,excitingB.played,excitedC.playing,excitedD.played,exciting3._againstthecominghurricane,theydarednotleavehome.A.WarnedB.HavingwarnedC.TowarnD.WarnCDA4.In_countries,youcantalwaysmakeyourself_byspeakingEnglish.A.English-speaking,understandB.English-spoken,understandC.English-spoken,understoodD.English-speaking,understood5.After_theoldman,thedoctorsuggestedthathe_abadcoldA.examining,shouldcatchB.examined,hadcaughC.examining,hadcaughtD.examined,catchCC 6._,Tomjumpedintotheriverandhadagoodtimeinit.A.BeagoodswimmerB.BeingagoodswimmerC.HavingbeengoodswimmerD.Tobeagoodswimmer 7._howtoreadthenewwords,IoftenlookthemupinthedictionaryA.HavingnotknownB.NottoknowC.DontknowD.Notknowing8.Ashisparent,youshouldnthaveyourchild_suchabook.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.bereadingBDC在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。如果不一致应与句子的主语一致。如果不一致的话,分词前面可以带有自己的逻的话,分词前面可以带有自己的逻辑主语辑主语(名词或代词名词或代词),构成分词的独,构成分词的独立结构立结构(或称为带逻辑主语的分词结或称为带逻辑主语的分词结构构)。分词独立结构可表示伴随情况、。分词独立结构可表示伴随情况、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等。原因、条件等。Themoonhasnolightofitsown,onlysunlightshiningonit.(附加说明附加说明)Sherushedouttheroom,thelittlebabycarriedinherarms.(伴随动作伴随动作)Maggieranbacktothekitchen,eggsheldcarefullyinherhand.(伴随动作伴随动作)Theybeingblindmen,howcouldtheyseetheelephants?(=Astheywereblindmen.)(表示原因表示原因)Circumstanceschanged,itisnecessaryforyoutomakeanewplan.(表示原因表示原因)Aforceactingthroughadistance,workisdone.(表示条件表示条件)Bothbrightsideanddarksideconsidered,youwillhavetheconfidencetoovercomethisdifficulty.(表示条件表示条件)Supperfinished(=Aftersupperwasfinished),westartedtodiscussthepicnic.therebe句型和句型和it也能引出分词独立结构,作状也能引出分词独立结构,作状语修饰主句,语修饰主句,there和和it相当于分词的逻辑主语。相当于分词的逻辑主语。Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.=therewasnothingelsetodo,sowewenthomeItbeingimpossibleformoststudentstoturnintheirpapersasscheduled,theteacherdecidedtogivethemanothertwodays.表示伴随方式的独立主格结构,有时可用表示伴随方式的独立主格结构,有时可用“with宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语”的结构来替换。的结构来替换。Helaytherethinking,hishandslaidbehindhishead(withhishandslaidbehindhishead).Theriverlooksmorebeautiful,flowersandgrassgrowingonbothsides(=withflowersandgrassgrowingonbothsides).with宾语宾语补足语的结构是英语中常见常宾语宾语补足语的结构是英语中常见常用的结构,其宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去用的结构,其宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等,在分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等,在句中可作定语,也可作状语,表示原因、方式等。句中可作定语,也可作状语,表示原因、方式等。如:如:Thechildrenwerelyingthere,withtheireyesshut.Iwillmissthetrain,withnoonetowakemeup.有些惯用的分词短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主有些惯用的分词短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,它们往往作为句子的独立成分来语而独立存在,它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。如:修饰全句。如:generallyspeaking一般说来一般说来talkingof(speakingof)说道说道strictlyspeaking严格的说严格的说judgingfrom从从判断判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看从整体来看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来全面看来Considering-考虑到考虑到Consideringthetime,wehavedecidedtostartearlytomorrowmorning.Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.Consideringhisoldage,heisstillactive.Conclusion:现在分词通常表示主动、进行,而过现在分词通常表示主动、进行,而过去分词往往表示被动、完成。去分词往往表示被动、完成。此课件下载可自行编辑修改,仅供参考!此课件下载可自行编辑修改,仅供参考!感谢您的支持,我们努力做得更好!谢谢感谢您的支持,我们努力做得更好!谢谢