新标准大学英语综合教程(第二版)UNIT-8-B篇练习答案+课文翻译ppt课件.pptx

病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Words&PhrasesLanguage PointsExercisesExtension ActivitiesContentsActive Reading 2病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Warming UpWatch the movie clip and discuss the questions:1.Whats the name of the organization in the video and whats the main task of it?2.Would you like to work as a volunteer and teach Chinese all over the world?Why(or why not)?(Open)Script病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Warming Up1.Whats the name of the organization in the video and whats the main task of it?ILP ILP teaches as many schools across the world,including Mexico,Russia,Ukraine and mainland China.2.Would you like to work as a volunteer and teach Chinese all over the world?Why(or why not)?Open.Key病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程 Script My name is Kammy Smith,and I just got back from Ukraine with the international language programs this past June,and it was an amazing experience.My favorite part about ILP was getting out and seeing the world and really being able to submerge myself into cultures that werent the same as my own.My name is Kenny.Im 23,and I went with ILP to China,Russia and Ukraine.I am Jesherry Jay.Im 23 years old.Ive been to Ukraine and Mexico.And I love this because its a really good opportunity to get out of the country to experience new cultures,and most of all because I got to teach the kids.And I love it.This is my favorite part.Warming Up病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Becoming a volunteer of ILP will truly change your life.Its you change the life of the children across the world.Because English is such an international language,teaching this language to kids is great lesson in their lives.Also,interaction with ILP participants with high standards and care for these kids influence them in profound ways beyond just learning another language.The method ILP uses is great.You know,Im not an English teacher.Im not ILP education teacher,and first thing I thought,you know,was am I qualified to teach kids?But the method we used is really just playing in the environment.Where you are going,you are teaching the kids English inversion.Warming Up病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Warming UpSo,just the ability that I have to speak English,and the desire to be with kids qualified me.It was awesome to see after just one month,their comprehension,and how well they were able to speak.even,you know the small five-year-old kids were able to communicate with us.They learn English so they can speak with you.They really like you.You are like a role model for them.Just like these volunteers,you can have the experience of lifetime.Not only will you grow when you are teaching children English,but youll broaden your horizon since you travel to places youve never been to,and see things you never thought youll see.病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Warming UpI always knew that I wanted to go and have an international experience.But I must study in college so really didnt think it would be reality,until I found out ILP.Because their non-profitable organization,theyve made it possible for kids like me to go and be able to do it at affordable rate.It was something they go into school fulltime,so Im still able to.do.I was able to see the black sea in Ukraine.It was absolutely gorgeous.I got to go to see Petersburg.I was able to see the Terra-Cotta Warriors in China,which is super famous and really cool.And,as well as the Great Wall in China,which is just.pictures cant capture how amazing the Great Wall was.病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Warming UpILP teaches as many schools across the world,including Mexico,Russia,Ukraine and mainland China.If living abroad means something that interests you and you wanna learn more about;if teaching children and providing them with an ability thats gonna make such a difference in life,as something that you wanna provide,then,you know,take a break from typical life,and go and experience.病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程TextVolunteer for peace病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Volunteer for peace There are as many different volunteer experiences as there are places to go.Different jobs,locations and cultures all affect what the volunteer gains,and gives,during their program.Another important factor in volunteering is your length of stay.We decided to interview recent volunteers to get the straight story about their time volunteering,so that you can decide for yourself if its for you.Lisa Ginsburg volunteered often during her time at University of Southern California,which inspired her to spend two weeks working for Volunteers for Peace(vfpvfp.org)in Bangladesh.Text病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程What did you do as a volunteer,and where?1 I went to Bangladesh with Volunteers for Peace.We met in Dhaka,and then took an eight-hour bus ride to the village of Dinajpur.VFP worked side by side with another local agency in Dinajpur.We set up their annual cataract eye camp,with free cataract surgery for the local elderly or anyone that needed an eye check.We helped set up the school,cleaned it out,and turned the classroom into the surgery room.It was called the“operation theater”.Text病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程 The first two days were dedicated to the eye surgery,and the rest of the week to the eye camp.On the last day of the clinic we helped remove the bandages and each of the patients was given prescription glasses.Everyone got the same glasses,though.The other part of the program was the installation of toilets.We traveled to different villages by bicycle or motorcycle,and just dug holes to put in latrines and cement rings.Text病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程How is volunteering different from traveling or working abroad?2 I had to acknowledge that it was going to be kind of hard.Traveling before,I stayed in hostels that werent so bad because things were pretty clean.While volunteering there were times I had to clean toilets.At times I was saying,“What am I doing here?Id rather be doing something else.”I had to acknowledge that living conditions can be pretty different sometimes.The bed was a piece of wood and I dont think there was even a mattress.We didnt have the flexibility of traveling.When you are traveling alone or with someone else you can do whatever you want;when youre tired,you rest.But this is work.We got up early and we worked,but it was fun.Text病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3 I think it satisfied my expectations.When I was a little girl I thought I was going to be a doctor,so thats why I chose the health position in the volunteer program.Other programs do research,have archaeological digs,but I wanted to work alongside health providers and doctors,and thats what I did.TextWhat were your images or expectations of volunteering before you left,and how have your perceptions changed?病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程4 I never thought about having to pay,really.This is not like a hobby that I do every week,but I knew there were some costs to what I was going to do.This is something I saved up for because I really wanted to go.I was passionate about it.Though its expensive traveling to that part of the world,I never thought it was a burden.I just planned ahead and saved.TextThe volunteer program you went on had participant fees.How did you feel about having to pay so that you could work for free?病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程5 I dont know if I made a difference.I knew before going that in only two weeks,I wouldnt change the world.I know they were very happy knowing that people in the States and around the world were willing to help them.We took the time to do things for them,and that made them glad.On the very last day when they had to leave the hospital and school grounds,some of them cried.We bonded in the short days that we were together.TextThere is a lot of debate about the effectiveness of volunteer organizations.Do you think that you made a difference,and in what way?病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程What were the worst and best experiences while volunteering?6 The worst part of my program was the waiting.We did a lot of unnecessary waiting because the head of the program wasnt sure about something or other and hadnt planned ahead.They were a bit unorganized,which could have been improved with better communication between the local agencies and VFP.The best part was bonding with the volunteers,and the agencies did a good job in varying our tasks.We played hard and we worked hard.We visited a lot of homes,families,and schools.We got to know the locals.Every time I think about riding through the rice fields,being invited in for tea,it makes me smile.Text病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Text和平志愿者和平志愿者 世界上有多少地方就有多少种志愿者工作的经历。不同的工作、地点和文化都会使志愿者在其志愿活动中的得到和付出有所不同。另一个影响志愿活动的重要因素是你做志愿工作时间的长短。我们决定采访近期的志愿者，了解他们做志愿工作的真实故事，希望能帮你判断志愿工作是否适合你。莉萨金斯堡在南加州大学读书期间经常参加志愿活动，这使她产生了去孟加拉国当两周和平志愿者的想法。病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Text 作为志愿者你做了些什么工作？在哪里工作？作为志愿者你做了些什么工作？在哪里工作？1 我与和平志愿者一同前往孟加拉国，我们在达卡集合，然后坐八小时的长途车到迪纳杰布尔村。和平志愿者与迪纳杰布尔村当地的一家机构并肩工作，我们帮他们搭建每年一度的白内障治疗营地，为当地老年白内障患者免费做手术，或为有需求的人检查眼疾。我们帮他们在学校里安装设备，打扫环境，将教室变成外科手术室，称为“手术教室”。病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Text 头两天帮忙做眼科手术，后五天在白内障营地帮忙。在诊所的最后一天，我们帮着给患者解除绷带，每位患者都得到一副特配眼镜，不过他们得到的眼镜都是一模一样的。其他的工作还包括修建厕所。我们骑自行车或摩托车去了不同的村庄，在地上挖个坑把蹲式马桶和水泥环放进去。病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Text 志愿工作与在国外旅游或工作有何不同？志愿工作与在国外旅游或工作有何不同？2 我不得不承认这项工作比较辛苦。过去我出去旅游都住在青年旅社，条件还不错，因为环境相当整洁干净。做志愿工作时，我有时要打扫厕所。有时候我会问自己：“我到底到这儿来干什么？我宁可干别的事儿。”我不得不承认有时生活条件也有很大的不同。床只是一块木板，连床垫都没有。我们也无法享受旅游的灵活性。当你单独或和别人一起旅游时，你喜欢做什么就做什么，累了就休息。但这是工作，我们得早早起床干活，但很有乐趣。病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Text 你出发前觉得志愿工作是什么样的？对它有什么期待？你你出发前觉得志愿工作是什么样的？对它有什么期待？你的看法有改变吗？的看法有改变吗？3 我觉得志愿工作符合我的期望。我从小就想当医生，这也是我选择医疗作为志愿项目的原因。其他项目有做研究的，也有做考古挖掘的，但是我想和医疗工作者和医生一起工作，而这正是我所做的工作。病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Text 你参加的志愿活动要求志愿者付参加费，对于免费为别人你参加的志愿活动要求志愿者付参加费，对于免费为别人工作还要自己掏钱，你是怎么想的？工作还要自己掏钱，你是怎么想的？4 我其实从来没有想过必须自己掏钱这件事。这不像我每周都参加的业余爱好，我当然知道我要做的事情会有一些花费，我攒钱的目的就是为了这个，因为我真的很想去，我对这个项目充满热情。虽然到世界的那个角落旅费很贵，但我从来就没觉得那是个负担，我只是提前计划并为此攒钱。病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Text 对对于于志志愿愿者者组组织织的的有有效效性性有有很很多多争争议议，你你认认为为你你的的加加入入给给这个组织带来什么变化了吗？在哪些方面？这个组织带来什么变化了吗？在哪些方面？5 我不知道我是否带来了什么变化，可我在出发之前就知道：在两周的时间内我不可能改变世界。我知道，他们非常高兴地看到美国和其他国家的人愿意帮助他们，我们花时间来为他们做些事情，这让他们很高兴。离开医院和学校操场时，他们有的人都哭了。我们在短短的几天内建立了感情。病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Text 你在志愿者工作中经历的最糟糕和最好的事是什么？你在志愿者工作中经历的最糟糕和最好的事是什么？6 我这个项目里最糟糕的事情是等待。因为项目主任对某些事情没把握，没有事先计划好，让我们做了很多不必要的等待。他们做事不太有条理，如果地方机构与和平志愿者组织之间能够更好地相互沟通的话，事情就会顺利一些。最好的经历是与其他志愿者建立友情，地方机构尽量给我们分配不同工种的活。我们玩得痛快，干得卖力。我们走访了许多民居、家庭和学校，并结识了很多当地人。每当想起骑车穿过稻田应邀去当地人家喝茶时的情景，我就会发自内心地微笑。病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程locationcataractsurgerydedicateprescriptionmattressflexibility archaeological providerparticipant installationmotorcyclelatrinecementhosteleffectiveness unorganizedvaryWords&Phrases病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程side by sideclean outkind ofat timessave upWords&PhrasesLisa Ginsburg 莉萨金斯堡（人名）Bangladesh 孟加拉国Dhaka 达卡Dinajpur 迪纳杰布尔市病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程location n.C the place or position where sb.or sth.is or where sth.happens 场所；地点；位置e.g.1.Could you give me your precise location?你能告诉我你准确的位置吗？2.The talks are taking place at a secret location.谈话在一个隐秘场所进行。Word family:locate v.Words&Phrases病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程cataract n.C a medical condition affecting your eyes in which they become white and you gradually lose the ability to see 白内障e.g.He is an elderly gentleman who had had a cataract operation.他是一位曾经动过白内障手术的老人。Words&Phrases病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程surgery n.C,U medical treatment in which a doctor cuts open someones body 外科手术e.g.1.He had to undergo heart surgery.他必须接受心脏手术。2.Your condition is serious and requires surgery.你的情况很严重，需要做手术。3.The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked.(CET4-2005-12)医生认为阿司匹林对心脏手术病人有益，因为它可以阻止血液变稠和血管堵塞。Word family:surgeon n.外科医生 surgical a.外科手术的Words&Phrases病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程dedicate vt.(to sth./doing sth.)to spend your time and effort doing sth.把（时间和力量）用在上e.g.1.Andy wants to dedicate more time to his hobbies.安迪想要把更多的时间花在他的兴趣爱好上。2.This woman has dedicated her whole life to helping others.这位女性用尽一生来帮助他人。3.He dedicated himself entirely to his work.他把自己的全部都贡献给了工作。Word family:dedication n.Words&Phrases病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程prescription n.C a piece of paper that a doctor gives you that says what type of medicine you need 处方；药方e.g.1.The physician made/wrote a prescription against sea-sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。2.Are you taking any other medicines whether on prescription or bought over the counter?你在服用其他什么处方药或非处方药吗？3.A pharmacist can fill any prescription if,in his or her judgment,the prescription is valid.只要药剂师认定处方有效就可按方配药。Word family:prescribe v.Words&Phrases病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程installation n.1.U(of)the process of putting a new system or piece of equipment in its place and making it ready for use 安装；安装程序e.g.1.Who is in charge of the installation of a new washing machine.谁负责新洗衣机的安装？2.The engineers have finished the installation of a central heating system.工程师们已经完成了中央供暖系统的安装。Words&Phrases病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程2.C a system or piece of equipment that has been installed somewhere 系统；设备e.g.1.The whole computer installation was nearly new.整个计算机设备几乎都是新的。2.It is said that New Zealand has no nuclear installations.据说新西兰没有核设施。Word family:install v.Words&Phrases病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程motorcycle n.C(fml)a motorbike 摩托车e.g.1.Gilbert went there by motorcycle.吉尔伯特骑摩托车去的那儿。2.The motorcycle raced along the street at lightning speed.摩托车飞快地从街上驶过。Words&Phrases病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程latrine n.C a toilet outside（军营等的）户外厕所，茅坑e.g.1.There were no proper toilets,but only an outdoor latrine.没有正规的厕所，只有一个室外的茅坑。2.The shelters with latrine facilities will improve the overall living conditions for vulnerable families.设有厕所的避难场所将改善弱势家庭的整体生活状况。Words&Phrases病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程cement n.U a grey powder used in building that becomes very hard when you mix it with sand and water 水泥e.g.1.Dont walk on the wet cement.水泥未干时不要在上面行走。2.He was once the driver of a cement mixer.他曾经是水泥搅拌机司机。Words&Phrases病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程hostel n.C a building where people living away from home c